DSS MIS

1. TYPES of DSS

2. Objectives
 Describe seven basic types of DSS.
 Discuss different categories of DSS.
 Based on support
 Based on nature of decision situation
 Based on number of users
 Understand where different types of DSS fit into
Simon’s model of decision making.

3. The DSS Hierarchy
 Suggestion systems
 Optimization systems
 Representational models
 Accounting models
 Analysis information
systems
 Data analysis systems
 File drawer systems

4. File Drawer Systems
 They are the simplest type of DSS
 Can provide access to data items
 Data is used to make a decision
 ATM Machine
 Use the balance to make transfer of funds
decisions

5. Data Analysis Systems
 Provide access to data
 Allows data manipulation capabilities
 Airline Reservation system
 No more seats available
 Provide alternative flights you can use
 Use the info to make flight plans

6. Analysis Information Systems
 Information from several files are combined
 Some of these files may be external
 We have a true “data base”
 The information from one file, table, can be
combined with information from other files
to answer a specific query.

7. Accounting Models
 Use internal accounting data
 Provide accounting modeling capabilities
 Can not handle uncertainty
 Use Bill of Material
– Calculate production cost
– Make pricing decisions

8. Representational Model
 Can incorporate uncertainty
 Uses models to solve decision problem
using forecasts
 Can be used to augment the capabilities of
Accounting models
 Use the demand data to forecast next years
demand
 Use the results to make inventory decisions.

9. Optimization Systems
 Used to estimate the effects of different
decision alternative
 Based on optimization models
 Can incorporate uncertainty
 Assign sales force to territory
 Provide the best assignment schedule

10. Suggestion Systems
 A descriptive model used to suggest to the
decision maker the best action
 A prescriptive model used to suggest to the
decision maker the best action
 May incorporate an Expert System
 Use the system to recommend a decision
 Ex: Applicant applies for personal loan

11. DSS Categories
 Support-based categories (Alter 1980)
– Data-based DSS
– Model-based DSS
 Nature of the decision situation (Donovan &
Madnick 1977)
– Institutional
– Ad hoc
 User-based categories (Keen 1980)
– Individual
– Multi-individual
– Group

12. DSS Categories
 Support based DSS
 Data-based DSS
 Model-based DSS
Structured
Semi-structure
Unstructured
Model-based
DSS
Data-based
DSS

13. DSS Categories
 Based on the nature of the decision situation
 Institutional
 Culture of the organization
 Regularly used
 Used by more than one persons
 Ad hoc
 One of kind
 One-time use
 Used by single individual

14. DSS Categories
 Based on number of users
 Individual
 Multi-individual
 Group
Benefits Individual Multi-
individual
Group
Improving personal efficiency H H L
Expediting problem solving L M H
Facilitating communication L L H
Promoting learning M H H
Increasing control L H M

15. Simon’s Model
Problem Identification
Qualitative
Analysis
Quantitative
Analysis
Decision
External Internal
AI, EIS
ES
DbDSS,
MbDSS
GDSS
ES
DSS
Intelligence
Design
Choice

16. Usage Modes
 Subscription Mode
 Terminal Mode
 Clerk Mode
 Intermediary Mode

17. Subscription Model
 Decision maker receives outputs from the
DSS on regular basis

18. Terminal Mode
 Direct use of the DSS by the decision maker
 Access is through individual terminals
 May be user specific requirements

19. Clerk Mode
 Decision maker fills out a form requesting
output from DSS
 A clerk accesses the DSS
 Sends the output to the decision maker

20. Intermediary Mode
 Decision maker uses the DSS with the help
of a professional, knowledgeable assistant
 The assistant can be either a:
– Staff Assistant
– Technical Support Staff
– Business Analyst