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Microrobots Lizbeth
El documento habla sobre los avances en micro-robots. Define micro-robots como robots del tamaño de una pulga que podrían usarse para vigilancia, microfabricación, medicina y limpieza. Describe un estudio llamado I-SWARM que demostró la fabricación a gran escala de micro-robots con funciones básicas y apariencia natural. También menciona que la técnica de fabricación usa pegamento conductor en lugar de soldadura, y ventajas como ser ecológico e infraestructura, así como desventajas como dificultad de fabric
Elementos de la circulación
El documento describe diferentes elementos de la circulación en edificios, incluyendo aproximaciones frontales, oblicuas y espirales al edificio, así como accesos enrasados, adelantados y retrasados. También discute la configuración del recorrido a través de espacios en línea, radial, espiral o trama, y las relaciones entre el recorrido y el espacio, como pasar entre espacios o atravesarlos. Finalmente, analiza la forma del espacio de circulación como cerrado, abierto por un lado o abierto por ambos l
Uad geometria-1-clase-02
El documento describe los elementos básicos de la proyección ortogonal en geometría descriptiva, incluyendo el sistema de proyección, las posiciones de puntos, líneas y planos, y cómo se forma una montaje triplanar. Explica que la característica principal de la línea de proyección es que es perpendicular al plano de proyección, formando un ángulo de 90 grados. También cubre cómo construir sólidos geométricos básicos usando la proyección ortogonal.
OH&S
This document summarizes key aspects of occupational health and safety regulations in Canada, including:
1) It outlines the internal responsibility system where workplace parties share responsibility for health and safety and must work together to identify hazards.
2) It describes the rights of workers including the right to know about hazards, participate in health and safety, and refuse dangerous work.
3) It details the duties of employers, supervisors, workers, constructors, directors and officers to take precautions to protect worker safety.
4) Reporting obligations for workplace accidents and critical injuries are also summarized.
Earth fault loop actual
This diagram shows the path of electricity from the supply side through the protective device and load to the earth. It illustrates the earth fault loop path that electricity takes from the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors, through the main equipment (MET) and circuit protective conductor (CPC) and any faults are conducted to earth through the general mass of earth and dedicated earth electrodes.
Over-current-earth-fault-relay-MC-31
The document summarizes the technical specifications of the MC31A three phase over current and earth fault relay, which has 4 measuring elements. It can be used for feeder protection in substations and has a 4 digit LED display. The relay provides 7 selectable time characteristics and settings for over current and earth fault in steps of 0.05 times the rated current. It has separate LED indications, 4 output contacts for trip signals, and contact ratings of 250V AC/30V DC at 8A.
Overcurrent protection
This document provides guidelines for overcurrent protection and coordination settings for industrial equipment such as transformers, buses, feeders, and motors above 600V. It outlines typical recommended pickup and time delay settings as rules of thumb for phase and ground overcurrent relays protecting this equipment. Care must be taken to properly coordinate settings between protective devices to prevent unintended tripping and ensure equipment is protected against damage from faults.
Recommended
Microrobots Lizbeth
El documento habla sobre los avances en micro-robots. Define micro-robots como robots del tamaño de una pulga que podrían usarse para vigilancia, microfabricación, medicina y limpieza. Describe un estudio llamado I-SWARM que demostró la fabricación a gran escala de micro-robots con funciones básicas y apariencia natural. También menciona que la técnica de fabricación usa pegamento conductor en lugar de soldadura, y ventajas como ser ecológico e infraestructura, así como desventajas como dificultad de fabric
Elementos de la circulación
El documento describe diferentes elementos de la circulación en edificios, incluyendo aproximaciones frontales, oblicuas y espirales al edificio, así como accesos enrasados, adelantados y retrasados. También discute la configuración del recorrido a través de espacios en línea, radial, espiral o trama, y las relaciones entre el recorrido y el espacio, como pasar entre espacios o atravesarlos. Finalmente, analiza la forma del espacio de circulación como cerrado, abierto por un lado o abierto por ambos l
Uad geometria-1-clase-02
El documento describe los elementos básicos de la proyección ortogonal en geometría descriptiva, incluyendo el sistema de proyección, las posiciones de puntos, líneas y planos, y cómo se forma una montaje triplanar. Explica que la característica principal de la línea de proyección es que es perpendicular al plano de proyección, formando un ángulo de 90 grados. También cubre cómo construir sólidos geométricos básicos usando la proyección ortogonal.
OH&S
This document summarizes key aspects of occupational health and safety regulations in Canada, including:
1) It outlines the internal responsibility system where workplace parties share responsibility for health and safety and must work together to identify hazards.
2) It describes the rights of workers including the right to know about hazards, participate in health and safety, and refuse dangerous work.
3) It details the duties of employers, supervisors, workers, constructors, directors and officers to take precautions to protect worker safety.
4) Reporting obligations for workplace accidents and critical injuries are also summarized.
Earth fault loop actual
This diagram shows the path of electricity from the supply side through the protective device and load to the earth. It illustrates the earth fault loop path that electricity takes from the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors, through the main equipment (MET) and circuit protective conductor (CPC) and any faults are conducted to earth through the general mass of earth and dedicated earth electrodes.
Over-current-earth-fault-relay-MC-31
The document summarizes the technical specifications of the MC31A three phase over current and earth fault relay, which has 4 measuring elements. It can be used for feeder protection in substations and has a 4 digit LED display. The relay provides 7 selectable time characteristics and settings for over current and earth fault in steps of 0.05 times the rated current. It has separate LED indications, 4 output contacts for trip signals, and contact ratings of 250V AC/30V DC at 8A.
Overcurrent protection
This document provides guidelines for overcurrent protection and coordination settings for industrial equipment such as transformers, buses, feeders, and motors above 600V. It outlines typical recommended pickup and time delay settings as rules of thumb for phase and ground overcurrent relays protecting this equipment. Care must be taken to properly coordinate settings between protective devices to prevent unintended tripping and ensure equipment is protected against damage from faults.
ECNG 3015 - Overcurrent Protection
This document discusses overcurrent relays and differential protection. It explains plug setting multipliers and time multiplier settings which are used to determine operating times from relay characteristics. It provides an example of coordinating overcurrent relays on a system. The document also discusses earth fault protection, differential protection using Merz-Price systems, and the differential protection of a star/delta power transformer accounting for inrush current and phase shifts.
Instrument Transformer (ALIV - BANGLADESH)
This document discusses instrument transformers used in power systems. It describes current transformers (CT) and potential transformers (PT). CTs reduce high currents to lower, safer values for measurement. They have a primary winding connected in series with the power circuit. PTs provide isolation from high voltages and reduce voltages to safer levels for equipment. The document outlines the design, function, construction and accuracy of both transformer types, as well as sources of errors in PTs. It was produced by a group for an class project on instrument transformers.
Basics of overcurrent protection
1) Over current occurs when electric current exceeds intended levels, potentially causing equipment damage from excess heat. It can be caused by short circuits, overloading, design flaws, or ground faults.
2) Over current relays contain a current coil. During normal operation, the magnetic effect is insufficient to trigger the relay. During over currents, the increased magnetic effect overcomes the restraint, moving the contact to isolate the circuit.
3) Over current relays come in instantaneous, definite time, and inverse time variations depending on their time of operation. Inverse time relays isolate faults faster for more severe over currents.
Current transformer
Bulox Power Pte Ltd - design, manufacture and distribute for Oil Immersed, Cast Resin & Dry Type Transformer, Ring Main Unit, MV / LV Switchgear, Packaged & Temporary Substation, Containerized Equipment Room, Customized Power Packaged Solution and Turnkey Projects.
Ppt of current transformer
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
instrument transformer
CT, PT And CVT
It help in measurement of high voltage And current.
* It provide low voltage and current to the electrical device.
* It’s measure application is in the protection system where relay is work on low amount of voltage and current.
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
Start stop circuit
This document provides a diagram and explanation of a three wire start/stop control circuit. When the start button is pressed, current flows through the normally closed stop button and energizes relay coil K1. When coil K1 energizes, it closes contacts K1.1 and K1.2, allowing current to continue flowing through K1.1 to maintain the circuit even after releasing the start button. Current also flows through K1.2 to turn on an indicator lamp. Pressing the stop button opens its normally closed contact, breaking the current to the relay coil and de-energizing the circuit.
3 phase motors 1
The document discusses 3-phase motors and how they produce a rotating magnetic field using 3 stator windings that are 120 degrees apart, powered by a 3-phase supply with voltages that are also 120 degrees apart. This rotating magnetic field is produced as the magnetic flux from each winding rotates continuously, causing the field to move around the stator. The speed of this rotating field is determined by the supply frequency and number of poles in the stator windings. As the rotor lags behind this rotating field, it produces torque.
Max demand
To calculate the current rating of an RCD for a portion of an electrical installation:
1. Calculate the maximum demand for the lighting and socket outlets in the portion using Load Group A and B in Table C1.
2. The maximum demand for the portion was calculated to be 18A based on the socket outlets having a maximum demand of 15A and lighting having 3A.
3. The RCD rating must be at least the greater of the maximum demand or highest circuit breaker rating. In this case, the highest breaker is 20A, so the minimum RCD rating is 20A.
E104 B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical fundamentals and units of measurement. It introduces the basic and derived SI units used to measure electrical quantities like voltage, current, resistance, power, and more. It explains how to convert between units, use transposition to solve for different variables in equations, and expresses values using scientific notation. Standard abbreviations and conventions for writing electrical units are also covered.
E104 B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical fundamentals and units of measurement. It covers:
1) The seven base SI units including the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela.
2) Derived units that are calculated from the base units, such as velocity, acceleration, force, torque, pressure, electrical charge, voltage, resistance, energy, work, and power.
3) Conventions for writing units, such as using a space between numbers and units, clustering numbers over 999 into groups of three, and including leading zeros for decimal values.
Transducers
Transducers convert one form of energy to another. They are defined as devices that convert an input signal of one form to an output signal of another form. Transducers can measure many quantities including energy, pressure, temperature, position, and more. Common transducers include thermocouples, thermistors, strain gauges, and magnetic pickups. Transducer parameters that are important to consider include sensitivity, range, span, linearity, hysteresis, accuracy, and precision.
Inverters
Inverters take direct current (DC) from a battery and convert it to alternating current (AC) power electronically. They use switches to rapidly open and close, generating a square wave that is fed into a transformer to produce AC. Inverters can produce different waveforms like square, modified sine, or true sine. Smaller inverters are typically square wave or modified sine wave, while larger inverters produce true sine waves.
Power control devices
The document discusses various power control devices including silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), triacs, diacs, gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). SCRs, triacs, and diacs can only be turned off by reducing the anode current below a threshold, while GTOs can be turned off by a negative gate signal. BJTs and MOSFETs can be used as electronic switches by controlling the base/gate current to turn the device on or off.
Voltage regulation
Voltage regulation circuits like the zener diode and three-terminal regulators can maintain a constant output voltage despite fluctuations in load conditions or input voltage. A zener diode operates in reverse bias to regulate voltage at a specific breakdown voltage. A three-terminal voltage regulator integrated circuit provides precise voltage control with only a few external components and has built-in protections like overcurrent prevention. The adjustable three-terminal regulator uses a resistor network and reference voltage to set the output voltage.
Filter circuits
This document discusses different types of filter circuits used to reduce ripple voltage and increase average DC voltage output. It describes L-section filters which use an inductor to provide constant current to the load and reduce ripple voltage which is then filtered by a capacitor. Pi filters are also described where the capacitors provide a short circuit for AC and an open circuit for DC, while the inductor blocks AC and provides a short circuit for DC. The document also mentions using a bleed resistor to safely discharge capacitor charge over time when the load is removed.
Session 2 & 3 rectifiers
DC power supplies work by taking an AC voltage from a transformer, rectifying it using diodes to convert it to DC, filtering it using capacitors to smooth the output, and regulating it using integrated circuits to maintain a steady voltage level. Common rectification methods include half-wave and full-wave rectification using either single-phase or three-phase inputs. The rectification process converts the AC voltage to a pulsing DC voltage that is then filtered and regulated.
Session1semiconductors
This document provides an introduction to electronic power and control systems. It discusses semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors. It covers rectifiers, filters, voltage regulators, inverters, and transducers. The document explains the principles of p-n junctions and how diodes allow current to flow in only one direction. It defines diode specifications and characteristics. Diode testing using an analog multimeter is also covered.
Electrical Heating
The document discusses various methods of electrical heating, including different types of water heaters, heat control methods like thermostats, and potential faults in electric heating equipment. It provides information on topics like heat transfer methods, temperature scales, specific heat capacity, and requirements for installing water heaters. Diagrams are included to illustrate components like thermostats and water heating systems.
E004B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical resistance and factors that affect it. It explains that resistance opposes current flow and is measured in Ohms. The three main factors that determine a material's resistance are its length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity. Resistance increases with temperature for most metals. Resistance affects voltage drop in a circuit, with higher resistance resulting in greater voltage drop according to Ohm's Law.
E003B multiples & si units
This document discusses the International System of Units (SI) and its use of base units, derived units, multiples, and submultiples to describe electrical measurements. It explains that the six base SI units are the units of length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, and luminous intensity. Derived units are formed by combining the base units and include units like voltage, resistance, and capacitance. The document also covers converting between standard and scientific notation to represent numbers in a more convenient form.
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Viewers also liked
ECNG 3015 - Overcurrent Protection
This document discusses overcurrent relays and differential protection. It explains plug setting multipliers and time multiplier settings which are used to determine operating times from relay characteristics. It provides an example of coordinating overcurrent relays on a system. The document also discusses earth fault protection, differential protection using Merz-Price systems, and the differential protection of a star/delta power transformer accounting for inrush current and phase shifts.
Instrument Transformer (ALIV - BANGLADESH)
This document discusses instrument transformers used in power systems. It describes current transformers (CT) and potential transformers (PT). CTs reduce high currents to lower, safer values for measurement. They have a primary winding connected in series with the power circuit. PTs provide isolation from high voltages and reduce voltages to safer levels for equipment. The document outlines the design, function, construction and accuracy of both transformer types, as well as sources of errors in PTs. It was produced by a group for an class project on instrument transformers.
Basics of overcurrent protection
1) Over current occurs when electric current exceeds intended levels, potentially causing equipment damage from excess heat. It can be caused by short circuits, overloading, design flaws, or ground faults.
2) Over current relays contain a current coil. During normal operation, the magnetic effect is insufficient to trigger the relay. During over currents, the increased magnetic effect overcomes the restraint, moving the contact to isolate the circuit.
3) Over current relays come in instantaneous, definite time, and inverse time variations depending on their time of operation. Inverse time relays isolate faults faster for more severe over currents.
Current transformer
Bulox Power Pte Ltd - design, manufacture and distribute for Oil Immersed, Cast Resin & Dry Type Transformer, Ring Main Unit, MV / LV Switchgear, Packaged & Temporary Substation, Containerized Equipment Room, Customized Power Packaged Solution and Turnkey Projects.
Ppt of current transformer
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
instrument transformer
CT, PT And CVT
It help in measurement of high voltage And current.
* It provide low voltage and current to the electrical device.
* It’s measure application is in the protection system where relay is work on low amount of voltage and current.
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017
We analyzed all the recruiting activity on LinkedIn this year and identified the Top Skills employers seek. Starting Oct 24, learn these skills and much more for free during the Week of Learning.
#AlwaysBeLearning https://learning.linkedin.com/week-of-learning
Viewers also liked (7)
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Start stop circuit
This document provides a diagram and explanation of a three wire start/stop control circuit. When the start button is pressed, current flows through the normally closed stop button and energizes relay coil K1. When coil K1 energizes, it closes contacts K1.1 and K1.2, allowing current to continue flowing through K1.1 to maintain the circuit even after releasing the start button. Current also flows through K1.2 to turn on an indicator lamp. Pressing the stop button opens its normally closed contact, breaking the current to the relay coil and de-energizing the circuit.
3 phase motors 1
The document discusses 3-phase motors and how they produce a rotating magnetic field using 3 stator windings that are 120 degrees apart, powered by a 3-phase supply with voltages that are also 120 degrees apart. This rotating magnetic field is produced as the magnetic flux from each winding rotates continuously, causing the field to move around the stator. The speed of this rotating field is determined by the supply frequency and number of poles in the stator windings. As the rotor lags behind this rotating field, it produces torque.
Max demand
To calculate the current rating of an RCD for a portion of an electrical installation:
1. Calculate the maximum demand for the lighting and socket outlets in the portion using Load Group A and B in Table C1.
2. The maximum demand for the portion was calculated to be 18A based on the socket outlets having a maximum demand of 15A and lighting having 3A.
3. The RCD rating must be at least the greater of the maximum demand or highest circuit breaker rating. In this case, the highest breaker is 20A, so the minimum RCD rating is 20A.
E104 B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical fundamentals and units of measurement. It introduces the basic and derived SI units used to measure electrical quantities like voltage, current, resistance, power, and more. It explains how to convert between units, use transposition to solve for different variables in equations, and expresses values using scientific notation. Standard abbreviations and conventions for writing electrical units are also covered.
E104 B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical fundamentals and units of measurement. It covers:
1) The seven base SI units including the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela.
2) Derived units that are calculated from the base units, such as velocity, acceleration, force, torque, pressure, electrical charge, voltage, resistance, energy, work, and power.
3) Conventions for writing units, such as using a space between numbers and units, clustering numbers over 999 into groups of three, and including leading zeros for decimal values.
Transducers
Transducers convert one form of energy to another. They are defined as devices that convert an input signal of one form to an output signal of another form. Transducers can measure many quantities including energy, pressure, temperature, position, and more. Common transducers include thermocouples, thermistors, strain gauges, and magnetic pickups. Transducer parameters that are important to consider include sensitivity, range, span, linearity, hysteresis, accuracy, and precision.
Inverters
Inverters take direct current (DC) from a battery and convert it to alternating current (AC) power electronically. They use switches to rapidly open and close, generating a square wave that is fed into a transformer to produce AC. Inverters can produce different waveforms like square, modified sine, or true sine. Smaller inverters are typically square wave or modified sine wave, while larger inverters produce true sine waves.
Power control devices
The document discusses various power control devices including silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), triacs, diacs, gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). SCRs, triacs, and diacs can only be turned off by reducing the anode current below a threshold, while GTOs can be turned off by a negative gate signal. BJTs and MOSFETs can be used as electronic switches by controlling the base/gate current to turn the device on or off.
Voltage regulation
Voltage regulation circuits like the zener diode and three-terminal regulators can maintain a constant output voltage despite fluctuations in load conditions or input voltage. A zener diode operates in reverse bias to regulate voltage at a specific breakdown voltage. A three-terminal voltage regulator integrated circuit provides precise voltage control with only a few external components and has built-in protections like overcurrent prevention. The adjustable three-terminal regulator uses a resistor network and reference voltage to set the output voltage.
Filter circuits
This document discusses different types of filter circuits used to reduce ripple voltage and increase average DC voltage output. It describes L-section filters which use an inductor to provide constant current to the load and reduce ripple voltage which is then filtered by a capacitor. Pi filters are also described where the capacitors provide a short circuit for AC and an open circuit for DC, while the inductor blocks AC and provides a short circuit for DC. The document also mentions using a bleed resistor to safely discharge capacitor charge over time when the load is removed.
Session 2 & 3 rectifiers
DC power supplies work by taking an AC voltage from a transformer, rectifying it using diodes to convert it to DC, filtering it using capacitors to smooth the output, and regulating it using integrated circuits to maintain a steady voltage level. Common rectification methods include half-wave and full-wave rectification using either single-phase or three-phase inputs. The rectification process converts the AC voltage to a pulsing DC voltage that is then filtered and regulated.
Session1semiconductors
This document provides an introduction to electronic power and control systems. It discusses semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors. It covers rectifiers, filters, voltage regulators, inverters, and transducers. The document explains the principles of p-n junctions and how diodes allow current to flow in only one direction. It defines diode specifications and characteristics. Diode testing using an analog multimeter is also covered.
Electrical Heating
The document discusses various methods of electrical heating, including different types of water heaters, heat control methods like thermostats, and potential faults in electric heating equipment. It provides information on topics like heat transfer methods, temperature scales, specific heat capacity, and requirements for installing water heaters. Diagrams are included to illustrate components like thermostats and water heating systems.
E004B Topic 1
This document discusses electrical resistance and factors that affect it. It explains that resistance opposes current flow and is measured in Ohms. The three main factors that determine a material's resistance are its length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity. Resistance increases with temperature for most metals. Resistance affects voltage drop in a circuit, with higher resistance resulting in greater voltage drop according to Ohm's Law.
E003B multiples & si units
This document discusses the International System of Units (SI) and its use of base units, derived units, multiples, and submultiples to describe electrical measurements. It explains that the six base SI units are the units of length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, and luminous intensity. Derived units are formed by combining the base units and include units like voltage, resistance, and capacitance. The document also covers converting between standard and scientific notation to represent numbers in a more convenient form.
E003B sources
This document discusses different sources of electrical energy including electromagnetic induction, batteries, thermocouples, solar, quartz crystals, and piezo sources. Electromagnetic induction produces an EMF by cutting a conductor through a magnetic field, as in generators and alternators. Batteries use two electrodes in an electrolyte to produce energy chemically as either primary or secondary cells. Thermocouples generate an EMF from the temperature difference between two ends of different conductor materials. Solar converts sunlight directly into electricity while quartz crystals produce an EMF when force is applied.
E003B current effects
This document discusses the effects of current flow in single path DC circuits. It describes three main effects: heating, magnetic effects, and sometimes chemical or physiological effects. Heating causes temperature rise and is why components need cooling. Magnetic fields are produced by current flow and allow control of electromagnets. Current passing through the body can cause asphyxiation, ventricular fibrillation, or stop the brain from controlling the heart.
E003B power
This document discusses power in single path DC circuits. It defines power as the rate at which energy is converted, measured in watts. It explains that power ratings indicate how quickly a device converts energy. Formulas show that power is equal to voltage times current or current squared times resistance. Heat produced during energy conversion can cause problems for some devices like motors and transformers but not others like lamps. Examples are provided for calculating current drawn with different voltages and resistances.
E003B resistors
Resistors oppose current flow, causing a voltage drop and generating heat through resistance. There are different types of resistors that must dissipate heat without exceeding their power rating to avoid damage. Commercial resistors have preferred resistance values with tolerances indicated through standardized color codes.
E003B protection devices
This document discusses different types of protection devices used in single path DC circuits. It describes semi-enclosed rewireable fuses and high rupturing capacity fuses, and explains that fuses blow when the current exceeds their current rating and can interrupt currents up to their fault current rating. It also discusses circuit breakers, describing them as magnetic, thermal, or thermal-magnetic, and notes they offer better reset capability after clearing a fault. It provides details on how magnetic circuit breakers operate during a short circuit by creating a magnetic field that forces the contacts to open.