As a psychology student, I am passionately immersed in the fascinating exploration of the human mind and behavior. Driven by an insatiable curiosity, my academic journey revolves around unraveling the intricacies of the human psyche. Motivated by a profound interest in understanding the complexities of mental processes, emotions, and behavior, I find myself navigating the diverse landscapes of psychology with enthusiasm and dedication. My academic pursuits have equipped me with a solid foundation in the core principles of psychology, ranging from cognitive and social psychology to abnormal and developmental psychology. Through rigorous coursework, I have developed analytical skills that enable me to critically assess theories, research methodologies, and empirical findings. My eagerness to engage with diverse perspectives has fostered a holistic understanding of psychological phenomena. Beyond the classroom, I actively seek opportunities to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. Whether through internships, research projects, or volunteering experiences, I am committed to translating academic insights into practical solutions. These endeavors have not only enriched my understanding of psychology but have also cultivated my ability to empathize and communicate effectively. In addition to my academic pursuits, I am an advocate for mental health awareness and destigmatization. I believe in the transformative power of psychology to positively impact individuals and communities, and I aspire to contribute to the field by promoting mental well-being and fostering a greater understanding of psychological principles. As I progress in my academic journey, I remain open to new ideas, challenges, and opportunities for growth.

1. Dyslexia
By- Karishma Mansuri
3rd Year
Dept. of Liberal Education
SUBMITTED TO-
MS. ABEER SHAHID

2. Definition
Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes reading and
language-related tasks harderhappens because of
disruptions in how your brain processes writing so you
can understand . Most people learn they have dyslexia
during childhood, and it’s typically a lifelong issue. This
form of dyslexia is alsoknoas “developmental dyslexia.
Dyslexia falls under the umbrella of “specific learning
disorder.” That disorder has three main subtypes:”

3. Signs of dyslexia can be difficult to recognize before your child enters school, but some
early clues may indicate a problem. Once your child reaches school age, your child's
teacher may be the first to notice a problem. Severity varies, but the condition often
becomes apparent as a child starts learning to read.
Before school
Signs that a young child may be at risk of dyslexia include:
Late talking
Learning new words slowly
Problems forming words correctly, such as reversing sounds in words or confusing
words that sound alike
Problems remembering or naming letters, numbers and colors
Difficulty learning nursery rhymes or playing rhyming games
Symptoms

4. School age
Once your child is in school, dyslexia symptoms may become more apparent,
including:
Reading well below the expected level for age
Problems processing and understanding what is heard
Difficulty finding the right word or forming answers to questions
Problems remembering the sequence of things
Difficulty seeing (and occasionally hearing) similarities and differences in
letters and words
Inability to sound out the pronunciation of an unfamiliar word
Difficulty spelling.
Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that involve reading or
writing.

5. Teens and adults
Dyslexia signs in teens and adults are a lot like those in
children. Some common dyslexia symptoms in teens and
adults include:
Difficulty reading, including reading aloud
Slow and labor-intensive reading and writing
Problems spelling
Avoiding activities that involve reading
Mispronouncing names or words, or problems retrieving
words
Spending an unusually long time completing tasks that
involve reading or writing
Difficulty summarizing a story
Trouble learning a foreign language
Difficulty doing math word problems

6. Genetics. Dyslexia is highly genetic and runs in families. A child with one
parent with dyslexia has a 30% to 50% chance of inheriting it. Genetic
conditions like Down syndrome can also make dyslexia more likely to
happen.
Differences in brain development and function. If you have dyslexia,
you’re neurodivergent. That means your brain formed or works differently
than expected. Research shows people with dyslexia have differences in
brain structure, function and chemistry.
Disruptions in brain development and function. Infections, toxic
exposures and other events can disrupt fetal development and increase the
odds of later development of dyslexia.
Causes

7. Although dyslexia is due to differences in your brain, no blood tests or lab
screenings can detect it. Instead, careful evaluation and testing of common
signs identify someone with this reading problem.
Testing for dyslexia should look at:
Decoding (reading unfamiliar words by sounding them out).
Oral language skills.
Reading fluency and reading comprehension.
Spelling.
Vocabulary.
Word recognition.
How is dyslexia diagnosed?

8. Prevention
Dyslexia isn’t preventable, but it’s often manageable
with different strategies for learning and reading. You
should:
Talk with a healthcare provider if you notice any
early signs of dyslexia.
Work with your child’s school to develop an
individualized education plan.
Support your child’s mental health, too, and
consider mental health care if your child
experiences anxiety or other issues related to their
dyslexia.

9. We can say that dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the
skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling.
Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological
awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed. Dyslexia occurs
across the range of intellectual abilities.
Conclusion