Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (16)
Similar to EAS199 Design Project Final Presentation
Similar to EAS199 Design Project Final Presentation (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
EAS199 Design Project Final Presentation
- 1. 1 EAS199 BOAT DESIGN GROUP I1-D NATHANIEL BORST FRANK IEMMETI JASON SCHANIL RIDWAN SADIQ ORSON ZHONG EAS199 SECTION I DR. HAGGERTY 11/ 28/ 2016
- 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES/PROBLEM DEFINITION 2GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 3. 3 CONCEPTUAL MODEL OVERVIEW GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 PROBLEM DEFINITION: ➢ Ability to race a minimum of 5 meters in the shortest time possible ➢ Use materials that are buoyant and light ➢ Build within given size restraints ➢ Use batteries that will help maximize the performance of the boat KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS 1. Best time for vehicle to complete course 2. Weight of the boat 3. Voltage of the battery SWITCH BATTERY MOTOR GUTTER WIDTH: 9CM GUTTER LENGTH: 5M WATER LEVEL 6CM HULL HEIGHT: 2.5CM OVERALL LENGTH: 24.5CM
- 4. CONCEPTUAL MODEL 4GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 GUTTER WIDTH: 9CM GUTTER LENGTH: 5M WATER LEVEL: 6CM BATTERY SWITCH MOTOR PROPELLER RED WIRES BLACK WIRE FOAM HULL BOAT WIDTH: 8CM BOAT HEIGHT: 2.5CM OVERALL LENGTH 24.5CM
- 5. GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 5GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 6. IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN FACTORS 6GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 DESIGN FACTORS IDENTIFIED Number of Batteries Number of Propeller Blades Number of Motors Color of the Boat Weight of Boat Technology Available Onboard Design of Front of Hull Exterior Protective Layer
- 7. LINK TO PERFORMANCE METRICS 7GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 DESIGN FACTORS IDENTIFIED KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS Number of Batteries Number of Motors Number of Propeller Blades Weight of Boat Design of Front of Hull Color of the Boat Technology Available Onboard Exterior Protective Layer 1. Time for vehicle to complete course 2. Weight of the boat 3. Voltage of battery
- 8. COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES 8GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 9. 9 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN 1 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN 2 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN 3 DESCRIPTION Add multiple propellers to current design Use water bottle as hull for the boat design Just carve out room for parts in block of styrofoam ADVANTAGES More thrust and acceleration Readily available, Buoyant, Would simply need to cut bottle in half horizontally Buoyant and Lightweight DISADVANTAGES More components mean boat would have to be bigger than specified dimensions Difficult to keep upright; preventing it from rolling over from side to side Lots of drag, no water resistance, boxy and rectangular design TRADEOFFS More speed but boat would be too big Bottle easily attainable but difficult to keep stable Very suitable material for boat but lacks aerodynamics GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 10. MODELING OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 10GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 11. INITIAL DESIGN 11GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 DESIGN CONFIGURATION For our initial design, we decided to use foam that was 8 centimeters wide and 18.5 centimeters long cut in the shape of a normal boat. Also, we placed place the battery towards the front and motor towards the front- middle of the boat so that the shaft has room to operate. We also cut an area where the motor was placed so that the motor sat i propeller could be submerged into the water. The thickness of the boat itself is 2.5 centimeter.
- 12. CIRCUIT IN SERIES INITIAL PERFORMANCE 12 MOTOR SWITCH BATTERY RED WIRE BLACK WIRE TO PROPELLER GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 What is the total mass of your electric motorboat and batteries? m= .170 kg What is the average time it took your boat to race 5 meters? tave= 11.33 s Calculate the average speed of your boat. vave= .441 m/s Using ∆d = ½ at2, calculate the average acceleration of your boat. a= .078 m/s2 Calculate the average net force that accelerated your boat forward. F= .013 N Use the average speed to calculate your boat’s kinetic energy. KE= .017 J Is the acceleration of your boat constant during a race? Why or why not? The acceleration of the boat is not constant during a race, This is because of certain factors such as the boat getting caught on the side lip stopping the boat completely or because the boat is constantly rubbing against one side of the track slowing down as it rubs the side then going faster once it frees itself. What law explains that the force forward on the boat is equal to the force backward on the __________? Newton’s Third Law of Motion
- 13. 13GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 Did you wire your circuit in series or parallel? How do you know? Our circuit is wired in series. We can tell because there is one red wire going to a switch then to the motor and one black wire coming from the motor to the battery. What was the maximum voltage your motor received? V= 9.15 V Measure using a multimeter in EAS 199 Lab, the dc resistance of your motor. R= 11.3 Ω Using Ohm’s Law, calculate the current through the motor. I= .810 A Calculate the electrical power delivered to the motor. P= 7.409 W Calculate the total energy delivered to the motor during a 5 m drag race. E= 83.945 J Compare this electrical energy (E) to the kinetic energy of the boat (KE). Which is greater? Why? The electrical energy is greater than the kinetic energy of the boat because the circuit is creating work at a constant rate compared to doing work over a certain distance. Give two ways you could improve your boat’s acceleration (besides increasing battery power). a. Decrease overall weight of the boat B. Redistribute the weight so it's more towards the middle and back of the boat KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS DESCRIPTION VALUE 1. Best time for vehicle to complete course 11.33 Seconds 2. Weight of the boat .170 Kilograms 3. Voltage of the battery 9.15 Volts INITIAL PERFORMANCE
- 14. 14 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR EACH CONFIGURATION TESTED CONFIGURATION TESTED PERFORMANCE METRICS m tave vave a F KE V R I P E PRE-FINAL EXPERIMENT .170 11.33 .441 .078 .013 .017 9.15 11.3 .810 7.409 83.945 FINAL CONFIGURATION .162 10.30 .485 .094 .015 .019 9.18 14.1 .651 5.977 61.561 GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 15. SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL SEQUENCES 15GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 SUMMARY LIST OF EXPERIMENTS Experiment 1 - Initial testing; bare shaped base and no modifications with materials given such as full length shaft and first time electrical connections together. Outcome; boat did move, however, in the opposite direction and shaft was hitting bottom of gutter Experiment 2 - Shortened the shaft of the propeller, switched leads on motor, glued the white tube to hull to keep shaft in one position, and added duct tape to outside and underneath to keep foam dry. Outcome; boat was able to move more efficiently and also move in the correct direction, however, boat was front heavy from battery and propeller assembly would come apart causing shaft assembly to disassemble by itself Experiment 3 - Glued propeller assembly to shaft and shaft to rubber tubing that connects motor. Also, glued a hex nut for added weight on back of boat and brought up duct tape past base to protect from water getting into electrical components. Outcome; boat successfully moved without any problems, propeller and shaft assembly stayed intact and weight was evenly distributed throughout design TWO FACTOR FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT WEIGHT DISTRIBUTI ON FRONT MIDDLE BACK FRONT Front- Heavy More weight mid- front Evenly distributed MIDDLE Mid-forward heavy Even but only in one spot Mid-aft heavy BACK Evenly distributed Mid-aft heavy Back heavy
- 16. PERFORMANCE AT FINAL TESTING 16GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 Final performance time: 10.30 SECONDS EFFICIENCY: 1. Output relative to power available in circuit: 5.977 WATTS 2. Output relative to kinetic energy: .O19 JOULES
- 17. ENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS 17GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016
- 18. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 18GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 Our design was successful in the aspect that we were able to get our boat to move across the track in a very suitable time. The boat could improve with the tube leading to the back motor. I noticed the line to the motor curving slightly. This can attribute to the way in which we can change the model of the boat. For example the minor flaws can easily be fixed.
- 19. FUTURE RESEARCH 19GROUP I1-D11/ 28/ 2016 Increasing the power of the boat Using the propeller in the air instead of water or both
Editor's Notes
- PROBLEM DEFINITION & KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS In order for a final design for a boat to be considered, analyzing the minimum expectations and performance metrics gives a starting point for seeing what is the end result that is being accomplished. In addition, analyzing these two aspects opens the possibility of alternative designs and configurations that can ultimately lead to a design that is more favored over another design. For this project, some of the expectations that we identified are the ability for the boat to complete the minimum requirement of 5 meters, source materials that are lightweight and buoyant, build within the dimension restraints given, and use batteries that will maximize the performance of the motor. Furthermore as key performance metrics we addressed were the best time of vehicle to complete course, the overall weight of the boat, and the voltage output of the battery used.
- KEY FEATURES OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL Testing Area Restraints - For testing our final design, we utilized a rain gutter that was approximately 5 meters long, 9 centimeters wide, and filled with 6 centimeters of water. Electrical System - The electrical system consists of a 9 Volt battery, a switch, and a motor connected in series. Propulsion System - The propulsion system consists of the propeller, shaft, motor and the tubing that connects the shaft to the motor. Hull Design - The hull that encases everything is designed from pink insulation board which is designed in a typical boat shaped fashion with a pointed front to help the boat tread through water and a flat back. The overall length of the boat with the propeller and shaft is 24.5 centimeters, an overall width of 8 centimeters, and an overall height of 2.5 centimeters. Also, our final design had an overall weight of .162 kilograms.
- IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN FACTORS The design factors listed are what we felt was the most important aspects of the boat that would affect the key performance metrics, except for the boat’s color. The boat’s color is a design factor that only aesthetically adds to our boat but essentially has no effect on any of the performance metrics. The other factors all affect the speed, weight or battery voltage or any combination of the three. We chose these design factors because if we don’t focus on one of these designs our performance received from the boat differs from what it would be if we focused on these key design factors.
- LINK TO PERFORMANCE METRICS These design factors directly affect the key performance metrics. The number of batteries, motors and propeller blades are going to change the weight of the boat, the total battery voltage and the time for the boat to complete the course. The more of each we put on the more powerful the boat will be, but adding more to the boat is also going to make it heavier so just because the boat is more powerful it doesn’t necessarily make the boat faster. The design of the front of the hull affects the time for the boat to complete the course because a more aerodynamic hull will have an easier time floating through the water than something like a flat boat front. The color of the boat doesn’t affect the boats performance at all, but it does make our boat look more presentable and pleasing to the eye. The boat technology runs from the battery, affecting the voltage and once again, the more onboard the heavier the boat is going to be. The exterior protective layer of the boat adds weight to the boat but allows our boat to be more stable and reliable that I would be without.
- COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES We chose our current design over the alternatives because the materials and aerodynamics had an clear advantage over the rest. Our first alternative would have been to add more propellers, but that would require a bigger hull which would be too large due to the size restrictions. Our second alternative would have been a water bottle used for the hull since it was readily available, however it would be more challenging to keep the boat upright without adding supports to keep it balanced. Final alternative we would have just used a block of Styrofoam and insert components in it and be done with it. However, we did choose Styrofoam, because it was lightweight, very buoyant, and doesn’t absorb water but we also made it pointed rather than having it boxy or rectangular in shape. By making the boat pointed, we were able to streamline the boat even more, therefore reducing drag and increasing air/water resistance which resulted in much faster speeds.
- INITIAL DESIGN For our initial design we decided to go with a 18.5 centimeter by 8 centimeter piece of insulation foam board but in the shape of typical boat since it is already can efficiently displace the water it's pushing. The battery is placed in a hole cut out so it's kept in place and a area cut out so that the motor is lower than the water level and that the propeller can operate without any problems. We also used a switch so that it would be easier turning on and off the motor to start or stop the boat. The boat itself had a thickness of 2.5 centimeters which was enough to submerge part of the bottom of the boat with the help of the battery and motor acting as some weight to help it to partly be submerged into the water.
- INITIAL PERFORMANCE Our initial design weighed .170 kilograms and initially completed the 5 meter track in 11.33 seconds. Using these values, we calculated the average speed of the boat to be .441 meters per second with an average acceleration of .078 meters per second2. .013 newtons of force accelerated our boat forward while .017 joules of kinetic energy were produced by the boat. Generally the acceleration of a boat is constant, however, in this race, the acceleration of our boat was not constant. One factor that would affect this is the boat getting caught on the side brackets holding the track in place overall hindering the movement of the boat until it becomes free again. Another factor that would affect acceleration is the water level being too low which the propeller would continuously hit the bottom of the gutter slowing down the boat altogether and slowing the acceleration. Another factor is the boat continuously hitting one side then straightening itself out again which also can slow down its acceleration since its hitting and dragging on one side of the gutter slowing down then straightening itself out again which it speeds up again so that would make the acceleration inconsistent. Also shown is the schematic of our electrical switch which is the motor, battery, and switch connected in series.
- INITIAL PERFORMANCE (CONT’D) Relating to the schematic of the electrical system of the boat we decided to connect everything in series. We can tell that it's a series circuit because there's only two wires connecting the battery to the motor and with a switch to turn the motor on and off and attached to the red wire leading from the battery to the motor. Even though there is typically 9 volts in a 9-volt battery, we measured that there were 9.15 volts in the 9V battery we used. Also using a multimeter in lab, we measured that there is 11.3 ohms of resistance in the dc motor. Using these two pieces of information we determined that the current through the motor is .810 amps and that the electrical power delivered to the motor is 7.409 watts which overall the total energy delivered to the motor during the 5 meter race was 83.945 Joules of energy. Overall, the electrical energy of the circuit was greater than the kinetic energy of the boat because the the power outputted in a circuit is the rate at which work is being done compared to kinetic energy which is the amount of work done over a given distance. Two ways that we can improve the acceleration of the boat is overall decreasing the weight of the boat by either using alternative materials or taking non essential components away and also redistributing the weight of the boat so that the middle and back is more heavy than the front so that adds more weight to the back and less in the front so it reduces the drag created by the pointed front of the boat. The chart to the right showing the performance metrics gives a condensed version of the info given to that it's easier to identify the metrics that we have set as our testing criteria.
- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR EACH CONFIGURATION TESTED Shown above are the experimental results for the configurations that we chose to gather. This table shows the weight, average speed and acceleration, force and kinetic energy of these two configurations as well as electrical result data such as the max voltage, resistance, amperage, power, and electrical energy. We ended up gathering data for our final and pre-final experiments. From when we tested our boat before the final experiment, we found that it was heavier than we expected which meant that it took longer to complete the required 5 meters. This also meant that the average speed would be slower, and that there is less force involved to move the boat forward and the boat producing less energy. However, upon testing on our final experiment, much of the results looked favorable. We saw that the boat was lighter when we weighed our final design which meant that it finished faster than the previous run. With these two results we calculated that its average speed, acceleration, force and kinetic energy were greater than the results from the pre final experiment. However, when we measured the electrical components it showed in the final experiment that the battery had more voltage and resistance than when we took the same measurements in the previous experiment. Although, this can be seen more favorable since the more voltage and higher the resistance a circuit has, the lower its amperage, power usage, and electrical energy will be.
- SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTAL SEQUENCES Experiment 1: We began with the carved boat shaped base and with no modifications of the components given which meant a full length shaft and the electrical components soldered together. The base for the boat had a rectangle and a square carved out for the motor and shaft and also the battery too. We initially tested this to correct and electrical problems and polarity issues that could have arisen later in the project. In this experiment we found that the wires were soldered on in reverse polarity which meant that the boat was moving backwards instead of forwards. We also found that the shaft was too long and hitting the bottom of the track too hindering the movement of the boat Experiment 2: We then shortened the shaft of the propeller and re soldered the leads of the motor so that it will move forwards. We also glued a white tube between the exterior and interior of the boat so that the propeller and shaft can spin freely and in a straight line. Also for both functional and aesthetic purposes we added duct tape on the bottom and sides to protect the foam from water. When we tested our boat it moved in the direction that we wanted to, however, we found that the front was a bit heavier than the back of the boat because of the battery which would cause a wake in the back and the water level to decrease causing the propeller and shaft to get caught on the track floor and disassemble on its own. Experiment 3: We ended up gluing the propeller to the shaft to keep it from disassembling itself and also gluing the shaft to the rubber tubing that connected the shaft to the motor which should keep each component from coming apart. Also, to counteract problem of a top heavy boat, we decided to glue a hex nut to the back of the boat which helped to solve the problem and redistribute the weight. Overall performing this experiment addressed all the concerns that we addressed in the previous experiments overall creating an ideal drag racing motorboat that met our criteria and design restrictions. TWO FACTOR FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT For our factorial experiment we looked at the weight distribution depending on the placement of the battery and the motor itself. Conclusively it would be ideal for the battery to be placed in the front and the motor in the back to help evenly distribute the weight of the boat. However, placing the motor at the back wouldn't give enough room for the shaft to move. So therefore the best setup for placing the motor and battery would be the battery in the front and the motor in the middle. Even though it may add weight between the middle and front this can always be counteracted with added ballast in the back to redistribute the weight.
- PERFORMANCE AT FINAL TESTING At final testing, we were able to achieve an average final time of 10.30 seconds. As for efficiency of the circuit and of the boat itself, an output of 61.561 joules of energy were synthesized relative to the amount of power available in the circuit which was 5.977 joules/seconds while .019 joules of energy were synthesized by the boat itself relative to the kinetic energy. Overall, our final design of our boat showed little change from our initial design of the boat. The electrical and propulsion components of the boat were placed in favorable spots so that it helped to distribute the overall weight of the boat. The only changes that we made were adding weight to the back to submerge the propeller further into the water and also brought the sides of the boat up to keep water from getting into the boat and causing any short circuiting problems.
- INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Our boat had a lot of good aspects that made it successful. The physical features of our boat included a styrofoam vessel with a motor and battery with a pointy front. The design was nothing too crazy but it was good enough to get the job done. For example our boat was fairly light and our boat made it across the room in under 13 seconds. Also during the time trials our boat stayed fairly straight in the water without running into any bumps while the boat moved across the track. Also it was good that there were no errors which resulted in the very suitable time for the boat to make it across. The only flaw that was very minor was that the line leading to the motor was curved downward slightly which in some cases can cause the motor and boat to malfunction. But overall our boat was solid and it performed successfully.
- FUTURE RESEARCH If further research was to be conducted, Increasing the power of the boat and using the propeller in the air instead of water or both. By increasing the power, that might affect the number of battery (voltage) used and as well as the speed of the boat. Also, experimenting with position of the propeller such as in water or air might affect the outcome or speed of the boat also.