The document contains 5 programs that implement various data structures and algorithms using C++ templates. Program 1 implements a stack ADT using arrays. Program 2 implements a queue ADT using arrays. Program 3 implements a stack using a singly linked list. Program 4 implements queues using singly linked lists. Program 5 contains parts a-c which implement conversion between infix, postfix and prefix notation as well as evaluation of postfix expressions. Program 6 implements a deque (double ended queue) using a doubly linked list.

1. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 1)
/* Implementation of STACK ADT using arrays */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template <class t>
class stack
{
t s[20];
int top,size;
public:
stack (int);
void push(t);
t pop();
void display();
};
template <class t>
stack <t> :: stack(int n)
{
top=-1;
size=n;
}
template <class t>
void stack<t> :: push(t item)
{
if(top>=size-1)
cout<<"stack is full";
else
s[++top]=item;
}
template <class t>
t stack <t> :: pop()
{
if(top==-1)
{
cout<<"n stack is emptyn";
return 0;
}
else
return (s[top--]);
}
template <class t>
void stack <t> :: display()
{
if(top==-1)
cout<<"n stack is emptyn";
else
{
cout<<"n the stack elements aren";
for(int i=top;i>=0;i--)
cout<<s[i]<<endl;
}
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}
void main()
{
stack <int> s1(20);
stack <char> s2(20);
int ch,ch1;
int iitem,piitem;
char citem,pcitem;
clrscr();
do
{
cout<<"nn 1.pushn 2.pop n 3.exitn";
cout<<"n Enter ur choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"n 1.Integer n 2.Character n";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
cout<<"n Enter the element:";
cin>>iitem;
s1.push(iitem);
s1.display();
}
else
{
cout<<"n Enter the character :";
cin>>citem;
s2.push(citem);
s2.display();
}
break;
case 2:
cout<<"n 1.Integer n 2.Character n";
cout<<"Enter ur choice :";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
piitem=s1.pop();
cout<<"n The popped element is n";
cout<<piitem;
s1.display();
}
else
{
pcitem=s2.pop();
cout<<"n The popped element is n";
cout<<pcitem;
s2.display();
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} break;
}
}while(ch<=2);
}
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4. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 2)
/* Implementation of QUEUE ADT using arrays */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
template <class t>
class queue
{
t q[10];
int front,rear,size;
public:
queue(int);
void insert(t);
t del();
void display();
};
template <class t>
queue <t>:: queue(int n)
{
rear=-1;
front=-1;
size=n;
}
template <class t>
void queue <t> :: insert(t item)
{
if(rear==size-1)
cout<<"n Queue is full n";
else
{
q[++rear]=item;
if(front==-1)
front=0;
}
}
template <class t>
t queue <t> :: del()
{
if(front==-1)
{
cout<<"n queue is empty n";
return 0;
}
else
{
if(front==rear)
{
int temp=q[front];
front=-1;
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rear=-1;
return temp;
}
else
return (q[front++]);
}
}
template <class t>
void queue <t> :: display()
{
if(front==-1)
cout<<"n queue is emptyn";
else
{
cout<<"n the queue elements are :n";
for( int i=front;i<=rear;i++)
cout<<q[i]<<endl;
}
}
void main()
{
queue <int> q1(20);
queue <char> q2(20);
int ch,ch1,iitem,ditem;
char citem,dcitem;
clrscr();
do
{
cout<<"n 1.Insertionn 2.Deletion n 3.Exitn";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"n 1.Integer n 2.Character n";
cout<<"n Enter ur choice :";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
cout<<"n Enter the element :";
cin>>iitem;
q1.insert(iitem);
q1.display();
}
else
{
cout<<"n Enter the element :";
cin>>citem;
q2.insert(citem);
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q2.display();
}
break;
case 2:
cout<<"n 1. Integer 2. Character n";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
ditem=q1.del();
cout<<"n The deleted integer item is :"<<ditem;
q1.display();
}
else
{
dcitem=q2.del();
cout<<"n The deleted character item is :"<<dcitem;
q2.display();
}
break;
}
}while(ch<=2);
}
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7. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 3)
/* Implementation STACK ADT using singly linked list */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
template <class t>
class stack
{
protected:
struct node
{
t data;
node *link;
};
node *top;
public:
void push(t);
void pop();
void display();
stack()
{
top=NULL;
}
};
template <class t>
void stack <t> :: push(t item)
{
node *first=new node[1];
first->data=item;
first->link=top;
top=first;
}
template <class t>
void stack <t> :: pop()
{
if(top==NULL)
cout<<"n stack is empty n";
else
{
cout<<"n the popped elemtn is :"<<top->data;
top=top->link;
}
}
template <class t>
void stack <t> :: display()
{
if(top==NULL)
cout<<"stack is empty";
else
{
node *list=top;
cout<<"n The elements in the stack are n";
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while(list->link!=NULL)
{
cout<<list->data<<endl;
list=list->link;
}
cout<<list->data;
} }
void main()
{
stack <int> s1;
stack <char> s2;
int ch,ch1,iitem;
char citem;
clrscr();
do{
cout<<"n 1.Push n 2.Pop n 3.Exit n";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"n 1.Integer 2.Character n";
cout<<"n Enter your choice :";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
cout<<"n Enter Integer Element:";
cin>>iitem;
s1.push(iitem);
s1.display();
}
else
{
cout<<"n Enter Character Element: ";
cin>>citem;
s2.push(citem);
s2.display();
}
break;
case 2:
cout<<"n 1.Integer 2.Character n";
cout<<"n Enter your choice :";
cin>>ch1;
if(ch1==1)
{
s1.pop();
s1.display();
}
else
{
s2.pop();
s2.display();
}
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break;
}
}while(ch<=2);
}
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10. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 4)
/ * Implementation of Queues using singly LinkedList */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template <class T>
class Listqueue
{
struct node
{
T data;
node *link;
}*front,*rear;
public:
Listqueue();
void Enqueue(T val);
T Dequeue();
void Print();
~Listqueue();
};
template <class T>
Listqueue<T>::Listqueue()
{
front=rear=NULL;
}
template <class T>
void Listqueue<T>::Enqueue(T val)
{
node *newnode,*ptr;
newnode=new node;
if(newnode==NULL)
{
cout<<"Queue is full!!!";
return;
}
else
{
newnode->data=val;
newnode->link=NULL;
if(rear==NULL)
{
front=rear=newnode;
return;
}
rear->link=newnode;
rear=rear->link;
}
}
template <class T>
T Listqueue<T>::Dequeue()
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{
if(front==NULL)
{
cout<<"Queue is empty!!!";
return(0);
}
else
{
node *temp;
temp=front;
T val=front->data;
front=front->link;
delete temp;
cout<<"Deleted item is:";
return val;
}
}
template <class T>
void Listqueue<T>::Print()
{
if(front==NULL)
{
cout<<"Queue is empty!!!";
return;
}
else
{
node *ptr;
ptr=front;
cout<<"Elements in the Queue are:n" ;
while(ptr!=NULL)
{
cout<<ptr->data<<" ";
ptr=ptr->link;
}
}
}
template <class T>
Listqueue<T>::~Listqueue()
{
if(front==NULL)
return;
node *temp;
while(front!=NULL)
{
temp=front;
front=front->link;
delete temp;
}
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}
void main()
{
clrscr();
Listqueue <int>obj;
int ch,flag=1;
while(flag==1)
{
cout<<"nMENU";
cout<<"n1.Insert";
cout<<"n2.Delete";
cout<<"n3.Print";
cout<<"n4.Exit";
cout<<"nEnter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"nEnter the element to be inserted:";
int val;
cin>>val;
obj.Enqueue(val);
cout<<"Do you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 2:
cout<<obj.Dequeue();
cout<<"nDo you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 3:
obj.Print();
cout<<"nDo you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 4:
flag=0;
break;
default:
cout<<"Enter the right choice!!!";
}
}
getch();
}
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13. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 5 a)
/* Convertion of infix expression into postfix expression */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
class intopost
{
char stack[30],infix[30],suffix[30];
int top;
public:
void push(char);
char pop();
int prior(char);
void postfix();
intopost(){
top=-1;
}
};
void intopost :: push(char ch)
{
stack[++top]=ch;
}
char intopost :: pop()
{
return stack[top--];
}
int intopost :: prior(char ch)
{
if(ch=='('||ch=='#')
return 1;
if(ch=='+'||ch=='-')
return 2;
if(ch=='*'||ch=='/')
return 3;
if(ch=='^'||ch=='$')
return 4;
}
void intopost :: postfix(){
int j=0;
push('#');
cout<<"n Enter valid infix expression :";
cin>>infix;
for(int i=0;infix[i]!='0';i++)
{
if(isalnum(infix[i]))
suffix[j++]=infix[i];
else if(infix[i]=='(')
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push(infix[i]);
else if(infix[i]==')')
{
while(stack[top]!='(')
suffix[j++]=pop();
pop();
}
else
{
while(prior(stack[top])>=prior(infix[i]))
suffix[j++]=pop();
push(infix[i]);
}
}
while(stack[top]!='#')
suffix[j++]=pop();
suffix[j]='0';
cout<<"n The corresponding postfix expression is";
cout<<suffix;
}
void main()
{
intopost p;
clrscr();
p.postfix();
getch();
}
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Program 5b)
/* Convertion of infix expression into prefix expression */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
class intoprefix
{
char stack[30],infix[30],suffix[30];
int top;
public:
void push(char);
char pop();
int prior(char);
void prefix();
intoprefix()
{
top=-1;
}
};
void intoprefix :: push(char ch){
stack[++top]=ch;
}
char intoprefix :: pop(){
return stack[top--];
}
int intoprefix :: prior(char ch)
{
if(ch==')'||ch=='#')
return 1;
if(ch=='+'||ch=='-')
return 2;
if(ch=='*'||ch=='/')
return 3;
if(ch=='^'||ch=='$')
return 4;
}
void intoprefix :: prefix()
{
int j=0;
push('#');
cout<<"n Enter the valid infix expression:";
cin>>infix;
strrev(infix);
for(int i=0;infix[i]!='0';i++)
{
if(isalnum(infix[i]))
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suffix[j++]=infix[i];
else if(infix[i]==')')
push(infix[i]);
else if(infix[i]=='(')
{
while(stack[top]!=')')
suffix[j++]=pop();
pop();
}
else
{
while((prior(stack[top])>prior(infix[i]))&&(stack[top]!=')'))
suffix[j++]=pop();
push(infix[i]);
}
}
while(stack[top]!='#')
suffix[j++]=pop();
suffix[j]='0';
strrev(suffix);
cout<<"n The corresponding prefix expression is:";
cout<<suffix;
}
void main()
{
intoprefix p;
clrscr();
p.prefix();
getch();
}
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17. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 5c)
/* evaluation of posffix expression */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#define MAX 50
class eval
{
int s[MAX],top;
char p[20];
double res;
public :
eval()
{
top=-1;
}
void push(double);
double pop();
double result(char, double, double);
void suffixeval();
};
void eval :: push(double e)
{
s[++top]=e;
}
double eval :: pop()
{
return s[top--];
}
double eval :: result(char p,double op1,double op2)
{
switch(p)
{
case '+': return (op2+op1);
case '-': return (op2-op1);
case '*': return (op2*op1);
case '/': return (op2/op1);
case '^': return pow(op2,op1);
}
}
void eval :: suffixeval()
{
cout<<"n Enter a valid postfix expression :";
cin>>p;
for(int i=0;p[i]!='0';i++)
{
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if(isdigit(p[i]))
push((double)(p[i]-'0'));
else
{
double op1,op2;
op1=pop();
op2=pop();
double val=result(p[i],op1,op2);
push(val);
}
}
res=s[top];
cout<<"n After Evaluating result is: "<<res;
}
void main()
{
eval e;
clrscr();
e.suffixeval();
getch();
}
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19. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 6)
/* implementation of deque using doubly linked list */
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
template <class t>
class dll
{
private :
struct node
{
t data;
struct node *next;
struct node *prev;
}*head;
public :
dll(){
head=NULL;
}
void create();
void print();
void insert_front();
void insert_rear();
void del_front();
void del_rear();
};
template <class t>
void dll <t> :: create()
{
node *n1,*last,*temp;
char ans='y';
do
{
n1=new node;
cout<<"nEnter the data:";
cin>>n1->data;
n1->next=NULL;
n1->prev=NULL;
if(head==NULL)
{
head=n1;
last=n1;
}
else
{
last->next=n1;
n1->prev=last;
last=n1;
}
cout<<"n nEnter more ?";
ans=getche();
}while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');
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cout<<"n The list is createdn";
getch();
}
template <class t>
void dll <t> ::print()
{
node *temp;
temp=head;
if(temp==NULL)
{
cout<<"n The list is emptyn";
getch();
return;
}
else
{
cout<<"n The list is :";
while(temp!=NULL)
{
cout<<temp->data<<" ";
temp=temp->next;
}
}
getch();
}
template <class t>
void dll <t> ::insert_rear()
{
node *temp,*n1;
int val,flag=0;
cout<<"n Enter the data of the new node to insert";
cin>>val;
temp=head;
if(temp==NULL)
flag=1;
else
{
while(temp->next!=NULL)
temp=temp->next;
}
n1=new node;
if(n1==NULL)
cout<<"n Unable to allocate memoryn";
n1->data=val;
n1->next=NULL;
n1->prev=NULL;
if(flag==0)
{
temp->next=n1;
n1->prev=temp;
}
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else
head=n1;
cout<<"n Node inserted ";
}
template <class t>
void dll <t> :: insert_front()
{
node *temp,*n1;
int data;
cout<<"n Enter the data of the new node to insert";
cin>>data;
n1=new node;
if(n1==NULL)
cout<<"n Unable to allocate memoryn";
n1->data=data;
n1->next=NULL;
n1->prev=NULL;
if(head)
{
n1->next=head;
head->prev=n1;
}
head=n1;
cout<<"n Node inserted ";
}
template <class t>
void dll <t> :: del_front()
{
node *curr, *temp;
curr=head;
if(curr==NULL)
cout<<"n Node not found";
else
{
if(head->next==NULL && head->prev==NULL)
head=NULL;
else
{
head=curr->next;
head->prev=NULL;
}
}
cout<<"n The item deleted";
delete curr;
}
template <class t>
void dll <t> :: del_rear()
{
node *curr,*temp;
curr=head;
while(curr->next!=NULL)
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curr=curr->next;
temp=curr->prev;
temp->next=NULL;
delete curr;
cout<<" n The item is deletedn";
}
void main()
{
char ans='y';
int ch;
dll <int> d;
dll <char> c;
do{
cout<<"n" <<"MENU";
cout<<"n n1.Create";
cout<<"n n2.Display";
cout<<"n n3.Insertion by front";
cout<<"n n4.Insertion by rear";
cout<<"n n5.Deletion by front";
cout<<"n n6.Deletion by rear";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:d.create();
break;
case 2:d.print();
break;
case 3:d.print();
d.insert_front();
d.print();
break;
case 4:d.insert_rear();
d.print();
break;
case 5:d.print();
d.del_front();
d.print();
break;
case 6:d.print();
d.del_rear();
d.print();
break;
default: cout<<"n Invalid choice";
}
cout<<"n Do you want to continue?";
ans=getch();
}
while(ans=='y'||ans=='Y');
cout<<"n n Enter the characters in a Queue"<<endl;
c.create();
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c.print();
getch();
}
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Program 7)
/* Implementation of Binary search tree for the following operations
a) Inserting an element into a binary search tree
b) Deleting an element from a binary search tree
c) Searching for a key element in a binary search tree
*/
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int element;
node *left,*right;
};
typedef struct node *nodeptr;
template <class t>
class BSTree
{
public:
void insert(t,nodeptr &);
void del(t, nodeptr &);
int delet(nodeptr &);
void search(t,nodeptr &);
void display(nodeptr &, int);
};
template <class t>
void BSTree <t> ::insert( t x,nodeptr &p)
{
if(p==NULL)
{
p=new node;
p->left=NULL;
p->right=NULL;
p->element=x;
}
else
{
if(x<p->element)
insert(x,p->left);
else if(x>p->element)
insert(x,p->right);
else
cout<<"n Eelement already exist!";
}
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}
template <class t>
void BSTree <t> ::del(t x,nodeptr &p)
{
nodeptr d;
if(p==NULL)
cout<<"n Element not found";
else if(x<p->element)
del(x,p->left);
else if(x>p->element)
del(x,p->right);
else if((p->left==NULL)&&(p->right==NULL))
{
d=p;
delete d;
p=NULL;
cout<<"n Element deleted";
}
else if(p->left==NULL)
{
d=p;
delete d;
p=p->right;
cout<<"Element deleted";
}
else if(p->right==NULL)
{
d=p;
p=p->left;
delete d;
cout<<"n Element deleted";
}
else
p->element=delet(p->right);
}
template <class t>
int BSTree <t>:: delet(nodeptr &p)
{
int c;
if(p->left==NULL)
{
c=p->element;
p=p->right;
return c;
}
else
c=delet(p->left);
return c;
}
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template <class t>
void BSTree<t> :: search(t x, nodeptr &p)
{
if(p==NULL)
cout<<"n Element not found";
else
{
if(x<p->element)
search(x,p->left);
else if(x>p->element)
search(x,p->right);
else
cout<<"n Element found";
}
}
template <class t>
void BSTree <t>:: display(nodeptr &x,int level)
{
int i;
if(x)
{
display(x->right,level+1);
cout<<"n";
for(i=0;i<level;i++)
cout<<" ";
cout<<x->element;
display(x->left,level+1);
}
}
void main()
{
BSTree <int>t;
clrscr();
nodeptr root=NULL;
int item;
int ch;
do
{
cout<<"nn MENUn";
cout<<"n 1.Create 2.Display 3.Search 4.Delete 5.Exitn";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:while(1)
{
cout<<"Enter value:Enter -1 to stop:";
cin>>item;
if(item==-1)
break;
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t.insert(item,root);
}
break;
case 2: t.display(root,1);
break;
case 3:cout<<"n Enter element to be inserted:";
cin>>item;
t.search(item,root);
break;
case 4:cout<<"n Enter the element to be deleted:";
cin>>item;
t.del(item,root);
break;
case 5: exit(0);
default: cout<<"n Invalid choice";
}
getch();
}
while (1);
}
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28. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 8)
//implementation of circular queue ADT using Array
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX 5
template <class T>
class Cirqueue
{
T *Cqueue;
int front,rear;
public:
Cirqueue();
void Insertitem(T val);
T deleteitem();
void print();
~Cirqueue();
};
template <class T>
Cirqueue<T>::Cirqueue()
{
Cqueue=new T[MAX];
front=rear=-1;
}
template <class T>
void Cirqueue<T>::Insertitem(T val)
{
if(rear==-1)
{
front=rear=0;
Cqueue[rear]=val;
}
else
{
if(((rear+1)%MAX)!=front)
{
rear=(rear+1)%MAX;
Cqueue[rear]=val;
}
else
cout<<"Queue is FULL!!!";
}
}
template <class T>
T Cirqueue<T>::deleteitem()
{
if(front==-1)
{
cout<<"Queue is EMPTY!!!";
return(0);
}
else
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{
T val=Cqueue[front];
if(front==rear)
front=rear=-1;
else
front=(front+1)%MAX;
return val;
}
}
template <class T>
void Cirqueue<T>::print()
{
if(front==-1)
{
cout<<"Queue is EMPTY!!!";
return;
}
else
{
for(int i=front;i<=rear;i++)
cout<<Cqueue[i]<<" ";
}
if(front>rear)
{
for(int m=front;m<MAX;m++)
cout<<Cqueue[m]<<" ";
for(int n=0;n<=rear;n++)
cout<<Cqueue[n]<<" ";
}
}
template <class T>
Cirqueue<T>::~Cirqueue()
{
delete[]Cqueue;
}
int main()
{
clrscr();
Cirqueue <int>obj;
int ch,flag=1;
while(flag==1)
{
cout<<"nMENU";
cout<<"n1.Insert";
cout<<"n2.Delete";
cout<<"n3.Print";
cout<<"n4.Exit";
cout<<"nEnter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
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{
case 1:
cout<<"nEnter the element to be inserted:";
int val;
cin>>val;
obj.Insertitem(val);
cout<<"Do you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 2:
cout<<"nDeleted item is:";
cout<<obj.deleteitem();
cout<<"nDo you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 3:
cout<<"nElements in the queue are:";
obj.print();
cout<<"nDo you want to continue?(Yes=1 or No=0):";
cin>>flag;
break;
case 4:
flag=0;
break;
default:
cout<<"Enter the right choice!!!";
}
}
return 0;
getch();
}
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31. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 9)
/*Using non-recursive functions to traversing the given binary tree in
a) Preorder b) Inorder c) Postorder */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int top=-1,top1=-1,ch;
template<class t>
class bst
{
struct node
/* definig structure for node */
{
public:
t data;
node *left,*right;
}*root,*a[20],*b[20];
public:
bst()
{
root=NULL;
}
struct node *insert(node *r,t val)
{
if(r==NULL)
/* insertion for first element */
{
r=new node;
r->data=val;
r->left=NULL;
r->right=NULL;
}
else
{
if(r->data<val)
r->right=insert(r->right,val);
else
r->left=insert(r->left,val);
}
return(r);
}
struct node *deletion(node *r,t val)
{
node *data,*d,*x,*p,*i;
int f=0;
x=r;
p=NULL;
while(x!=NULL)
{
if(x->data==val) /* search for element to delete */
{
d=x;
f=1;
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break;
}
else if(val<x->data)
{
p=x;
x=x->left;
}
else
{
p=x;
x=x->right;
}
}
if(f==0)
cout<<"n element not found";
else
/* deletion of element */
{
if(d->left!=NULL && d->right!=NULL)
{
p=d;
i=d->left;
while(i->right!=NULL)
{
p=i;
i=i->right;
}
d->data=i->data;
d=i;
}
if(d->left!=NULL && d->right==NULL)
{
if(p==NULL)
r=d->left;
else if(d==p->left)
p->left=d->left;
else
p->right=d->right;
}
if(d->left==NULL && d->right!=NULL)
{
if(p==NULL)
r=NULL;
else if(d==p->left)
p->left==NULL;
else
p->right=NULL;
}
cout<<"n elements deleted ";
return(r);
}
}
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33. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
void inorder_non_rec(node *r) /* inorder traversal */
{
node *l;
l=r;
do
{
while(l!=NULL)
{
push(l);
l=l->left;
}
while(top>-1)
{
l=pop();
cout<<" "<<l->data;
if(l->right!=NULL)
{
l=l->right;
break;
}
else
l=NULL;
}
}while(l!=NULL);
}
void preorder_non_rec(node *r) /* for pre order traversal */
{
node *l;
l=r;
do
{
cout<<" "<<l->data;
if(l->right!=NULL)
push(l->right);
l=l->left;
if(l==NULL && top>-1)
l=pop();
}while(l!=NULL);
}
void postorder_non_rec(node *r) /* for post order traversal */
{
node *l;
l=r;
do
{
while(l!=NULL)
{
push(l);
if(l->right!=NULL)
{
push(l->right);
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b[++top1]=l->right;
}
l=l->left;
}
do
{
l=pop();
if(l!=b[top1])
cout<<" "<<l->data;
else
{
top1=top1-1;
break;
}
}while(top>-1);
}while(l!=NULL && top>-1);
}
void push(node *r) /* function for pushing */
{
top=top+1;
a[top]=r;
}
struct node *pop() /* function for popping */
{
return a[top--];
}
int function()
/* function for calling operations */
{
t element;
cout<<"nmenu n 1 insert 2 inorder 3 preorder 4 post order 5 delete 6 exitn";
do
{
cout<<"n enter ur choice ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:cout<<"n enter element to be inserted:";
cin>>element;
root=insert(root,element);
break;
case 2:cout<<"n rec inorder traversal:";
inorder_non_rec(root);
break;
case 3:cout<<"n rec preorder traversal :";
preorder_non_rec(root);
break;
case 4:cout<<"n rec post order traversal:";
postorder_non_rec(root);
break;
case 5:cout<<"n enter element to be deleted :";
cin>>element;
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deletion(root,element);
break;
case 6:return(0);
}
}while(ch<6);
}
};
void main()
{
bst<int>b1;
bst<float>b2;
bst<char>b3;
clrscr();
while(1)
{
cout<<"n data type n 1 int 2 float 3 char 4 exit n";
cout<<"enter data type n";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:b1.function();
break;
case 2:b2.function();
break;
case 3:b3.function();
break;
case 4:exit(1);
}
}
getch();
}
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36. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 10 a)
// Program for the implementation of Breadth First Search of graph
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define max 10
class que
{
private :
int arr[max];
int rear,front;
public:
void insert(int);
int del();
int isqempty();
int isqful();
que()
{
front=rear=-1;
}
};
void que::insert(int item)
{
if(isqful())
cout<<"n Queue is full";
else
{
rear++;
arr[rear]=item;
if(front==-1)
front=0;
}
}
int que::del()
{
int item;
if(isqempty())
{
cout<<"nqueue is empty";
return NULL;
}
else
{
item=arr[front];
if(front==rear)
front=rear=-1;
else
front++;
return item;
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37. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
}
}
int que:: isqempty()
{
if(front==-1)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int que::isqful()
{
if(rear==max-1)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
que q;
class graph
{
private :
int adj[max][max];
int vst[max];
int n;
public :
graph()
{
n=0;
}
void buildadjm();
void bfs(int x);
void menu();
};
void graph::buildadjm()
{
int i,j;
cout<<"n Enter the graph in the matrix form:n";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
cout<<"nEnter "<<i<<"row";
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>adj[i][j];
}
}
void graph::bfs(int x)
{
int j,k;
if(vst[x]==0)
{
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38. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
vst[x]=1;
cout<<" "<<x;
}
for(;;)
{
for (j=1;j<=n ;j++ )
{
if((adj[x][j]==1)&&(vst[j]==0))
{
q.insert(j);
vst[j]=1;
}
if(q.isqempty())
return;
else
{
k=q.del();
cout<<" "<<k;
}
}
}
}
void graph::menu()
{
int i;
cout<<"nn Enter number of nodes:";
cin>>n;
buildadjm();
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
vst[i]=0;
cout<<"n The bfs traversal is as follows:n";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(vst[i]==0)
bfs(i);
getch();
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
graph g;
g.menu();
getch();
}
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39. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 10 b)
// Program for the implementation of Depth First Search of graph
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define max 10
class graph
{
private:
int adj[max][max];
int vst[max];
int n;
public :
graph()
{
n=0;
}
void buildadjm();
void dfs(int x);
void menu();
};
void graph::buildadjm()
{
int i,j;
cout<<"n Enter the graph in the matrix form:n";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
cout<<"nEnter "<<i<<"Row :";
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>adj[i][j];
}
}
void graph::dfs(int x)
{
int j;
vst[x]=1;
cout<<" "<<x;
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if((adj[x][j]==1)&&(vst[j]==0))
dfs(j);
}
}
void graph::menu()
{
int i;
cout<<"nn Enter number of nodes:";
cin>>n;
buildadjm();
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
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40. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
vst[i]=0;
cout<<"n The dfs traversal is as follows:n";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(vst[i]==0)
dfs(i);
getch();
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
graph g;
g.menu();
getch();
}
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41. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 11 a)
// Program for the implementation of Quick sort
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
void quick(int,int);
int a[100];
void main()
{
int i,n,lo,hi;
clrscr();
cout<<"enter no.of elements";
cin>>n;
cout<<"enter elements";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
/* reading elements */
lo=0;
hi=n-1;
quick(lo,hi);
cout<<"sorted elements are:n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<a[i]<<"t";
getch();
}
void quick(int l,int h)
/* using quick sort */
{
int i,j,pivot,pin,t;
i=l+1;
j=h;
pivot=a[l];
pin=l;
if(l<h)
{
do
{
while(a[i]<pivot&&i<=h)
i++;
while(a[j]>pivot&&j>=l)
j--;
if(i<j)
{
/* swapping */
t=a[j];
a[j]=a[i];
a[i]=t;
}
}while(i<j);
t=a[pin];
a[pin]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
quick(l,j-1);
quick(j+1,h);
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42. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
}
}
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43. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 11 b)
// Program for the implementation of Merge sort
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void mergesort(int,int);
void merge(int,int,int);
int a[10],b[10];
void main()
{
int i,n,lo,hl;
clrscr();
cout<<"enetr no.of elemnets :";
cin>>n;
cout<<"enetr elements into array";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
/*reading elements */
lo=0;
hl=n-1;
mergesort(lo,hl);
cout<<"sorted elements are:n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<"t"<<a[i];
getch();
}
void mergesort(int l,int h)
{
int mid;
if(l<h)
{
mid=(l+h)/2;
/* breaking array into two parts */
mergesort(l,mid);
mergesort(mid+1,h);
merge(l,mid,h);
}
}
void merge(int l,int mid,int h)
{
int i,j,k,hl;
i=l;
j=mid+1;
k=l;
while(i<=mid&&j<=h)
{
if(a[i]<a[j])
{
b[k]=a[i];
i++;
}
else
{
b[k]=a[j];
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44. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
j++;
}
k++;
}
if(i>mid)
/* finding largest element from two parts */
{
for(hl=j;hl<=h;hl++)
b[k++]=a[hl];
}
else if(j>h)
{
for(hl=i;hl<=mid;hl++)
b[k++]=a[hl];
}
for(k=l;k<=h;k++)
a[k]=b[k];
}
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45. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 11 c)
// Program for the implementation of Heap sort
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int x[10],i,n;
void heap(int);
void maxheap(int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"enter no of elements";
cin>>n;
cout<<"enetr the elements";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
cin>>x[i];
/* reading elements */
heap(n);
cout<<"sorted elements are:";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
cout<<x[i]<<"t";
}
void heap(int n)
{
int t;
while(n>1)
{
maxheap(n); /* calling max heap */
t=x[1];
x[1]=x[n];
x[n]=t;
n=n-1;
}
}
void maxheap(int n)
{
int i,t,j;
for(i=2;i<=n;i++)
{
t=x[i];
j=i;
while(x[j/2]<t&&j>1)
{
x[j]=x[j/2];
j=j/2;
}
x[j]=t;
}
}
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46. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 12 a)
// Program to implement linear search in both recursive and non-recursive
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
template <class t>
class search
{
t a[20],key;
int n;
void getdata();
int linsearch(t);
public:
void menu();
};
template <class t>
void search<t>::getdata()
{
cout<<"n Enter the size of array:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"n Enter array Elementsn";
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
}
template <class t>
int search<t>::linsearch(t key)
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(a[i]==key)
return i;
}
return -1;
}
template <class t>
void search<t> :: menu()
{
int pos,ch;
getdata();
cout<<"n Enter the key value:";
cin>>key;
pos=linsearch(key);
if(pos!=-1)
cout<<"n The key"<< key <<" is found at postion:"<<pos;
else
cout<<"n Serach is unsuccessful";
getch();
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47. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
search <int> s1;
search <char> s2;
do
{
char ch;
cout<<"n MENU n";
cout<<"n 1.Integer 2.Character 3.Exit";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case '1':s1.menu();
break;
case '2':
s2.menu();
break;
case '3':
exit(0);
default: cout<<"n Invalid choice";
}
getch();
}
while (1);
}
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48. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 12 b)
// Program to implement Binary search in both recursive and non-recursive
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
template <class t>
class search
{
t a[20],key;
int n;
void getdata();
void showdata();
void sort();
int binsearch(t);
public:
void menu();
};
template <class t>
void search <t> ::getdata()
{
cout<<"n Enter size of array:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"n Enter array elementsn";
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
}
template <class t>
void search <t> ::showdata()
{
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<" "<<a[i];
}
template <class t>
void search <t> ::sort()
{
for (int i=0;i<n ;i++ )
{
for(int j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}
}
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49. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
template <class t>
int search <t> ::binsearch(t key)
{
int low,high,mid;
low=0;
high=n-1;
while(low<=high)
{
mid=(low+high)/2;
if(a[mid]==key)
return mid;
else
if(key>a[mid])
low=mid+1;
else
high=mid-1;
}
return -1;
}
template <class t>
void search <t> ::menu()
{
int pos,ch;
getdata();
cout<<"n Before sorting";
showdata();
sort();
cout<<"n After sorting";
showdata();
cout<<"n Enter key value:";
cin>>key;
pos=binsearch(key);
if(pos!=-1)
cout<<"The key"<<key<<" is found at position "<< pos;
else
cout<<"n Search is unsuccessful";
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
search <int> s1;
search <char> s2;
do
{
char ch;
cout<<"n MENUn";
cout<<" 1.Integer 2.Character 3.Exit";
cout<<"n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
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50. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
case '1':s1.menu();
break;
case '2':s2.menu();
break;
case '3':exit(0);
default: cout<<"n Invalid choice!";
getch();
}
}while(1);
}
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51. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 13)
// Program to implement AVL tree to for the following operations
a) Insertion into AVL tree
b) Deletion from an AVL tree
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 0
struct node
{
int data;
node *left;
node *right;
int height;
};
typedef node *nodeptr;
template <class t>
class avl
{
public :
void insert(t,nodeptr &);
void delet(t,nodeptr &);
void show(nodeptr &,int);
int avlheight(nodeptr);
int deletmax(nodeptr &);
nodeptr sinrotleft(nodeptr &);
nodeptr sinrotright(nodeptr &);
nodeptr dourotleft(nodeptr &);
nodeptr dourotright(nodeptr &);
int max(t,t);
};
template <class t>
void avl <t> :: insert (t x, nodeptr &p)
{
if(p== NULL)
{
p=new node;
p->data=x;
p->left=NULL;
p->right=NULL;
p->height=0;
}
else
{
if(x<p->data)
{
insert(x,p->left);
if(avlheight(p->left)-avlheight(p->right) ==2)
{
if(x<p->left->data)
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52. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
p=sinrotleft(p);
else
p=dourotleft(p);
}
}
else
{
if(x>p->data)
{
insert(x,p->right);
if((avlheight(p->right)-avlheight(p->left) == 2)
{
if(x<p->right->data)
p=sinrotleft(p);
else
p=dourotleft(p);
}
}
else
{
cout<<"n Element already exist";
return;
}
}
int m,n,d;
m=avlheight(p->left);
n=avlheight(p->right);
d=max(m,n);
p->height=d+1;
}
template <class t>
void avl <t> :: show(nodeptr &x,t level)
{
int i;
if(x)
{
show(x->right,level+1);
cout<<"n";
for(i=0;i<level;i++)
cout<<" ";
cout<<" "<<x->data;
show(x->left,level+1);
}
}
template <class t>
nodeptr avl <t> :: dourotleft(nodeptr &p1)
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53. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
{
p1->left=sinrotright(p1->left);
return sinrotleft(p1);
}
template <class t>
nodeptr avl <t> :: dourotright(nodeptr &p1)
{
p1->right=sinrotright(p1->right);
return sinrotright(p1);
}
template <class t>
nodeptr avl <t> :: sinrotright(nodeptr &p1)
{
nodeptr p2;
p2=p1->right;
p1->right=p2->left;
p2->left=p1;
p1->height=max(avlheight(p1->left),avlheight(p1->right));
p2->height=max(p1->height,avlheight(p2->right)+1);
return p2;
}
template <class t>
nodeptr avl <t> :: sinrotleft(nodeptr &p1)
{
nodeptr p2;
p2=p1->left;
p1->left=p2->right;
p2->right=p1;
p1->height=max(avlheight(p1->left),avlheight(p1->right));
p2->height=max(avlheight(p2->left),p1->height+1);
return p2;
}
template <class t>
void avl <t> :: delet(t x,nodeptr &p)
{
nodeptr d;
if(p==NULL)
cout<<"n Element not found!";
else
if(x<p->data)
{
delet(x,p->left);
if((avlheight(p->right)-avlheight(p->left))==2)
{
int u,pu,gu;
gu=p->data;
pu=p->right->data;
if(p->right->right==NULL)
u=p->right->left->data;
else
u=p->right->right->data;
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54. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
if(gu<pu && pu<u)
p=sinrotright(p);
else
p=dourotright(p);
}
}
else if(x>p->data)
{
delet(x,p->right);
if((avlheight(p->left)-avlheight(p->right))==2)
{
int u,pu,gu;
gu=p->data;
pu=p->left->data;
if(p->right->right==NULL)
u=p->left->right->data;
else
u=p->left->left->data;
if(gu>pu && pu>u)
p=sinrotright(p);
else
p=dourotright(p);
}
}
else
if((p->left==NULL) && (p->right==NULL))
{
d=p;
delete d;
p=NULL;
cout<<"n Element deleted!";
return;
}
else if(p->left==NULL)
{
d=p;
delete d;
p=p->right;
cout<<"n Element deleted";
return;
}
else if(p->right==NULL)
{
d=p;
delete d;
p=p->left;
cout<<"n Element deleted";
return;
}
else
{
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55. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
p->data=deletmax(p->left);
int m,n,d1;
m=avlheight(p->left);
n=avlheight(p->right);
d1=max(m,n);
p->height=d1+1;
}
}
template <class t>
int avl <t> :: avlheight(nodeptr p)
{
int t;
if(p==NULL)
return 0;
else
{
t=p->height;
return t;
}
}
template <class t>
int avl <t> :: deletmax(nodeptr &p)
{
int c;
if(p->right==NULL)
{
c=p->data;
p=p->left;
return c;
}
else
{
c=deletmax(p->right);
return c;
}
}
template <class t>
int avl <t> :: max(t v1,t v2)
{
return ((v1>v2)?v1:v2);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
nodeptr root=NULL;
int element;
avl <int> a1;
while(1)
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56. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
{
cout<<"nEnter elements to insert(Enter -1 to exit) :";
cin>>element;
if(element==-1)
break;
a1.insert(element,root);
}
cout<<"n The tree after insertion:";
a1.show(root,1);
cout<<"n Enter the element to be deleted:";
cin>>element;
cout<<"n the tree after deletion :n";
a1.show(root,1);
cout<<"n";
getch();
}
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57. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
Program 14)
// Program to implement Kruskal’s algorithm to generate a minimum cost spanning tree
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define INFINITY 999
template <class t>
class kruskal
{
private:
typedef struct Graph
{
int v1;
int v2;
t cost;
}GR;
GR G[20];
public :
int tot_edges,tot_nodes;
void create();
void spanning_tree();
void get_input();
int minimum(int);
};
int Find(int v2,int parent[])
{
while(parent[v2]!=v2)
{
v2=parent[v2];
}
return v2;
}
void Union(int i,int j,int parent[])
{
if(i<j)
parent[j]=i;
else
parent[i]=j;
}
template <class t>
void kruskal <t>::get_input()
{
cout<<"n Enter Total number of nodes: ";
cin>>tot_nodes;
cout<<"n Enter Total number of edges: ";
cin>>tot_edges;
}
template <class t>
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58. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
void kruskal <t>::create()
{
for(int k=0;k<tot_edges;k++)
{
cout<<"n Enter Edge in (v1, v2) from";
cin>>G[k].v1>>G[k].v2;
cout<<"n Enter Corresponding cost ";
cin>>G[k].cost;
}
}
template <class t>
int kruskal <t>::minimum(int n)
{
int i,small,pos;
small=INFINITY;
pos=-1;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(G[i].cost<small)
{
small=G[i].cost;
pos=i;
}
}
return pos;
}
template <class t>
void kruskal <t>::spanning_tree()
{
int count,k,v1,v2,i,j,tree[10][10],pos,parent[10];
t sum;
count=0;
k=0;
sum=0;
for(i=0;i<tot_nodes;i++)
parent[i]=i;
while(count!=tot_nodes-1)
{
pos=minimum(tot_edges);
if(pos==-1)
break;
v1=G[pos].v1;
v2=G[pos].v2;
i=Find(v1,parent);
j=Find(v2,parent);
if(i!=j)
{
tree[k][0]=v1;
tree[k][1]=v2;
k++;
count++;
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59. Y.S.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF YOGIVEMANA UNIVERSITY::PRODDATUR
sum+=G[pos].cost;
Union(i,j,parent);
}
G[pos].cost=INFINITY;
}
if(count==tot_nodes-1)
{
cout<<"n Spanning tree is..."<<endl;
cout<<"n _____________"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<tot_nodes-1;i++)
{
cout<<"["<<tree[i][0];
cout<<" - ";
cout<<tree[i][1]<<"]"<<endl;
}
cout<<"n ___________"<<endl;
cout<<"Cost of spanning tree is = "<<sum<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"There is no spanning Tree"<<endl;
}
}
void main()
{
kruskal <int> obj;
clrscr();
cout<<"n t Graph creation ";
obj.get_input();
obj.create();
obj.spanning_tree();
getch();
}
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