The document discusses intelligent workflow management systems (iWFMS) as an improvement over traditional workflow management systems (WFMS). An iWFMS uses artificial intelligence planning techniques like event calculus to better handle new situations and requirements. It describes an iWFMS developed for HTML form systems using event calculus planning and a hospital drug prescription model as an example workflow. The iWFMS architecture incorporates logic programming to define workflows and handle changes more effectively than conventional WFMS.

1. i W F M S A new generation of workflow management systems Joseph Wilk

2. What is workflow? “ A way of explaining to computers and people how tasks take place in the real world ” Separates logic and control Indicates Activities Dependencies Conditions Prescribe Drugs Check Drugs Distribute Drugs Record Error correct incorrect

3. What is a WFMS? WorkFlow Management System (WFMS) Define workflow Change workflow Execute workflow ► Good but not perfect Design and define workflow Workflow Specifications Workflow Enactment service Applications & IT Tools User

4. WFMSs for form-based systems HTML form system Amazons online ordering system Workflow and form based systems Conditions on forms for progress Dependencies between forms Welcome Pay Confirm Wrap Items Address Dispatch no gift wrapping selected gift wrapping selected

5. The problems HTML form systems Tangling of Code and Logic Difficult to change WFMS provide a solution to HTML form systems However WFMS can be Labour intensive to create Labour intense and conceptually difficult to change

6. The solution Intelligent WorkFlow Management systems Improved ability to deal with new situations and requirements. Project develops an iWFMS for HTML Form Systems using: Event Calculus – first order logic formalisation Planning Hospital Model as a working example Conventional WFMS Artificial intelligence planning methodologies +

7. Hospital Model Patient admitted to ward Patient assessed and drug chart completed Checks drug chart and corrects mistakes Takes drug chart down to pharmacy Make up drugs Fetch drugs from pharmacist and take up to ward Doctor checks corrected drug chart confirm correct drugs and sign Give patient Drugs no mistakes mistakes approve correction reject drugs approve drugs reject correction

8. The Architecture Client Web browser Server-side domain Logic programming domain XML Specifications and HTML DTD files Form Data Workflow System Data HTML typing rules Knowledge base Workflow specifications

9. Event Calculus Workflow Workflow Unit 1 Workflow Unit 2 Workflow Unit 3 Workflow Unit 4 Form Entry Form Creation Form Submission Database Information User Input Workflow Progress Condition happens(workflowUnit4,Timepoint) holds_at(workflowUnit3, Timepoint)

10. Event Calculus Planner Dr. Murray Shanahan’s ASLDICN (integrity constraints and negation as failure) Event Calculus Planner Features Conditional planning Mapping partial ordered plans to total ordered plans Loop reduction Prescribe drugs Check drugs Goal Node Prescribe drugs Check drugs Goal Node correct incorrect

11. HTML Typing Definite Clause grammars Tokenise strings within Prolog Typing checks Attribute Values <select size=“notAnInteger” > Valid HTML Children <select> < option ></ option > < option ></ option > </select>

12. The Planners PHP planner JavaScript planner Environment = State of the forms and the user

13. Logic and server meeting Prolog Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Provide interaction with Web pages Prolog Interpreter To PHP Prolog's output is nothing but a String Recapture the meaning in Prolog Interpreter Design Pattern Represent the grammar of Prolog

14. Extensions Visualisation of Event Calculus plans Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Automatic documentation generation PHPDocumentor Unit Testing PHP simple Test

15. Conclusion iWFMS weakness is its Performance when adding workflow Handles change more effectively than WFMS Domain constraints Hierarchical planning Functions which are not seen in WFMS Creation of workflow based on invoker

16. i W F M S A new generation of workflow management system Questions?