The document discusses countable and uncountable nouns. It provides examples of countable nouns like "hamburger" and "apple" which can be singular or plural. Uncountable nouns like "food" and "milk" are not counted. The document also discusses using articles like "a/an" with singular countable nouns and "some" or "any" with plural or uncountable nouns. Finally, it discusses using "a lot of" to indicate abundance or "not much/many" to indicate scarcity.