This study examined the influence of regional adiposity on the relationship between vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and insulin sensitivity. The results showed that central adiposity, as measured by android fat mass index, was a stronger predictor of vitamin D status than general adiposity measures. Higher central adiposity was also independently associated with higher fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lower ISI. Adjusting for central adiposity attenuated the significance of the relationship between vitamin D and insulin/glucose markers, suggesting central adiposity may drive the apparent relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance.
Stuart Phillips - Sports Nutrition Conference 2008Stuart Phillips
Stuart Phillips gave a presentation on nutrition for repeated sprinting as seen in team sports. He discussed that repeated sprinting carries the same nutrient needs as longer duration sports, with hydration and carbohydrate being most important during and after exercise. For pre-exercise nutrition, he recommended eating carbohydrates and hydrating to replenish glycogen stores. During exercise, consuming fluids and carbohydrates can reduce fatigue. Post-exercise, eating protein and carbohydrates soon after can enhance muscle protein synthesis and glycogen restoration.
The Effects Of Creatine On Repeated Sprint Performance, Maximum Strength And ...Carl Page
The document examines the effects of creatine supplementation on repeated sprint performance, maximum strength, and power. It reviews the physiological mechanisms by which creatine enhances anaerobic performance and different creatine loading strategies. Studies showed improved ATP synthesis and PCr resynthesis during high-intensity exercise with creatine. While creatine increased strength, muscle mass, and reduced fatigue, potential side effects included stomach aches and diarrhea. More research is needed comparing different supplements, in males and females separately, with larger sample sizes and strict controls.
Nutritional Recommendations for a Sustainable Bone and Muscle Health, René Ri...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
The WCO continues to be the primary forum for scientists to focus on the impact of lifestyle on bone health in general. The satellite symposium organized by YINI in particular featured many global comparisons in diet and the effect on bone. As Western diet permeates more of the globe and the population continues to grow, it is meaningful to study the impact of these changes on bone health as diet is one of the few major modifiable factors which in turn affects healthcare costs. Calcium, vitamin D, and protein intake continued to dominate the discussion. The symposium offered an opportunity to learn about theories and data in nutritional research concerning bone as well as methodological approaches to classify diets. The slideshow allow the reader to capture the new messages and to analyze the new scientific data presented by Professor Rene Rizzoli (Switzerland) in this field.
1) Yogurt has a low glycemic index (GI) of around 27 for plain varieties and 41 for sweetened varieties due to its lactose and protein content.
2) While data is limited, yogurt elicits a lower glycemic and insulin response compared to other snacks like cookies and bananas when consumed.
3) Replacing some high GI foods in meals with yogurt is an effective way to lower the overall dietary GI and potentially reduce risk of type 2 diabetes.
"The Effect of Carbohydrate and Protein Supplementation and the Timing of Ing...L. Luketic
The document summarizes a student paper on how the timing of carbohydrate and protein supplementation affects performance and muscle recovery in endurance athletes. It introduces the topic, outlines the paper's structure, and provides background information on nutrition, supplementation, and exercise-induced muscle damage. The significance of optimizing performance and recovery is discussed. A literature review examines supplementation before, during, and after competition and a conclusion is drawn that the best supplement and timing remains inconclusive.
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and Nutrient Timing for Optimal PerformanceThe York School
The document provides an overview of various nutritional supplements and their purported ergogenic effects and safety. It discusses creatine, arginine, beta-alanine, HMB, glutamine, caffeine, and whey protein. For each supplement, it summarizes the claims of effectiveness, proposed mechanisms of action, relevant research on safety and effectiveness for performance and physique adaptations, optimal dosing, and other practical considerations. Safety is the primary concern, and effectiveness requires evidence from biological plausibility and research studies.
Ambrotose AO capsules contain a blend of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants, plant extracts, and fruit and vegetable powders. Three clinical studies found Ambrotose AO capsules increased serum ORAC levels, a measure of antioxidant activity in the blood, by up to 37.4% and serum TEAC by 19%. No adverse effects were reported. Ambrotose AO capsules were shown to have a greater effect on antioxidant levels than adding five servings of fruits and vegetables or high doses of other supplements. The ingredients in Ambrotose AO capsules are considered safe due to traditional use as foods, food nutrients, or dietary supplements.
Yogurt consumption for a healthier diet and lifestyle: overview from cohorts ...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Yogurt is generally considered as a healthy food because of its nutrient composition, its profile of fermented food, and its link with an improved metabolic fitness. Population studies show that yogurt consumers report a greater intake of some nutrients,
e.g. calcium and protein, and fruits and vegetables compared to non-consumers. This is concordant with recent data demonstrating that diet quality is improved in yogurt consumers. Other cohort studies have shown that yogurt consumption is
associated with a reduced body weight over time. Our research experience with the Quebec Family Study reveals that yogurt consumption might be the “signature of a healthy lifestyle”. Indeed, female yogurt consumers report a better macronutrient
composition of the diet than non-consumers; they are also more physically active and display feeding behaviors which are more compatible with body weight stability. This agrees with results of the Infogene Study demonstrating that yogurt consumers
are more prone to adhere to a Prudent dietary pattern whereas non-consumers tend to exhibit a Western pattern. In summary, currently available cohort studies tend to show that yogurt consumption is associated with a healthy eating pattern
and lifestyle.
Stuart Phillips - Sports Nutrition Conference 2008Stuart Phillips
Stuart Phillips gave a presentation on nutrition for repeated sprinting as seen in team sports. He discussed that repeated sprinting carries the same nutrient needs as longer duration sports, with hydration and carbohydrate being most important during and after exercise. For pre-exercise nutrition, he recommended eating carbohydrates and hydrating to replenish glycogen stores. During exercise, consuming fluids and carbohydrates can reduce fatigue. Post-exercise, eating protein and carbohydrates soon after can enhance muscle protein synthesis and glycogen restoration.
The Effects Of Creatine On Repeated Sprint Performance, Maximum Strength And ...Carl Page
The document examines the effects of creatine supplementation on repeated sprint performance, maximum strength, and power. It reviews the physiological mechanisms by which creatine enhances anaerobic performance and different creatine loading strategies. Studies showed improved ATP synthesis and PCr resynthesis during high-intensity exercise with creatine. While creatine increased strength, muscle mass, and reduced fatigue, potential side effects included stomach aches and diarrhea. More research is needed comparing different supplements, in males and females separately, with larger sample sizes and strict controls.
Nutritional Recommendations for a Sustainable Bone and Muscle Health, René Ri...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
The WCO continues to be the primary forum for scientists to focus on the impact of lifestyle on bone health in general. The satellite symposium organized by YINI in particular featured many global comparisons in diet and the effect on bone. As Western diet permeates more of the globe and the population continues to grow, it is meaningful to study the impact of these changes on bone health as diet is one of the few major modifiable factors which in turn affects healthcare costs. Calcium, vitamin D, and protein intake continued to dominate the discussion. The symposium offered an opportunity to learn about theories and data in nutritional research concerning bone as well as methodological approaches to classify diets. The slideshow allow the reader to capture the new messages and to analyze the new scientific data presented by Professor Rene Rizzoli (Switzerland) in this field.
1) Yogurt has a low glycemic index (GI) of around 27 for plain varieties and 41 for sweetened varieties due to its lactose and protein content.
2) While data is limited, yogurt elicits a lower glycemic and insulin response compared to other snacks like cookies and bananas when consumed.
3) Replacing some high GI foods in meals with yogurt is an effective way to lower the overall dietary GI and potentially reduce risk of type 2 diabetes.
"The Effect of Carbohydrate and Protein Supplementation and the Timing of Ing...L. Luketic
The document summarizes a student paper on how the timing of carbohydrate and protein supplementation affects performance and muscle recovery in endurance athletes. It introduces the topic, outlines the paper's structure, and provides background information on nutrition, supplementation, and exercise-induced muscle damage. The significance of optimizing performance and recovery is discussed. A literature review examines supplementation before, during, and after competition and a conclusion is drawn that the best supplement and timing remains inconclusive.
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and Nutrient Timing for Optimal PerformanceThe York School
The document provides an overview of various nutritional supplements and their purported ergogenic effects and safety. It discusses creatine, arginine, beta-alanine, HMB, glutamine, caffeine, and whey protein. For each supplement, it summarizes the claims of effectiveness, proposed mechanisms of action, relevant research on safety and effectiveness for performance and physique adaptations, optimal dosing, and other practical considerations. Safety is the primary concern, and effectiveness requires evidence from biological plausibility and research studies.
Ambrotose AO capsules contain a blend of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants, plant extracts, and fruit and vegetable powders. Three clinical studies found Ambrotose AO capsules increased serum ORAC levels, a measure of antioxidant activity in the blood, by up to 37.4% and serum TEAC by 19%. No adverse effects were reported. Ambrotose AO capsules were shown to have a greater effect on antioxidant levels than adding five servings of fruits and vegetables or high doses of other supplements. The ingredients in Ambrotose AO capsules are considered safe due to traditional use as foods, food nutrients, or dietary supplements.
Yogurt consumption for a healthier diet and lifestyle: overview from cohorts ...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Yogurt is generally considered as a healthy food because of its nutrient composition, its profile of fermented food, and its link with an improved metabolic fitness. Population studies show that yogurt consumers report a greater intake of some nutrients,
e.g. calcium and protein, and fruits and vegetables compared to non-consumers. This is concordant with recent data demonstrating that diet quality is improved in yogurt consumers. Other cohort studies have shown that yogurt consumption is
associated with a reduced body weight over time. Our research experience with the Quebec Family Study reveals that yogurt consumption might be the “signature of a healthy lifestyle”. Indeed, female yogurt consumers report a better macronutrient
composition of the diet than non-consumers; they are also more physically active and display feeding behaviors which are more compatible with body weight stability. This agrees with results of the Infogene Study demonstrating that yogurt consumers
are more prone to adhere to a Prudent dietary pattern whereas non-consumers tend to exhibit a Western pattern. In summary, currently available cohort studies tend to show that yogurt consumption is associated with a healthy eating pattern
and lifestyle.
This document discusses the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to evaluate body composition in athletes. It finds that BIA may provide acceptable estimates of body composition in groups of athletes when testing conditions are well controlled, but has limitations for detecting small changes in individuals. Key factors that need to be controlled include hydration levels, recent exercise, diet, and skin temperature as these can influence impedance measurements. There is also a tendency for BIA to overestimate body fat levels in lean athletes and especially in African American athletes. More research is still needed on the use of BIA in female athletes as well.
See the Seminar at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrsHqIKtXNw
A comprehensive analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Obesity Epidemic, exploring causal factors of appetite control derangement and descent into obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Case study for rugby athlete in rehabilitationDaniel Kapsis
This case study examined an 8-week nutritional intervention for a rugby player undergoing rehabilitation for a shoulder injury. The intervention consisted of a 3,400 kcal per day diet with high protein and carbohydrates, as well as creatine and whey protein supplements. The athlete gained 5.2 kg total, of which 4.9 kg was lean muscle mass while maintaining his body fat percentage. Arm measurements increased significantly, indicating muscle hypertrophy. The intervention successfully helped the athlete rapidly gain muscle mass during rehabilitation without increasing body fat.
The document discusses a study assessing NCAA swimmers' use of sodium bicarbonate (SB), including their knowledge, beliefs, and perceived benefits. It reviews literature showing many athletes consume supplements without fully understanding them. Studies found swimmers commonly use multivitamins and creatine. SB acts as a buffer against lactic acid buildup, potentially improving short-term, high-intensity performance. However, its effects on swimmers specifically are unclear due to limited research. The purpose of this study is to understand NCAA swimmers' SB use, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge.
A meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials found that a high protein diet attenuates weight-loss induced bone loss in healthy adults compared to a normal protein diet. Specifically, higher protein diets were found to possibly attenuate loss of lumbar bone mineral density, though the clinical significance is uncertain. The analysis concluded that higher protein diets can be used for weight loss without negatively impacting bone health in middle-aged women.
1) A 12-week study compared the effects of a high protein, high egg diet to a normal protein diet without eggs on body composition, muscle health, and inflammation in overweight older adults.
2) Both diets resulted in about 3kg of weight loss but the high protein, high egg diet helped retain more lean mass.
3) The high protein, high egg diet did not significantly influence muscle composition, metabolic health markers, or inflammation levels but may be an effective way to increase protein intake and improve body composition during weight loss in older adults.
Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Engineering-02-00046Patricia Funk
This article reviews the role of glutamine, arginine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplements in enhancing athletic performance and benefiting the body during times of stress, illness, and wound healing. It finds that glutamine, arginine, and HMB may help preserve lean body mass, decrease muscle breakdown, and support immune function and wound healing. However, the evidence for their effects on athletic performance is limited and contradictory. Larger, well-designed studies are still needed to define the potential benefits of these supplements for enhancing athletic performance and lean body mass.
The Effects of an Injected Placebo on Endurance Running Performance Presentat...Dru Sin
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of an injected placebo on endurance running performance. Fifteen trained runners completed 3km races before and after receiving either an injected placebo ("OxyRBX") or a control injection. The placebo group saw a statistically significant 2.1% improvement in race time after the injection compared to their pre-injection time and the control group. Qualitative data found that many runners reported feeling less physical effort, enhanced recovery, and increased motivation when taking the placebo. Most participants believed the placebo was a real performance-enhancing substance. The study provides evidence that placebos can significantly improve competitive endurance running performance when administered via injection in a head-to-head competition setting.
Performance Nutrition Considerations for Service Members and Veteransmilfamln
Join the MFLN Nutrition & Wellness team and former Army Dietitian Kimberly Feeney, MS, RD, CSSD for this sports nutrition webinar Performance Nutrition Considerations for Service Members and Veterans. Learn how to assess energy needs, macronutrient needs and timing, fluid needs, supplements, and fad diets affecting athletes. Questions? Contact us at MilFamLN@gmail.com.
Learning Objectives
Following the webinar, participants will be able to:
· Accurately assess energy and nutrient needs and provide a nutrition prescription based on physical activity level.
· Identify potential benefits and risks of popular dietary trends in athletes.
· Objectively evaluate dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness.
Taking too much zinc or pyruvate can negatively impact HDL cholesterol levels. Excessive zinc intake over 50mg per day has been shown to lower HDL levels. Pyruvate is often added to exercise and weight loss supplements but can counteract some of the benefits of exercise on HDL by negating positive effects on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise.
A draft of another seminar I've prepared on a key topic - the video will follow, like/follow this and I'll make sure you get to have a look! (note: the slides without the narrative are in fairness limited in value, but might pique the interest)
Nutrition interventions for frailty and sarcopeniaMary Hickson
Nutritional interventions that may help combat sarcopenia and frailty include protein, essential amino acids, vitamin D, and antioxidants. While protein supplementation shows some promise, the evidence is inconsistent due to variations in study design and populations. Essential amino acid and vitamin D supplementation appear to improve muscle mass and strength, especially in deficient individuals, but more research is still needed. Overall, the evidence suggests protein and vitamin D have the most potential to treat and prevent sarcopenia, but better designed studies are required to provide definitive conclusions.
An Engineering Analysis of the Human Cholesterol Control System, covering the core Biochemistry, control mechanisms, correlative analysis, mechanistic physics, and importantly - the experimental inferences that illustrate root causes of dysfunction.
The document outlines research for an animatic using a low poly and origami art style. It discusses using cardboard textures in experimental stop motion animations. Research covers origami art, low poly fruits, social networks, and underwater racing videos. The goals are to design characters, create a low poly carrot, and understand why making an animatic would be useful.
Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years, the longest of any female monarch in history. However, her great-great-granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II will break this record if she remains on the throne until September 2015. Elizabeth II has been queen since 1952 and will surpass Victoria's 63-year reign later this year.
Chester has a long history dating back to Roman times when it was originally constructed from wood and later stone. In the Middle Ages, Chester was the site of a battle between the Welsh and Saxons that resulted in Saxon control of the city. During this time, Chester was an important port and its main industry was leather production. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Chester continued to be known for its leather industry and wool production, though it suffered from outbreaks of plague like other English towns at the time. New houses were built outside the city walls in the 18th century as Chester expanded its industries to include silver working, lead working and shipbuilding. By the 19th century, Chester had a population of 15,
The document outlines research for an animatic using a low poly and origami art style. It discusses using cardboard textures in experimental stop motion animations. Research covers origami art, low poly fruits, social networks, and underwater racing videos. The goals are to design characters, create a low poly carrot, and understand why making an animatic would be useful.
The document contains a list of names at the top, followed by sections on feedback, character concepts, influences, storyboarding, and animation. It references works like Paranorman, Mad Max: Fury Road, and Miyazaki films. It also includes links to visual references and a Pinterest board for a 15-second animation project.
The document appears to be a production checklist or status report for an animatic project. It lists the names of five people involved and sources of inspiration such as films. It also notes environment work, feedback received, revisions to a storyboard, work in progress on coloring and lighting tests by someone named Sam, and textures that still need to be edited. Outstanding tasks include finishing character rigging, assembling scenes, animation, and editing with sound.
Crowdsourcing Activism discusses using bots to recruit citizens to participate in activism. It describes how activists currently use social media to share their vision and recruit support but it takes a lot of time. Governments and large organizations have been using bots to influence discussions. The paper proposes Botivist, which uses different bot strategies like direct requests, solidarity, gain, and loss to recruit citizens in a cause. A user study found direct strategies generated the most responses and volunteers while solidarity strategies got the most retweets and favorites. Different citizen types engaged more with certain strategies. The research shows bots can recruit citizens for collective action and different audiences react to strategies differently from humans or bots.
The document provides an ideation process and research for a creative project. It includes sections on concept designs, character designs taking inspiration from Wes Anderson films and artists like Dan Burgess, and a narrative structure. References are listed at the end for games, films, and research on the "Black Dog" analogy for depression.
This document discusses the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to evaluate body composition in athletes. It finds that BIA may provide acceptable estimates of body composition in groups of athletes when testing conditions are well controlled, but has limitations for detecting small changes in individuals. Key factors that need to be controlled include hydration levels, recent exercise, diet, and skin temperature as these can influence impedance measurements. There is also a tendency for BIA to overestimate body fat levels in lean athletes and especially in African American athletes. More research is still needed on the use of BIA in female athletes as well.
See the Seminar at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrsHqIKtXNw
A comprehensive analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Obesity Epidemic, exploring causal factors of appetite control derangement and descent into obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Case study for rugby athlete in rehabilitationDaniel Kapsis
This case study examined an 8-week nutritional intervention for a rugby player undergoing rehabilitation for a shoulder injury. The intervention consisted of a 3,400 kcal per day diet with high protein and carbohydrates, as well as creatine and whey protein supplements. The athlete gained 5.2 kg total, of which 4.9 kg was lean muscle mass while maintaining his body fat percentage. Arm measurements increased significantly, indicating muscle hypertrophy. The intervention successfully helped the athlete rapidly gain muscle mass during rehabilitation without increasing body fat.
The document discusses a study assessing NCAA swimmers' use of sodium bicarbonate (SB), including their knowledge, beliefs, and perceived benefits. It reviews literature showing many athletes consume supplements without fully understanding them. Studies found swimmers commonly use multivitamins and creatine. SB acts as a buffer against lactic acid buildup, potentially improving short-term, high-intensity performance. However, its effects on swimmers specifically are unclear due to limited research. The purpose of this study is to understand NCAA swimmers' SB use, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge.
A meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials found that a high protein diet attenuates weight-loss induced bone loss in healthy adults compared to a normal protein diet. Specifically, higher protein diets were found to possibly attenuate loss of lumbar bone mineral density, though the clinical significance is uncertain. The analysis concluded that higher protein diets can be used for weight loss without negatively impacting bone health in middle-aged women.
1) A 12-week study compared the effects of a high protein, high egg diet to a normal protein diet without eggs on body composition, muscle health, and inflammation in overweight older adults.
2) Both diets resulted in about 3kg of weight loss but the high protein, high egg diet helped retain more lean mass.
3) The high protein, high egg diet did not significantly influence muscle composition, metabolic health markers, or inflammation levels but may be an effective way to increase protein intake and improve body composition during weight loss in older adults.
Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Engineering-02-00046Patricia Funk
This article reviews the role of glutamine, arginine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplements in enhancing athletic performance and benefiting the body during times of stress, illness, and wound healing. It finds that glutamine, arginine, and HMB may help preserve lean body mass, decrease muscle breakdown, and support immune function and wound healing. However, the evidence for their effects on athletic performance is limited and contradictory. Larger, well-designed studies are still needed to define the potential benefits of these supplements for enhancing athletic performance and lean body mass.
The Effects of an Injected Placebo on Endurance Running Performance Presentat...Dru Sin
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of an injected placebo on endurance running performance. Fifteen trained runners completed 3km races before and after receiving either an injected placebo ("OxyRBX") or a control injection. The placebo group saw a statistically significant 2.1% improvement in race time after the injection compared to their pre-injection time and the control group. Qualitative data found that many runners reported feeling less physical effort, enhanced recovery, and increased motivation when taking the placebo. Most participants believed the placebo was a real performance-enhancing substance. The study provides evidence that placebos can significantly improve competitive endurance running performance when administered via injection in a head-to-head competition setting.
Performance Nutrition Considerations for Service Members and Veteransmilfamln
Join the MFLN Nutrition & Wellness team and former Army Dietitian Kimberly Feeney, MS, RD, CSSD for this sports nutrition webinar Performance Nutrition Considerations for Service Members and Veterans. Learn how to assess energy needs, macronutrient needs and timing, fluid needs, supplements, and fad diets affecting athletes. Questions? Contact us at MilFamLN@gmail.com.
Learning Objectives
Following the webinar, participants will be able to:
· Accurately assess energy and nutrient needs and provide a nutrition prescription based on physical activity level.
· Identify potential benefits and risks of popular dietary trends in athletes.
· Objectively evaluate dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness.
Taking too much zinc or pyruvate can negatively impact HDL cholesterol levels. Excessive zinc intake over 50mg per day has been shown to lower HDL levels. Pyruvate is often added to exercise and weight loss supplements but can counteract some of the benefits of exercise on HDL by negating positive effects on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise.
A draft of another seminar I've prepared on a key topic - the video will follow, like/follow this and I'll make sure you get to have a look! (note: the slides without the narrative are in fairness limited in value, but might pique the interest)
Nutrition interventions for frailty and sarcopeniaMary Hickson
Nutritional interventions that may help combat sarcopenia and frailty include protein, essential amino acids, vitamin D, and antioxidants. While protein supplementation shows some promise, the evidence is inconsistent due to variations in study design and populations. Essential amino acid and vitamin D supplementation appear to improve muscle mass and strength, especially in deficient individuals, but more research is still needed. Overall, the evidence suggests protein and vitamin D have the most potential to treat and prevent sarcopenia, but better designed studies are required to provide definitive conclusions.
An Engineering Analysis of the Human Cholesterol Control System, covering the core Biochemistry, control mechanisms, correlative analysis, mechanistic physics, and importantly - the experimental inferences that illustrate root causes of dysfunction.
The document outlines research for an animatic using a low poly and origami art style. It discusses using cardboard textures in experimental stop motion animations. Research covers origami art, low poly fruits, social networks, and underwater racing videos. The goals are to design characters, create a low poly carrot, and understand why making an animatic would be useful.
Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years, the longest of any female monarch in history. However, her great-great-granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II will break this record if she remains on the throne until September 2015. Elizabeth II has been queen since 1952 and will surpass Victoria's 63-year reign later this year.
Chester has a long history dating back to Roman times when it was originally constructed from wood and later stone. In the Middle Ages, Chester was the site of a battle between the Welsh and Saxons that resulted in Saxon control of the city. During this time, Chester was an important port and its main industry was leather production. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Chester continued to be known for its leather industry and wool production, though it suffered from outbreaks of plague like other English towns at the time. New houses were built outside the city walls in the 18th century as Chester expanded its industries to include silver working, lead working and shipbuilding. By the 19th century, Chester had a population of 15,
The document outlines research for an animatic using a low poly and origami art style. It discusses using cardboard textures in experimental stop motion animations. Research covers origami art, low poly fruits, social networks, and underwater racing videos. The goals are to design characters, create a low poly carrot, and understand why making an animatic would be useful.
The document contains a list of names at the top, followed by sections on feedback, character concepts, influences, storyboarding, and animation. It references works like Paranorman, Mad Max: Fury Road, and Miyazaki films. It also includes links to visual references and a Pinterest board for a 15-second animation project.
The document appears to be a production checklist or status report for an animatic project. It lists the names of five people involved and sources of inspiration such as films. It also notes environment work, feedback received, revisions to a storyboard, work in progress on coloring and lighting tests by someone named Sam, and textures that still need to be edited. Outstanding tasks include finishing character rigging, assembling scenes, animation, and editing with sound.
Crowdsourcing Activism discusses using bots to recruit citizens to participate in activism. It describes how activists currently use social media to share their vision and recruit support but it takes a lot of time. Governments and large organizations have been using bots to influence discussions. The paper proposes Botivist, which uses different bot strategies like direct requests, solidarity, gain, and loss to recruit citizens in a cause. A user study found direct strategies generated the most responses and volunteers while solidarity strategies got the most retweets and favorites. Different citizen types engaged more with certain strategies. The research shows bots can recruit citizens for collective action and different audiences react to strategies differently from humans or bots.
The document provides an ideation process and research for a creative project. It includes sections on concept designs, character designs taking inspiration from Wes Anderson films and artists like Dan Burgess, and a narrative structure. References are listed at the end for games, films, and research on the "Black Dog" analogy for depression.
The document provides information about traveling to the United Kingdom. It begins with warmup questions about travel preferences. It then has matching exercises to connect UK-related words with their translations. The document discusses the fastest way to travel to the UK by plane or ferry. It notes key details about the English Channel and Dover harbor. The rest of the document gives an overview of the UK, noting it consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and is surrounded by seas. It highlights geographic features like the Thames River, Ben Nevis mountain, and Loch Lomond lake.
The document summarizes Christopher Vogler's concept of the hero's journey narrative structure. It describes the "Tests, Allies and Enemies" phase, where the hero enters a special world and faces trials to build skills for the upcoming ordeal. During this phase, the hero encounters both allies who help them, and enemies or antagonists who oppose them. The document then discusses how the hero progresses to the "Approach to the Inmost Cave" phase, where they prepare to confront the central challenge represented by the cave.
Chronic limb ischemia by Muhamad Fathy (MD)Muhamad Zaidan
This document discusses the examination of chronic limb ischemia. It covers four parts: history taking including complaints like pain, color changes, and tissue loss; inspection of the limb looking at gangrene, ulcers, color, and pulses; palpation of pulses, sensation, gangrenous tissue, and wasting; and special tests including Buerger's test, venous refilling test, and tests for thoracic outlet syndrome like Adson's test and Wright's hyperabduction test. The document provides detailed descriptions of examination findings and procedures for each part of the examination.
Researchers from UNAM and UCSB used participatory action research to understand how stoves are used in indigenous Mexican villages. They designed new efficient stoves from locally available clay and sand that were easier for women to maintain, as women are often left in charge of households while men work in the US. The researchers involved villagers in collectively building and distributing the stoves using an existing local tradition of communal work. After 5 years, the participatory stoves had the highest acceptance in rural Mexico, replacing bonfires by 80% while lasting longer than previous stove implementations due to incorporating local practices.
The document discusses the future simple tense in English grammar. It provides examples of how to form the future simple tense using will or shall, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. It then gives examples of how to use the future simple tense with time expressions like tomorrow, next week, etc. The document concludes with exercises asking students to practice forming future simple tense sentences, answering questions, and role playing short dialogues.
This document provides an overview of how to perform an abdominal examination, including the key steps and techniques. It begins with an anatomical review of the organs located in each abdominal quadrant. It then details how to properly position the patient and prepare for the exam. The core components of the abdominal exam are described in the recommended order of inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Specific techniques for examining organs like the liver, spleen, and kidneys are outlined. The document concludes with descriptions of how to assess for possible conditions like ascites, acute abdomen, and acute pancreatitis based on exam findings.
anatomy of the lower extremity veins, CVI , ambulatory venous hypertension, varicose veins , clinical examination and performance of various tests of the varicose veins
Operationalising World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations Using an Index Score
ISBNPA 3-6 June 2015
Giota Mitrou PhD MSc
Head of Research Funding & Science External Relations
World Cancer Research Fund International
This seminar explores the potential connection between two inositol stereoisomers supplements and improvements in insulin sensitivity and various metabolic parameters.
Physical Activity in the Management of Abdominal ObesityMy Healthy Waist
By Robert Ross, PhD, Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
“Health implications of sugar and need for appropriate policy perspectives” by Nayanjeet Chaudhury.
- Paper presented at • Thirteenth International seminar on “Prevention of non-communicable diseases”, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation with University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, and Florida International University (FIU), USA, 23-25 Jan, 2015, Chennai
Combining insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists like Victoza provides complementary benefits for managing type 2 diabetes. Studies show adding Victoza to basal insulin regimens results in: improved glycemic control as shown by greater reductions in HbA1c levels of around 1%; weight loss or weight neutral effects compared to weight gain with insulin alone; and a low risk of hypoglycemia. The combination helps address insulin's limitations of weight gain and variability in glucose lowering by enhancing insulin's effects and reducing glucagon secretion from Victoza. Overall, combining these therapies provides effective glycemic control while minimizing side effects.
Dr Cindy Gray's keynote speech 'Positive Aspects of Weight Loss...from Men!' at the SCPN's 'Be Active Against Cancer' conference, Tuesday 4th February 2014.
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Pig Nutritional Requirements for Calcium, Phosphorus and ...John Blue
Pig Nutritional Requirements for Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D - Dr. Pedro Urriola, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
Hypertrophic obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired adipogen...My Healthy Waist
By Ulf Smith, MD, PhD, Professor of Internal Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
This document discusses the use of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in managing diabetes. It presents three case studies of patients with diabetes and cardiovascular complications who may benefit from SGLT2i treatment. It summarizes clinical trial data showing that empagliflozin lowers HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and blood pressure compared to other antidiabetic drugs. Empagliflozin also reduces visceral and subcutaneous fat. The document concludes that SGLT2i like empagliflozin provide glycemic control and cardiovascular benefits and can be considered as an addition to metformin for treating diabetes.
The document discusses obesity, including its definition, classification, prevalence, causes, comorbidities, and treatment approaches. Some key points include:
- Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher and is classified based on BMI levels. It affects over 19% of adults in the US and over 32% in Kuwait.
- Factors contributing to obesity include an energy imbalance where calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure. Hypothalamus plays a role in regulating hunger and satiety.
- Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, as well as potential drug therapies or surgery for
This document discusses broiler chicken lighting programs and their effects on performance. It covers:
Light Intensity (lux)
24
23
18
0
1
6
20-60
20-60
---> 5-10**
15
18
23
23
9
6
1
1
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-10 ---> increase****
* Age at which to make light change.
** Light intensity can be decreased to 5-10 lux after light restriction begins.
*** If thinning a flock, follow the program for the whole flock. After the flock is thinned, revert back to
This document discusses assessing a patient's diet and using low-calorie diets (LCD) and very low-calorie diets (VLCD) for weight loss and management. It provides information on factors that influence food choices, differences between plant-based and Western diets, strategies for changing diet and lifestyle, and using meal replacements and customizing protein intake as part of a weight loss plan.
Dr. Eric Berg - USDA Dietary Guidelines: Why aren't they telling us to eat li...John Blue
USDA Dietary Guidelines: Why aren't they telling us to eat like pigs? - Dr. Eric Berg, North Dakota State University, from the 2018 Iowa Pork Congress, January 24 - 25, 2018, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-iowa-pork-congress
Food Fortification, Benefits And Challenges, Dr. Madhvan Nair, Scientist F & ...MohamadAzizi16
K.Madhavan Nair presented on the benefits and challenges of food fortification. Key points include:
- Food fortification with micronutrients like iodine, iron, folic acid, and vitamin D has significantly reduced global deficiencies and related health issues.
- Studies show food fortification programs effectively increase micronutrient levels and reduce anemia, neural tube defects, and other issues.
- In India, salt, rice, wheat, and milk are vehicles for fortification. Programs there have shown positive impacts, but challenges remain in fully addressing micronutrient deficiencies.
- While efficacious, food fortification programs face challenges in implementation, costs, achieving full
YOGURT CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LESS WEIGHT GAIN OVER TIME - Professor ...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Latest studies confirm association of yogurt consumption with less weight gain over time and a reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese. The potential benefits of yogurt consumption to reduce weight gain over time have been confirmed in several recently-reported studies discussed today (1,2). Scientists have found that regular yogurt consumption is associated with less weight gain and a reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese. Speaking to public health officials at the III World Congress of Public Health Nutrition in Spain, Professor Frans J Kok from the Division of Human Nutrition at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, underlined the potentially unique role of daily yogurt consumption for weight management. However, he also highlighted the need for randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies to help understand how this might occur.
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...John Blue
Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current State of the Industry - Dr. Pedro Urriola, Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Recent research on vitamin requirement of modern swine breeds under current husbandry conditions is limited; tabular recommendations may underestimate the actual needs of growing pigs and breeding sows.
Clinical / subclinical vitamin deficiency can still occur within industrial swine production:
optimum vitamin supplementation prevents from deficiency and
exploits the genetic performance potential of swine.
Superior dietary supplementation levels of certain vitamins do provide additional value, such as improved stress and disease resistance, adequate welfare or better product quality.
By Juliana C N Chan, MBChB, MD, FRCP Professor of Medicine & Therapeutics, Director, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
1) Exercise without weight loss is associated with a 10-20% reduction in intra-abdominal fat and waist circumference, while exercise with weight loss leads to greater reductions of 30% in intra-abdominal fat and waist circumference.
2) Rimonabant, a CB1 receptor antagonist, was associated with 4.1-9% placebo-subtracted improvements in weight, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in clinical trials.
3) Lifestyle interventions emphasizing diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 58% compared to 31% for metformin and 7% for placebo.
BIO150 – Nutrition Unit 3 Assignment NutritionCalc PluChantellPantoja184
BIO150 – Nutrition
Unit 3 Assignment: NutritionCalc Plus Report
Copyright 2022 Post University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Due Date: 11:59 pm EST Sunday of Unit 3
Points: 50
Overview:
For this assignment, you will follow the NutritionCalc Plus Instructions document to input
the information from your Food Journal assignment in Unit 2. You will analyze your
report using the information from NutritionCalc.
Instructions:
• Using the Word document attached to this assignment, create your NutritionCalc
profile.
o Enter your data from the Food Journal assignment into NutritionCalc.
• View and save your All Daily Reports in a PDF document. This document should
include:
o Recommendations.
o Bar Graph Report.
o Spreadsheet Report.
o Macronutrient Distribution.
o Calorie Assessment.
o Nutrition Facts.
o My Plate.
o Food List Report.
• Include the following information in a separate document:
o Refer to your All Daily Report from NutritionCalc. On the MyPlate Report, you will
see Intake vs. Recommendation.
§ Take a look at either the fruit or vegetable category.
§ Explain why underconsumption of this food group can be a concern for
well-being.
§ Discuss how this food group functions in relation to health.
§ Identify and discuss two specific nutrients found in this food group. What
health issues or symptoms can arise if these nutrients are missing from
the diet?
§ Compare and contrast your intake vs. the recommendation.
• How do you plan to increase your consumption if necessary?
Copyright 2022 Post University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Requirements:
• Submit a Word document in APA format for the questions.
• Submit a PDF document containing all of the areas listed for the NutritionCalc
Report.
Be sure to read the criteria below by which your work will be evaluated before
you write and again after you write.
Copyright 2022 Post University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Evaluation Rubric for Unit 3 Assignment
CRITERIA Deficient Needs
Improvement
Proficient Exemplary
(0-25 points) (26-49 points) (50-69 points) (70-80 points)
NutritionCalc
Report
The
NutritionCalc
Report is not
attached or is
missing most
of the key
components.
The
NutritionCalc
Report is
missing some
of the key
components.
The
NutritionCalc
Report is
missing one or
two key
components.
The
NutritionCalc
Report
includes all of
the key
components.
(0-8 points) (9-14 points) (15-18 points) (19-20 points)
NutritionCalc
Analysis
Questions
The follow-up
questions
about the
NutritionCalc
report are not
answered.
Some of the
follow-up
questions
about the
NutritionCalc
report are
answered.
Most of the
follow-up
questions
about the
NutritionCalc
report are
answered.
All of the
follow-up
questions
about the
NutritionCalc
report are
answered.
The discussion of socialization theories, such as social control and social learning, have focus ...
BIO150 – Nutrition Unit 3 Assignment NutritionCalc Plu
EB presentation 8_Final
1. THE INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL ADIPOSITY
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
25(OH)D AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY
Wright CS,1 Weinheimer-Haus EM1, Fleet JC1,
Peacock M2, Campbell WW1
1Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
2Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
2. Vitamin D
• Wide spread vitamin D insufficiency
• 2/3rd of all Americans have low 25(OH)D
• Glucose homeostasis
• 2003-2004 NHANES: 25(OH)D (-) HOMA-IR
• Framingham Heart Study: 25(OH)D (-) fasting insulin
• Hyperglycemic euglycemic: 25(OH)D (-) fasting glucose, (+) ISI
• VD = Insulin Resistance & Diabetes
Ginde AA et al, Arch Intern Med, 2009; Lips P, Endocrin Rev, 2001
Wacker M, Nutrients, 2013; Reis JP et al, Eur J Endo, 2008
Cheng S et al, Diabetes, 2010; Lee DM et al, Eur J Endo, 2009
3. Increased Adiposity Lower 25(OH)D
• BMI & Vitamin D
• Overweight (24%) and Obese (55%) less likely to be VD sufficient
• ‘13 Sys & Meta (n=34) 25(OH)D (-) BMI
• Central adiposity is a strong predictor of VD status
• Visceral fat (VAT) independently assoc. 25(OH)D
• VAT negatively associated with glucose tolerance
• Higher VAT increasing the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes
• VAT = VD & Insulin Resistance & Diabetes
Samuel et al, Ann Epidemiol, 2013; Saneei P et al, Obes Revs, 2013
Hao Y et al, Plos One, 2014; Yamashita S et al, Diabetes Care, 1996
Vague J, Am J Clin Nutr, 1956; Carr BR et al, Diabetes, 2002
Boyko EJ et al, Diabetes Care, 2000; Hayashi T et al, Diabetes Care, 2003
4. Is There a Connection?
Regional
Adiposity
Low Vitamin
D Status
Insulin
Resistance
?
? ?
5. Is Adiposity the Driving Force Behind
the Apparent Relationship Between
25(OH)D and Insulin Resistance?
• BMI-adjusted & Waist circumference-adjusted
• VD & insulin resistance relationship persists
• Attenuated or lost
• Influence of regional adiposity?
• Will the VD & insulin resistance relationship persist?
6. Objective & Aims
To assess the influence of regional adiposity on the
relationship between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance.
1. Total fat mass or regional adiposity which predicts VD?
• Adiposity & VD: Central adiposity predicts 25(OH)D
2. What are the independent effects of regional adiposity
and 25(OH)D on glucose and insulin markers?
• Adiposity & VD: (+) insulin resistance
3. How does adjusting for regional adiposity or 25(OH)D
affect their relationship to insulin and glucose markers?
• Adjusting for central adiposity - significance lost between 25(OH)D and markers
• Adjusting for 25(OH)D - significance unchanged
7. Methods
• Original Study
• Baseline data was used from a double-blind, placebo-controlled,
community-based, randomized 36-week intent-to-treat study
• N=336, age: 48.3 ± 7.7 y, Overweight and obese adults
• Body Composition
• DXA (LUNAR iDXA)
• Peripheral (appendicular & gynoid) and central (android) adiposity
• Blood Analysis
• 12-h overnight fasting blood samples, followed by OGTT
• Radioimmunoassay 25(OH)D
• Statistical Analysis (MLR)
• Model 1 - age, sex, and race
• Model 2 – age, sex, race, and 25(OH)D
• Model 3 – age, sex, race, and android FMI
8. Baseline Characteristics (n=336)
Adiposity Measures Mean (±SD) Mean (±SD)
BMI 30.4 (2.8) Gynoid Fat Mass (kg) 6.4 (1.5)
Total Fat Mass (kg) 35.5 (6.3) Gynoid Body Fat % 47.1 (9.6)
Total FMI 12.4 (2.5) Gynoid FMI 2.3 (0.6)
Total Body Fat % 40.8 (6.4)
Appendicular Fat Mass (kg) 38.5 (9.5) Android Fat Mass (kg) 3.6 (0.9)
Appendicular Body Fat % 11.4 (3.0) Android Body Fat % 52.2 (6.4)
Appendicular FMI 38.7 (8.9) Android FMI 1.3 (0.3)
Glucose Measures Vitamin D
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) 95.3 (9.6) 25(OH)D (ng/ml) 24.0 (7.5)
Fasting Insulin (μIU/ml) 11.3 (6.1)
2hr-Glucose (mg/dL) 121.3 (35.3) S. Insuff 8.1-15 ng/ml 8.6%
2hr-Insulin (μIU/ml) 74.5 (65.1) M. Insuff 15.1-20 ng/ml 20.8%
Glucose AUC (mg/dL)*min 22532.3 (4518.6) Sufficiency 20.1-30 ng/ml 52.1%
Insulin AUC (μIU/ml)*min 12254.3 (7818.7) >30.1 ng/ml 18.5%
HOMA-IR 2.8 (1.8)
ISI 5.0 (3.1)
9. Total Fat Mass or Regional Adiposity?
• Measurements of adiposity were negatively associated with
VD after controlling for age, sex, and race
• Generalized adiposity
• BMI (Beta: -0.122, p-value=0.027)
• Total FMI (Beta: -0.161, p-value=0.018)
• Regional adiposity
• Android FMI (Beta: -0.113, p-value=0.042)
10. Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg) 0.179 0.001 0.321 <0.001 0.328 <0.001 -0.353 <0.001
Android Body Fat % 0.100 0.099 0.181 0.003 0.184 0.002 -0.317 <0.001
Android FMI 0.170 0.002 0.315 <0.001 0.312 <0.001 -0.373 <0.001
Peripheral Adiposity
Appendic. Fat Mass (kg) -0.052 0.457 0.014 0.845 0.041 0.563 0.079 0.258
Appendic. FMI -0.102 0.244 0.011 0.900 0.022 0.801 0.068 0.438
Gynoid Fat Mass (kg) -0.050 0.465 0.003 0.970 0.030 0.661 0.049 0.470
Gynoid Body Fat % -0.292 0.010 -0.303 0.008 -0.279 0.015 0.221 0.053
Gynoid FMI -0.096 0.261 -0.003 0.974 0.010 0.910 0.024 0.781
Regional Adiposity On Glucose and Insulin?
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race * Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)
Android Body Fat %
Android FMI
Peripheral Adiposity
Appendic. Fat Mass (kg)
Appendic. FMI
Gynoid Fat Mass (kg)
Gynoid Body Fat %
Gynoid FMI
12. Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)* 0.179 0.001 0.321 <0.001 0.328 <0.001 -0.353 <0.001
Android Body Fat % 0.100 0.099 0.181 0.003 0.184 0.002 -0.317 <0.001
Android FMI* 0.170 0.002 0.315 <0.001 0.312 <0.001 -0.373 <0.001
25(OH)D
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)* 0.175 0.002 0.313 <0.001 0.323 <0.001 -0.352 <0.001
Android Body Fat % 0.093 0.128 0.169 0.005 0.176 0.004 -0.315 <0.001
Android FMI* 0.164 0.003 0.305 <0.001 0.306 <0.001 -0.371 <0.001
Is Significance Effected by Vitamin D Status?
Model 2: Controlling for Age, Sex, Race, and 25(OH)D
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)*
Android Body Fat %
Android FMI*
25(OH)D
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)*
Android Body Fat %
Android FMI*
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race
* Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
13. Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)* 0.179 0.001 0.321 <0.001 0.328 <0.001 -0.353 <0.001
Android Body Fat % 0.100 0.099 0.181 0.003 0.184 0.002 -0.317 <0.001
Android FMI* 0.170 0.002 0.315 <0.001 0.312 <0.001 -0.373 <0.001
25(OH)D
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Central Adiposity
Android Fat Mass (kg)* 0.175 0.002 0.313 <0.001 0.323 <0.001 -0.352 <0.001
Android Body Fat % 0.093 0.128 0.169 0.005 0.176 0.004 -0.315 <0.001
Android FMI* 0.164 0.003 0.305 <0.001 0.306 <0.001 -0.371 <0.001
Is Significance Effected by Vitamin D Status?
Model 2: Controlling for Age, Sex, Race, and 25(OH)D
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race
* Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
14. Vitamin D On Glucose and Insulin?
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.073 0.186 -0.114 0.037 -0.085 0.121 0.047 0.390
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml)
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race * Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
15. Vitamin D On Glucose and Insulin?
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.073 0.186 -0.114 0.037 -0.085 0.121 0.047 0.390
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race * Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
16. Android FMI
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.054 0.346 -0.080 0.129 -0.085 0.127 0.059 0.290
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.073 0.186 -0.114 0.037 -0.085 0.121 0.047 0.390
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race
Model 2: Controlling for Age, Sex, Race, and Android FMI
Adjusting for Regional Adiposity?
* Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
Android FMI
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml)
17. Android FMI
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.054 0.346 -0.080 0.129 -0.085 0.127 0.059 0.290
Fasting Glucose Fasting Insulin HOMA-IR ISI
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) -0.073 0.186 -0.114 0.037 -0.085 0.121 0.047 0.390
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race
Model 2: Controlling for Age, Sex, Race, and Android FMI
Adjusting for Regional Adiposity?
* Comparable results for AUC and 2hr markers
18. Summary
• Android adiposity
• fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance
• insulin sensitivity & 25(OH)D
• 25(OH)D (-) fasting insulin
• Lost after android FMI or other markers of central adiposity added
19. Conclusion
• The apparent association between 25(OH)D and insulin
sensitivity is largely mediated by central adiposity.
• Decreasing adiposity, particularly central adiposity, should
be considered an important strategy for improving vitamin
D status and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
20. Acknowledgements
• Principle Investigator
• Wayne Campbell, PhD
Co-Investigators
• Original Study
• Eileen Weinheimer-Haus, PhD
• Vitamin D
• James C Fleet, PhD
• Munro Peacock, PhD
• Funding Sources
• U.S. Whey Protein Research Consortium
• NIH T32AG025671
• CTSI UL1TR001108
• USDA Obesity Doctoral Fellowship
Current Lab Staff
• Jung Eun Kim, PhD, RD
• Jing Zhou
• Drew Sayer, MS
• Christian Wright, MS
• Jia Li, MS
• Susannah Gordon, MS, RD
• Akua Amnakwaah
• Amy Wright, RD
• Anne Wilcox, RD
• Jan Green
• Doug Maish
26. 2hr-Glucose 2hr-Insulin Glucose AUC Insulin AUC
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) 0.049 0.373 -0.083 0.131 0.020 0.711 -0.106 0.052
Model 2: Controlling for Age, Sex, Race, and Android FMI
Model 1: Controlling for Age, Sex, and Race
Android FMI
2hr-Glucose 2hr-Insulin Glucose AUC Insulin AUC
Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value Beta P-value
Vitamin D
25(OH)D (ng/ml) 0.074 0.177 -0.056 0.299 0.047 0.383 -0.076 0.149
Editor's Notes
25(OH)D not 25OHD
Capitalize title text
Hypothesize “WE”
Epi and clinically both –general statement – points followed (NHANES etc)
No sample
No ned to summarize
Flow chart
Objective different from title?
Range of 25OHD
Total fat
Then
Divide in regions
G vs. and
Cen vs. peri
Fasting
Fasting
Controlling for Vitamin D Does Not Change The Adiposity and Glucose Relationship
Repeat data with and without 2nd model
Controlling for Vitamin D Does Not Change The Adiposity and Glucose Relationship
Repeat data with and without 2nd model
Fasting, HOMA, ISI
* similar results with AUC and 2hr
Fasting, HOMA, ISI
* similar results with AUC and 2hr
Fasting, HOMA, ISI
* similar results with AUC and 2hr
Fasting, HOMA, ISI
* similar results with AUC and 2hr
Answer Aims - Summary
conclusion slide
Funding USDA
New CTSI #
S17
Removed Mechanisms from Vitamin D and INsulin Resistance Intro Slide - Dont think I need it. If people want to know they can ask. Thoughts?
Removed the point regarding the direct relationship between Fat and vitamin D. Gives a little more strength to my argument, but its also a little distracting. Thoughts?
Added a summation line for each intro slide
Slope of the relationship. Box p-value
Total fat
Then
Divide in regions
G vs. and
Cen vs. peri
Editted the reference format