Destination Studies (Worldwide) - Australasia

Sino College
Diploma in Hospitality & Tourism
Destination Studies (Worldwide)
Arthur Chan
Janaki Chhantyal
Kenneth Tsim
Fiona Tsui
Destination Studies (Worldwide) - Australasia
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Contents
Title Page P.1
Contents P.2
Introduction P.3
Australasia of Geographical & Natural
environment
P.4-8
Australasia of Demographic & Social Issues P.9-13
Australasia of Culture P.14-15
Australasia of Tourism Attraction P.16-18
Australasia of Tourism Development P.19-20
Australasia of Tourism Policy P.21-22
Australasia of Effects of Tourism Development P.23-24
Australasia for Reminders for Traveling to the
Tourists
P.25-26
References P.27-28
Introduction
Australasia is in a region of the Oceania, they comprise Australia, New Zealand, New
Guinea and neighboring islands in the Pacific Ocean.
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Australasia is from the Latin for the “south of Asia” whom differentiated the area
from Polynesia (to-the-east) and the southeast Pacific (Magellanica), but nor include
Micronesia (to-the-northeast).
Generally natural and geographical mostly including Australia (include Tasmania) ,
New Zealand and Melanesia; sometimes its refers all land and islands in the Pacific
equator 47 ° south latitude between.
Part of the territory in Indonesia Australasian Australian plate located in south and
west, which is side the Indian Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean South. Neighboring
territories to the north of the Eurasian plate in the northwest, the Philippine Plate, and
numerous marginal seas in the Pacific, the Pacific Plate to the north and east.
At the human geography, widely considered the country region: Australia and New
Zealand. Countries in Australasia sometimes are Papua New Guinea.
Australasia of Geographical & Natural environment
I. Australia
Geography
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~ G.P.S.: 28° 46′ 3.57″ S, 133° 46′ 10.31″ E
~ In the Southern Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere between the South Pacific and the
Indian Ocean. It is the world’s smallest continent but also are the world’s sixth largest
country in area.
~ Populations is mainly concentrated in the eastern and south-eastern coast.
~Surround over the sea, relatively flat coastline, 36,735 km and an area of 8,148,250
square kilometers of an exclusive economic zone; Sea neighboring countries,
including Australia, Indonesia, East Timor, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu, New Caledonia and New Zealand.
~Australia the total area are 7.692 km2, 70% of desert and semi-desert.
~The the whole territory of an average elevation of 300 meters, more than 1,000
meters in the mountainous area of less than 1%, less than 500 meters by 87%, is the
most gentle undulating surface of the continent; 200-500 meters above sea level west
of the low plateau, distributed desert and semi-desert; there are some 1000-1200
meters altitude mountain range. The central plains, at an elevation below 200 meters,
long Sheng herbs, including Lake Eyre is the lowest point, the lake is 12 meters below
sea level, as a center for the Great Plains Great Artesian Basin. The Eastern Highlands
is an ancient mountain range formed by the majority of 800-1000 meters above sea
level, southeast Kosciusko altitude of 2,230 meters, is the highest peak in Australia.
The northeastern coast of Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef.
Australia's Great Basin from the Gulf of Carpentaria south to Darling Hebei upstream
tributaries, the world's largest artesian basin.
~ Main Rivers: Ink river(2,520) and its tributaries, water seasonal dry season is easy
to stop.
~ In November 2012 to establish the world's largest marine protected areas in order to
protect the waters of Australia, 6, a total of 2.3 million square kilometers of marine
environment
~ Tasmania's largest Islands are located in the southern waters.
Climate
Central and Australia is a vast desert, drought. In the east of the Great Dividing, the
rainfall is more abundant, but also Australia's most heavily populated areas.
~ Western highlands and inland desert climate is tropical desert climate, drought,
annual rainfall of only 100-300 mm;
~ Northern savannah climate, annual rainfall of 1000-2300 mm, the National rainy
area, a small part of a subtropical;
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~ Eastern New England south of the mountain is a temperate broadleaf forest climate,
annual rainfall of 500 to 1,200 mm.
~ Average annual temperature north 27 ℃, south of 14 ℃.
~ Australia is the world’s driest continent; drinking water is the main natural
precipitation, water storage dam, and water-dependent.
Ecology
~ Most of Australia is desert or semi-arid areas, but the ecological environment is
extremely rich, including upland headland from tropical rainforest, one of the world's
17 biodiversity country super creatures.
~ Many creatures are unique to Australia; local, federal, "1999 Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act creature" is the fundamental law to
protect endangered species.
~ Based on "Biodiversity Action Plan", we established a number of protected areas to
conserve unique ecosystems; 64 wetlands in accordance with "Convention on
Wetlands" and registration; another 16 World Heritage Sites.
II. New Zealand
Geography
~ Across the two plates: the Pacific Plate and the Indian - Australian plate collision,
resulting in a North Island Taupo volcanic zone. Some volcanoes are also famous
tourist attractions, such as Rotorua geyser.
~ Collide with each other of the two plates so that New Zealand is a country of
frequent earthquakes, some of the sizes of the earthquake on the Richter scale will be
more than 7, but not many of the devastating earthquake. The annual number of
earthquakes over 14,000 earthquakes, so that the gradual uplift of the Southern Alps,
where the use of hydroelectric power height difference.
~ Consists of two main islands, North Island and South Island, in addition to some
around the island; Cork Strait between the two islands; the capital Wellington, is
located at the southern tip of the North Island, near the Strait of Kirk.
~ New Zealand is the island surrounded by the sea, in the northwest of Australia and
across the sea, in the north of Fiji and Tonga and across the sea.
~ Mountain about half of the total area, the rest of the plains hills and plains; Tall
western South Island Southern Alps, Mount Cook, the highest peak, 3,764 meters
above sea level, glacial and lakes; higher terrain east of the North Island, in the
majority of western volcanic area, surrounded by lakes, waterfalls, hot springs, lakes
and plains; Short river rapids, rich water.
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~ Yinniuxilan has colorful terrain features numerous television shows and movies to
choose New Zealand as photography, such as Narnia series.
Climate
~ New Zealand UV index is high, especially in North Island.
~ Less air pollution in the country and the sunshine longer relevant. Most areas
average annual sunshine time of more than 2,000 hours.
~ North Island Auckland Peninsula humid subtropical climate, temperate climate for
the rest; annual precipitation: Kitajima 1000-1500mm; South Island 600-1000 mm;
Southwest of the Southern Alps up to 6,300 mm.
~ Due to a warm climate, lush pasture. Mining natural grazing livestock, in order to
save labor and feed.
~ Climate change diverse, both cold and precipitation in many areas, there are more
arid areas, some subtropical climate.
~ Factors that affect the climate in New Zealand there are three, namely:
1. latitude, prevailing westerlies
2. Marine Environment
3. mountains, In particular in the Southern Alps
Physical Geography
~ New Zealand in Oceania is located in the South Pacific island nation, the
geographical coordinates of the location are 41 ° S 174 ° E.
~ Land area of 268,680 km2, including the Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands,
Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and the Kermadec Islands.
~ New Zealand is a maritime country, the coastline length of 15,134 km. Exclusive
economic zone area of over 4 million square kilometers, ranking seventh in the world,
is 15 times its land area. South Island is the largest island is home to a quarter of the
population of New Zealand.
~ The highest peak is the Mount Cook altitude 3,754 meters above sea level, she is in
the Southern Alps runs through the South Island
~ South Island has an 18 altitude of over 3,000 meters peaks. Eastern region of the
Canterbury Plains.
~ West Coast is known for its rugged coastline, there are quite a few natural forests.
Each as Fox Glacier and Franz Josef Glacier is also quite famous.
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~ North Island than the South Island mountain less and most are volcanic. Is the
highest peak in North Island Lua Pei Hu Shan, altitude 2,797 meters, it is an active
volcano.
~ Lake Taupo is positioned near the center of the North Island, is New Zealand's
largest lake. Lake Taupo is located in a break in the crater, because 70,000 years ago,
the birth of a major volcanic eruption.
~ New Zealand and some karst areas, the largest of which is the Takaka and nearby
areas. Some of the karst terrains are well-known tourist attractions: Waitomo Caves
and Punakaiki.
Natural disaster
~ The earthquake more, but mostly due to the disaster is not serious. Average of 3,000
earthquakes a year, most of the earthquake on the Richter scale is not more than three.
The earthquake also triggered a tsunami.
~ In the central North Island region, volcanic activity is also very common. In the
summer, there will be some areas of the volcano.
~ Otago and Canterbury plains when drought. New Zealand and most natural disasters
are floods, winter in most areas affected by floods;
~ Low rainfall in hilly areas for multi-terrain rain, when injected into the mountain
streams of major rivers, often there will be a sharp rise in river levels due to the
phenomenon of water vapor affected by topography and lifting up the condensation
formed by precipitation, even overflowing rivers and flooded the surrounding
farmland.
Australasia of Demographic & Social Issues
I. Australia
Administrative divisions
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Commonwealth of Australia is divided into 6 states and two territories, the Australian
native is mainly composed of five states and two self-governing composition,
remaining a state of Tasmania. This six states and two self-government of
autonomous territory for Australia eight state-level government. Australian native also
includes a small non-self-governing territory (Jervis Bay). In addition, Australia has
six island territories (called overseas territories), and Antarctic Territory.
Antarctic Territory overseas territories and by the direct jurisdiction of the federal
government, the local government level only local agency, but the local government
has greater autonomy.
States and territories are divided into local government areas. Federal, state and
territory and local governments are the three levels of government in Australia.
The six of the states are:
 New South Wales, (800,642 km²), the capital Sydney
 Queensland, (1,730,648 km²) capital Brisbane
 South Australia, (983,482 km²) capital Adelaide
 Tasmania, (68,401 km²) capital Hobart
 Victoria, (227,416 km²) capital Melbourne
 Western Australia, (2,529,875 km²) capital Perth
And two of the territories are:
 Capital Territory, (2,358 km²) capital of Canberra
 Northern Territory, (1,349,129 km²) capital Darwin
Demographic
~ Australia's economy is a prosperous affluent market economy. The main industry is
the service industry, accounting for GDP Qi Cheng. However, agricultural and
mineral exports accounted for 65%.
~ Australia covers 7,69.2 million square kilometers, an area ranked No. 6 worldwide
~Abundant natural resources, a large number of export wool, grain and other
agricultural products and iron, coal and other minerals. Also a member of the OECD
~By IMD: global competitiveness rankings are a number of indicators assessment
listed in the top 10 in Australia
~By Heritage Foundation, 2014 Comment: economic freedom is the world's first 3
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~According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2013 Statistics: world's 12th
largest economy, economies of scale 1 trillion 5,053 billion US dollars, per capita
income of $ 60,000 4,863, the world's No. 5
~Many overseas financial investments in Asia also Australia as Operations Center
~Construction of the second about 11%,services and become Australia's largest group
of employers
~Although Australia is the driest of the world's land mass, but in many parts of the
gradual completion of irrigation systems and the widespread use of phosphorus, in the
case of nitrogen fertilizers has been a lot of desert land can be more widely cultivated
crops
~Australia small population, a number of major exporting countries of agricultural
products, the annual export two-thirds of agricultural products, substantial growth in
the 21st-century wine and dairy production and export.
~But the Australia government are a thing of what things make AUD going so fast?
~Due to the high-wage manufacturing sector less developed, but the vast territory
caused the car is an essential product, its auto assembly industry more components
imported from Asia, making it easy for assembly, repair rampant civil DIY to reduce
wages so cars directly to consumers parts sales industry flourished, general household
goods and hardware supplies supermarket chains are also widely popular, hybrid
vehicles for the Australian market acceptance in recent years.
~Domestic market because of the consumption tax GST, Australian dollar
appreciation, plus the original high wages and geographical remote factors that make
the price of services and the Australian commodity 21st century continued to rise,
leading to becoming a world-famous high consumption of Sydney and even public
transport , daily necessities, tobacco, alcohol and mobile phones and other prices than
New York, London, Frankfurt, Singapore and more.
~Suppressed tourists and natives desire to shop, but also led to the rise of lower-cost
online shopping.
II. New Zealand
Administrative divisions
New Zealand is the one of 16 co Kingdom within Great Britain. Including local, Cook
Islands, Niue, Tokelau, Antarctica Ross Dependency and other five Realm.
New Zealand is divided into 16 local areas and the Chatham Islands Territory,
including Auckland, Gisborne, Tasman, Nelson, Marlborough and other five local and
Chatham Islands territory as a single management area:
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Northern Territory Auckland Waikato Bay of Plenty
Gisborne Hawke's Bay Tara Naqi Manawatu –
Wanganui
Wellington Tasman Nelson Marlborough
West Bank Canterbury Otago Southern Region
Chatham Islands
Demographic
~ Economic development, are developed countries.
~ Over the past two decades, the New Zealand economy from agriculture to
successfully transition to the international competitiveness of the industrialized free-
market economy. Agricultural labor force accounts for only 10% of New Zealand, but
the animal is the national economic base. Half of the total exports of agriculture and
animal husbandry products. Lamb exports are all world, dairy and coarse wool.
~ Is the world's largest producer and exporter of velvet, it accounted for 30% of the
world production. There are deposits of coal, gold, iron, natural gas, and silver,
manganese, tungsten, phosphate, oil, etc., but not reserves. 30 million tons of oil
reserves and natural gas reserves of 1,700 billion cubic meters. Rich in forest
resources, an area of 8.1 million hectares, 30% of the national land. There are 6.3
million hectares of natural forest, planted 1.8 million hectares. The main products are
timber, logs, wood pulp, paper and board and so on.
~ Rich fishery. Emphasis on animal husbandry and processing of industrial products,
mainly dairy products, blankets, food, wine, leather, tobacco, paper and wood
processing and other light industry products are mainly for export.
~ Agriculture is highly mechanized, the main crops are wheat, barley, oats, and fruits.
Food to be imported from Australia, can not be self-sufficient. Livestock land 1,352
million hectares, half of the total land. Crude wool production accounts for 25% of
world exports in the world.
~200-mile exclusive economic zone for the world's fourth largest, rich fishery, the
fishing potential in the region of about 50 tons per year.
~New Zealand Pleasant climate, the environment clean and beautiful scenery, tourist
attractions all over, the surface rich landscape changes. Tourism accounts for about
10% of GDP, second only to the dairy industry is the second largest foreign exchange
industry. North Island volcanoes and hot springs, glaciers and lakes more than the
South Island.
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~In particular, North Island Mount Ruapehu area, surrounded by 14 volcanoes, more
than 1,000 high-temperature geothermal fountains, all kinds of boiling springs,
fumaroles, boiling mud and geysers and another mix of spectacle, the formation of the
world's rare and unique volcanic geothermal anomaly zone.
~Standard of living is very high, ranking 7th in the United Nations 2014 Human
Development Index.
Although New Zealand is a developed country, they are still obsession by natural
disasters, why? And how does government do?
Australasia of Culture
Australia is a country that in the past has experienced the British rule. It is a country
that nowadays still has the local indigenous people living and we can find the track of
them through their traditional art. As a country blessed with nature such as sea and
beach, their culture is a relatively loved adventure and more or less preferring the
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relaxing lifestyle. Nowadays, as much Chinese moving in, visitors can enjoy pork
dumpling and noodles in china town.
Below are some activities found in travel book that can enrich understanding into
Australia?
Queen Victoria market
You can see the music and food are in everywhere, especially from mid-November to
the end of February.
Cinema and Sport Stadium
It is mainly catering the families and in Australia, there are many these facilities.
During September in Melbourne cricket ground, you can see fans showing sign of
devotion during the competition called AFL Grand Final.
Water Sport
Learning to surf is an Australian rite of passage. In Byron Bay , you can see many
people go surfing in a leisurely fashion.
With sea turtle, fishes, worms, and corals, it is popular for locals and visitors to go
night diving .
(Destination: Lady Elliot Island, Lady Musgrave Island)
Discovering indigenous culture
In Australia, the museum of the northern territory, there is a collection of their
carving, bark painting and dot painting from the desert.
Even in today, it is believed that there are 59,000 aboriginal people living in Western
Australia using different languages.
Walking Trail
Local people enjoy a great length of walking. The aim is to have excitement and to
enjoy the natural life.
New Zealand and Australia share something in common. They are both a colony in
before. New Zealand‘s early inhabitant are Maori people. They sign a treaty with
Britain. Today, the numbers of them are reduced but visitors can still understand their
culture through visiting their village.
Drinking, dining, and music are their favors. In the night time, you can see a dynamic
life in a coffee shop and pub. Marlborough region is famous for producing wine and it
may provide a condition for the wine drinking culture.
Similar to Australia who like sport, mountain biking, and hiking is their popular
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activities. In winter, people in there would engage in snow sport such as skiing.
Nature provides them a lot of fun, the culinary culture is rich. In a restaurant,
especially in Nelson, you can have seafood BBQ and fresh cooked crays as your
dishes. In hot water beach where hot water would ooze up from beneath the surface,
people can enjoy a personal spa.
New Zealand people take pride of their landscape. Tranz Alpine, one of the world
great tram journey, provides visitors and locals a great opportunity to seeing.
Australasia of Tourism Attraction
Australia
1. Bennelong Point, Sydney
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Mention "Sydney, Australia" and most people think of the Opera House. Shaped like
huge shells or billowing sails, this breathtaking building on Sydney's Bennelong Point
graces the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is one of the world's great
architectural icons. The location is stunning. Water surrounds the structure on three
sides and the Royal Botanic Gardens border it to the south. Danish architect, Jørn
Utzon won an international competition for its design, but withdrew from the project
after technical and financing problems. Construction was finally completed in 1973 at
a cost ten times the original budget. By this time Utzon had left the country never
returning to see his magnificent creation.
Today visitors can enjoy a meal at one of the restaurants or take a tour of the building,
which encompasses theatres, studios, a concert hall, exhibition rooms, and a cinema.
But it's far more impressive viewed from a distance. One of the best sites to
photograph the Opera House is Mrs Macquarie's Chair in the Royal Botanic Gardens
or from aboard a harbor cruise.
2. Sydney Harbor, Sydney
Along with the Opera House, the Sydney Harbor Bridge is one of Australia's most
famous icons. Affectionately called "the Coat hanger", this impressive feat of
construction is the largest steel arch bridge in the world. It was completed in 1932, 40
years before the Sydney Opera House. Rising 134 m above the harbor, the bridge
spans 500 m connecting Sydney's north shore to the central business district. In
addition to the pedestrian path, two railway lines extend over the bridge as well as
eight lanes for road traffic, the direction of which can be switched to accommodate
traffic flow.
One of the top things to do in Sydney is a guided ascent to the top of the bridge where
visitors can enjoy spectacular views of the harbor and city. For an overview of the
bridge's history and construction visit the museum in the southeastern pier.
Interestingly, Paul Hogan, of Crocodile Dundee fame, worked as a painter on the
bridge before rocketing to international stardom.
3. Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney
Along with the Opera House, the Sydney Harbour Bridge is one of Australia's most
famous icons. Affectionately called "the Coathanger", this impressive feat of
construction is the largest steel arch bridge in the world. It was completed in 1932, 40
years before the Sydney Opera House. Rising 134 m above the harbor, the bridge
spans 500 m connecting Sydney's north shore to the central business district. In
addition to the pedestrian path, two railway lines extend over the bridge as well as
eight lanes for road traffic, the direction of which can be switched to accommodate
traffic flow.
One of the top things to do in Sydney is a guided ascent to the top of the bridge where
visitors can enjoy spectacular views over the harbor and city. For an overview on the
bridge's history and construction visit the museum in the southeastern pier.
Interestingly, Paul Hogan, of Crocodile Dundee fame, worked as a painter on the
bridge before rocketing to international stardom.
4. Blue Mountains National Park, Sydney
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, beautiful Blue Mountains National Park lies 81 km
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west of Sydney and is a popular day trip from the city. Named for the blue haze
emanating from the many eucalyptus trees, this stunning park protects more than
664,000 acres of bush land and encompasses dramatic gorges, waterfalls, aboriginal
rock paintings, and 140 km of hiking trails. The most famous attractions in the park
are the towering sandstone rock formations called the Three Sisters. Other highlights
include the Katoomba Scenic Railway, the world's steepest, which whisks passengers
down the Jamison Valley through a cliff side tunnel into an ancient rainforest. Hiking,
abseiling, rock climbing, mountain biking, and horseback riding is all popular things
to do in the park.
5. Bondi Beach, Sydney
Bronzed bodies, blond sand, backpackers, and surf - throw it all together and you get
one of the world's most famous beaches. Only 15 minutes by car from the city center,
Bondi Beach is home to one of the oldest surf life-saving clubs in the world. It's also a
great spot for a seaside stroll or picnic.
The scenic Bondi to Bronte coastal walk begins at the southern end of the beach and
follows the coastline for 6 km along sandstone cliffs. Shops, cafes, and restaurants lie
across the street from this famous coastal strip, and the beach is a hotspot on
Christmas Day and New Year's Eve. Tourists and locals alike visit the Sunday
markets and frolic at the ocean pool and skate park. Strong rip tides often sweep
unsuspecting swimmers out to sea, especially at the southern end of this kilometer-
long strand, so swimmers should stay between the flags.
Australasia of Tourism Development
Australia
Air
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Flying is the best way to cover large distances in a short time. You’ll spend less time
travelling and more time on the ground savouring Australia’s can’t-miss landscapes
and laid-back lifestyle. Australia’s domestic airlines – Qantas, Jetstar, Virgin
Australia, Rex and their subsidiaries - serve all state capital cities and regional cities.
Competition amongst domestic airlines means that great fares are available.
Drive
Australia has a vast network of well-maintained roads and some of the most beautiful
touring routes in the world. Travel from Sydney to Brisbane past sleepy seaside towns
and lush hinterland. Experience Australia’s Red Centre in an epic drive across the
desert. Or follow Victoria’s Great Ocean Road as it hugs our spectacular south-east
coast. You’ll find car rental companies at major airports, central city locations,
suburbs, and resorts. So hire a car, four wheel drive, caravans or motorbike and hit the
highway.
Bus/Coach
Coach and bus travel in Australia are comfortable, easy and economical. Coaches
generally have air conditioning, reading lights, adjustable seats and videos. Services
are frequent, affordable and efficient. Australia’s national coach operator, Greyhound,
offer passes to fit every budget.
Rail
Train travel is a convenient, affordable and scenic way to explore Australia. Interstate
and intrastate rail services connect our cities and regional centers while cross-country
train trips offer a unique insight into Australia’s size and diversity. Travelling options
range from budget to luxury, and a range of rail passes can reduce your costs if you
plan to see large sections of the country.
Country link trains connect New South Wales destinations and also travel along
Australia’s east coast to Melbourne, Brisbane, and Canberra. V-Line trains link
Melbourne with regional hubs in Victoria, Travel train covers Queensland and Trans-
WA crisscrosses Western Australia.
Australia also has epic rail journeys such as The Ghan and Indian-Pacific, which
sweep across the continent, offering comfort and a sense bygone romance. The
Indian-Pacific travels between Sydney to Perth, stopping for whistle-stop tours of
Broken Hill, Adelaide, and gold-rich Kalgoorlie. The legendary Ghan travels between
Adelaide and Darwin, taking in Australia’s Red Centre and the tropical Top End.
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Ferries
The Spirit of Tasmania runs a passenger and vehicle ferry service between Melbourne
and Tasmania nightly. Extra services are running during summer peak times. Sealink
ferries connect South Australia and Kangaroo Island several times a day. Ferries
connect suburbs in our capital cities – they criss-cross Sydney Harbour, the Swan
River in Perth and the Brisbane River in Brisbane.
Australasia of Tourism Policy
New Zealand
Visitor Visa
Australian citizen doesn't need a visa to visit and can stay indefinitely.
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56 countries including Canada, France, Germany, and the USA can stay 3 months
without having to apply for visa. Hong Kong is included in the list.
Other countries without agreement have to pay New Zealand Dollar 110.
Departure tax is required except the airport in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin.
15 % good and service tax are charged on domestic good and services.
Duty free allowance:
• 4.5 L of wine or beer
• Dutiable good up to the value of 700 dollars
Declaration of items
• Unusual medicine
• Plant and animal items
• Tramping gear such as boots and gear
Australia
Visa
All visitors except Australia need to apply for the visa.
European passport holders can apply for e-Visitor for 3 months
Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia and USA people have to apply for Business ETA for 12
months
10 % good and service tax are charged on domestic good and services.
Visitors have to contribute their money for their share of carbon emission.
Transportation of food and flowers and procession of weapon is restricted.
Duty free allowance:
• 2.25 L of alcohol
• Dutiable good up to the value of 900 dollars
Declaration of items
• Unusual medicine
• Plant and animal items ( except drum with animal hide for a skin )
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• Currency in excess of 10,000 dollars and prescript medicine
Australasia of Effects of Tourism Development
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There are some positive and negative effects on Tourism Development. Mainly, it
brings economic, social and environmental benefits, particularly in rural areas and
developing countries, but mass tourism is also associated with negative effects.
Tourism can only be sustainable if it is carefully managed so that potential negative
effects on the host community and the environment are not permitted to outweigh the
financial benefits.
Economic Effects
Tourism creates jobs, both through direct employment within the tourism industry and
indirectly in sectors such as retail and transportation. When these people spend their
wages on goods and services, it leads to what is known as the "multiplier effect,"
creating more jobs. The tourism industry also provides opportunities for small-scale
business enterprises, which is especially important in rural communities, and
generates extra tax revenues, such as airport and hotel taxes, which can be used for
schools, housing, and hospitals.
Jobs are seasonal and poorly paid. Most money goes out of the area too big companies
not local. Prices increase in local shops as tourists are often more wealthy than the
locals.
Social Effects
The improvements to infrastructure and new leisure amenities that result from tourism
also benefit the local community. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional
customs, handicrafts, and festivals that might otherwise have been allowed to wane,
and it creates civic pride. Interchanges between hosts and guests create a better
cultural understanding and can also help raise global awareness of issues such as
poverty and human rights abuses.
Culture and tradition change as outsiders arrive.
Political Effects
Political change can either increase or decrease a country’s attractiveness for tourism,
depending on what the change is.
If a country is perceived as unsafe before the change and the change results in a
feeling of increased stability, then the country can slowly recover to a natural state of
tourism but if it is perceived as unstable as a result of the political change, such as
Egypt, Zimbabwe, Cuba, tourism will be plummet.
Environmental Effects
It helps promote conservation of wildlife and natural resources such as rainforests, as
these are now regarded as tourism assets. It also helps generate funding for
maintaining animal preserves and marine parks through entrance charges and guide
fees. By creating alternative sources of employment, tourism reduces problems such
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as over-fishing and deforestation in developing nations.
The mass inflow of tourism cause destruction to the natural environment e.g. erosion,
litter, habitats destroyed to build hotel and road. Overcrowding and traffic jams.
Australasia for Reminders for Traveling to the Tourists
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Money/Currency Exchange
Currency exchange is available at banks, hotels, and international airports. The most
commonly accepted credit cards are American Express, Bankcard, Diners Club,
MasterCard, Visa, JCB and their affiliates. Try this handy currency converter.
Goods and Services Tax
Australia has a Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 10 per cent. You may be able to
claim a refund of the GST paid on goods bought here if you have spent AUD$300 or
more in one store, no more than 30 days before departing Australia. Tourist Refund
Scheme facilities are located in the departure area of international terminals. For more
detailed information see Australian government information on the Tourist Refund
Scheme.
Shopping
You’ll find large department stores, arcades, malls, gift and souvenir shops. Trading
hours vary across the country but shops in tourist and city areas are generally open
until 6pm, with the exception of late night shopping on either Thursdays or Fridays in
different states. In Australia’s consumer protection laws that require businesses to
treat you fairly cover you.
Tipping and bargaining
Most of the countries Hotels and restaurants do not add service charges to your bill. In
up market restaurants, it is usual to tip waiters up to ten per cent of the bill for good
service. However, tipping is always your choice. It is not the custom to bargain in
Australia, America, and other countries.
Emergency assistance
The emergency number for police, ambulance and or fire brigade is 000 in Australia.
Surf and water safety
Australia’s popular beaches are usually patrolled by volunteer lifesavers from October
to April and red and yellow flags mark the safest area for swimming. For information
about marine stingers and crocodile, safety read the Queensland Government website.
Language
Australia’s official language is English. However, being a multicultural nation with a
significant migrant population, we also enjoy a tremendous diversity of languages and
cultures.
Electrical power points
Our electrical current is 220 – 240 volts, AC 50Hz. The Australian three-pin power
22

outlet is different from some other countries, so you may need an adaptor.
Communication
Australia’s country code is 61. Local calls from public pay phones are untimed and
charged at AUD$.050. Mobile, long distance, and overseas calls are usually
timed.Mobile phone network coverage is available across Australia, however,
coverage may be limited in some remote areas. Internet access is widely available at
internet cafes, accommodation, and libraries.
Postal services
Post offices are usually open 9am – 5pm, Monday to Friday, with some city post
offices open on Saturday morning. Travellers can arrange to collect mail at post
Accessible Travel
If you have a disability and are planning to explore Australia, there is a host of
services and special deals to meet your needs. Thorough preparation is essential to a
successful trip, so speak to your travel agent about your specific requirements. For
more information on accessible tourism in Australia go to NICA or the
AustraliaForAll websites.
23

References
1. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia - Australia
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE
%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A
2. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia –New Zealand
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0
3. ABC News Radio
^Richards, Kel. Australasia. Wordwatch. ABC News Radio. 2006{30-09-2006}^
4. Navigation for School and College
^A.C. GARDNER and W.G. CREELMAN,(1965).Navigation for school &
college, 2007 revised. Cp 1, The Terrestrial Sphere^
5. Tourism development in Australia
www.planetware.com
6. USA TODAY: Latest World and US News
http://www.usatoday.com/
7. Tourism Australia
http://www.australia.com
8. GeoHack
https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=
%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA
%9A&params=28_46_3.57_S_133_46_10.31_E_region:AU_scale:20000000
9. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Geography of Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Australia
10. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Climate of Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Australia
11. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Geology of Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Australia
12. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Geography of New Zealand
24

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand
13. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Climate of New Zealand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand
14. Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia – Biodiversity of New Zealand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand
END
25

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