This document provides an overview of a Drupal training covering various topics from September 12-20, 2014. The training will introduce participants to core Drupal concepts and components including nodes, content types, taxonomies, views, panels, modules, themes, and the database layer. It will cover setting up a development environment, installing Drupal, configuring the system, and extending Drupal through custom modules and themes. Participants will learn how Drupal handles user requests and its event-driven hook system. The document also provides contact information for the trainer.

1. Drupal Training
SkillsLab – 302Labs
Sep, 12 ~ 20, 2014

2. Main Nodes
• Welcome and Introduction
• What is Drupal ?
• What is Drupal Egypt?
• Drupal Ingredients
• Drupal Terminology
• Drupal Basic Layouts
• How Drupal dealing with User Requests
• Thinking Like Drupal
• Drupal Development environment setup
• Drupal installation and Discovery
• Configuration Before Code

3. This is Me ..
Ahmad Mohamad Zain
TeQniaty CTO/Founder
Egypt Com. Manager
You can fiend me at
Twitter: @iahmadzain
Skype : iahmadzain

4. You ?

5. What is Drupal Egypt
The Drupal community in Egypt

6. Why Drupal ?

7. Why Drupal ?
• Drupal is open.
• Drupal is Web Development. (event-driven ..)
• Drupal is Social. (User System and Roles)
• Drupal is Content. (SEO and etc..)
• Drupal is Scalable. (10m pages & 20K r/s)
• Drupal is Design. (base themes and Omega)
• Drupal is Everywhere. (big, med, small, tiny)
• Drupal is Secure.(OWASP)

8. Why Drupal

9. Drupal VS WP VS Joomla

11. What is Drupal

12. What is Drupal
Drupal is a free, open-source web development platform for online
content and user communities. Drupal powers some of the busiest
sites on the web, and can be adapted to virtually any visual design.
Drupal runs over a million sites, including WhiteHouse.gov, World
Economic Forum, Stanford University, and Examiner.com.
Drupal is a unique combination between CMS and Framework there
power and the simplicity.
Acquia CEO.

13. What is Drupal
• Drupal Pros:
Can do almost anything. Seriously. Drupal was designed to
get new features using tons of little modules. Many of these
modules are maintained by professional developers for large
clients, but you still get them for free. (Feature Rich,
Advanced Admin, Design Customization, Content Types and
WYSIWYG, Scalable, User Collaboration)
• Drupal Cons:
If you're not a developer, Drupal has a reputation for being
difficult. However, the recent release of Drupal 7 brings huge
improvements that make it much easier for normal users.
Still, it's not quite as easy as WordPress.

14. What is Drupal
• Structure
– Nodes & Content types (Drupal Secret Points)
Each item of content in your site is a node. A node has
several default fields. A node can be one of a number of
content types.
– Navigation menus
SEO and Path
– Blocks
– Taxonomies (Categories we can say ..)
– Views (The magic of playing with database via GUI)
– Panels (Play with your layout)

15. Think Like Drupal

16. Think Like Drupal
• How Drupal Works :

17. Source: drupal.org

18. Think Like Drupal
• General Concepts:
– Node (Content)
– Entity types
• An entity type is a useful abstraction to group together fields. Entity types are used to store and display data,
which can be nodes (content), comments, taxonomy terms, user profiles, or something custom developed.
– Comment
– Taxonomy
• Drupal has a system for classifying content known as taxonomy. This is provided by the core Taxonomy module.
You can define your own vocabularies, or groups, of taxonomy terms, and add terms to each vocabulary. Each
vocabulary can then be attached to one or more content types, and in this way, nodes on your site can be
grouped into categories, tagged, or classified in any way you choose.
– User
– Module
• A module is software (code) that extends Drupal functionality. Modules fall into one of three categories:
• Core modules are those included with the main download of Drupal. These can be turned on or off without
downloading additional components. Examples include Blog, Book, Poll, or Taxonomy.
• Contributed modules are downloaded from the Modules download section of drupal.org, and installed within
your Drupal installation. Examples include Panels, Views or Metatag.

19. Think Like Drupal
– Regions & Blocks
– Menus
• There are four standard menus in Drupal 7:
• The Main menu is built by site administrators and displayed automatically in the page header of many themes (and if not,
you can enable their blocks to display them).
• Management is the administration menu, and is presented in the Admin toolbar.
• Navigation is a catch-all menu that usually contains links supplied by modules on your site.
• User menu contains links to the User account and the logout link.
– Theme
– Views
• Although not all sites have Views, most sites include the Views module because of the excellent tools it provides. Views
allows people to choose a list of nodes or other entities and present them as pages, blocks, RSS feeds, or other formats.
The main use case for views is to create dynamically updating lists to content (for example, a listing of latest news), based
on properties of that content (in the case of the news listing, that the content type is “News” and sorted by publication
date).
– Database
• Drupal stores information in a database. Within this database, each type of information has its own database table. For
example, the basic information about the nodes of your site are stored in the Node table, and each field stores its data in
a separate table (which Drupal creates automatically). Comments and Users also have their own database tables, as do
roles, permissions, and other settings.
• The most common database for Drupal is MySQL. However, you can also run Drupal on other database systems, such as
PostgreSQL, as well.
– Path
– Bootstrap

20. Drupal Dev. Environment

21. Drupal Dev. Environment
• Drupal Is flexible but well tested on ..
– Apache
– MySQL, PGSQL, SQLite, MariaDB
– Linux
• System Requirement
– MySQL 5.0.15 (PDO),SQLite 3.3.7
– PHP 5.4
https://www.drupal.org/requirements/php

22. Drupal Development
environment setup

23. Drupal Development environment
setup
• Cloud Like : Drupalgardens
(http://www.drupalgardens.com)
• DDS, VPS, PERSONAL
(MAC Server, Linux, Windows)
• New … Windows Azure

24. Break
Q & A

25. Drupal Installation And
Discovery

26. Drupal Installation And Discovery
• Drupal fresh download (current version 7.28)
• Tools
– XAMPP or WAMPP or MAMPP
(XAMPP is the Hero)
• https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html
– IDEs (PHPStorm, KOMODO, SUBLIM, APTANA)
• Any PHP or Text Editor will be helpful the top
recommended PHPSTORM

27. Drupal Installation And Discovery
• Files and Folders Structure

29. Drupal Installation And Discovery
• Admin area (http://test.local/admin)
• Site Configuration
• Users and Roles
• Modules
• Content Types
• Blocks
• Views
• Appearance

30. Drupal Configurations

31. Drupal Configurations
$databases = array (
'default' =>
array (
'default' =>
array (
'database' => ’MyDataBase',
'username' => ’DBUserName,
'password' => ’DBPassword',
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '',
'driver' => 'mysql',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
);
Sites/default/settings.php

32. Drupal Configurations
http://YOUR-DRUPAL-TEST-SITE/admin/config

33. Q & A

34. Drupal Cases

35. Drupal Cases
The-Economist
http://www.economist.com
Views & Blocks
Migrate
Comments

36. Drupal Cases
Alshari3 News
Localization
Views & Blocks
Mega Menus
Twitter Module

37. Drupal Cases
For More Cases Visit this link
http://www.drupalshowcase.com/site-
industries/Education

38. Extending the Drupal Core

39. Extending the Drupal Core
• Drupal Distros. (Distributions)
Distributions provide site features and functions for a
specific type of site as a single download containing
Drupal core, contributed modules, themes, and pre-
defined configuration. They make it possible to quickly
set up a complex, use-specific site in fewer steps than if
installing and configuring elements individually.
• OpenPublic
• OpenPublish
• Joulio
• Erpal
• Common
• Open Atrium ……

40. Extending the Drupal Core
• Drupal Themes.
(https://www.drupal.org/project/project_theme)
Themes allow you to change the look and feel of your Drupal
site. You can use themes contributed by others or create your
own to share with the community. Contributed themes are
not part of any official release and may not have optimized
code/functionality for your purposes. You can also create a
sub-theme of an existing theme. A sub-theme inherits a
parent theme's resources.
• Partick
• Omega & Omega Sub-Theme
• Seven For Admin
• Adabtive Theme

41. Extending the Drupal Core
• Drupal Modules.
(https://www.drupal.org/project/project_module )
Extend and customize Drupal functionality with contributed modules.
• Views
• Chaos Tool Suite (Ctools)
• Display Suite
• Backup and Migrate
• FB Connect (Facebook integration also OpenGraph)
• Libraries API
• Date
• WebForm
• Entity API
• IMCE
• WySwiyg & CKEditor
• LDAP
• CAPATCHA

42. Drupal Views Part I

43. Drupal Views Part I
• Understanding Views vs. custom code.
– Custom code advantages
• Complete Control
• Huge SQL
• Complete Knowledge
• Simplicity
• Revision control systems like Git, TFS, CVS, SVN.

44. Drupal Views Part I
• Understanding Views vs. custom code.
– Views advantages.
• Change behavior without changing code.
• Many options for presentation.
• No PHP Code Knowledge needed (Like BB).
• Data is Safe.
• Open architecture.
• Community benefit.
• Reuse views.
• Other Modules integrations.
• Panels integration.
• Programmatic handling of views.
• Documentation.
• Page, menu and block integration.
• Exposed filters a powerful tool.

45. Drupal Views Part I
• Installing Views and dependences.

46. Drupal Views Part I
• Enabling Views.
• Exploring and creating new View.

47. Hands-On Drupal

48. Hands-On Drupal
• Create a DrupalGarden Account
(http://drupalgardens.com)
• Start Thinking with your project
• Draw your Proto Type
• Apply to your site on cloud.
• Export to your local Drupal project

49. Drupal Ingredients
OR
Main Components

50. Drupal Ingredients and Main Components
Drupal
Nodes &
Content
Types
Navigation
menus
Blocks Taxonomies
Views
Panels

51. Drupal Terminology

52. Drupal Terminology

53. Drupal Core {Core APIs, Core modules, Core Themes}
From the base installation package … not a distribution or installation profile
Contirb. Modules
Dropal.org or drupalmodules.com
Custom Modules
Your custom modules
Themes
Contirb. Themes (and/or) Purchased Themes (and/or) Your Custom Theme
Theme is a group of templates
In Joomla Template means Theme
Contents (HTML,TEXT,Cashed Data, Variables etc…)
Attached Files, Images, Media … etc
Settings
Content
Types
Nodes Views User Roles URL
Aliases
Cats Blocks Menus ACL
DB
Code

54. Drupal Basic Template
Structure

55. Drupal Basic Template Structure
node.tpl.php
menu.tpl.php or block.tpl.php
block.tpl.php
block.tpl.php
block.tpl.php
html.tpl.php
page.tpl.php

56. Drupal Basic Template Structure
html.tpl.php
page.tpl.php
Regions{Blocks}

57. Drupal Basic Template Structure

58. Drupal Best Practices

59. Drupal Best Practices
• Register to http://drupal.org
• Join some groups @ http://groups.drupal.org
• File Structure
– Do not code in the core (never ever) !!
– Create a separated folders in /sites/all/modules
• contirb (for the modules came from drupal.org)
• features (exports via Features module)
• custom (that you coded it)

60. Drupal Module Development

61. Drupal Module Development
hook clean hook
Module

62. Drupal Module Structure

63. Drupal Module Structure
Module contains
Files define the module to Drupal
Sites/all/modules/[contirb],[custom],[futures] Module
Required
Module.info Module.module
Optional
.install,
READEME.txt,
.inc

64. Drupal useful tools

65. Drupal useful tools
• IDE
– PHPStorm : http://jetbrains.com/
– KOMODO : http://komodoide.com/
– Sublime Text : http://www.sublimetext.com/
• Devel Module
– http://drupal.org/project/devel

66. Drupal & User Request

67. Browser
Server
.htaccess Site.com
Bootstrap.inc
Menues.inc
DB
hook_menu()
Check for all
URLS
Modules
User Access
Theme
System
If not 404
Server
Check For shared
resources like
COOKIES
Any like Apache
according to the
configurations
Request
Response

68. Drupal Event Driven Hook System

69. Drupal Event Driven Hook System
Drupal Events
User Register
Node Display
Content Searched
Form is Processed
Saving a
Comment
Menus has been
built

70. Drupal Event Driven Hook System
Hook Naming style …
mymodule_name
mymodule_[per
mission]
Drupal Hook
Name
[hook]_permissio
n
my_hook()
My new
function

71. Drupal Event Driven Hook System
• function mymodule_myfunction(){
module_invoke_all(‘myhook’,$vars); }
• function mymodule_myhook(){}
• function yourmodule_myhook(){}
Any Module can Define a hook.

72. Drupal Menu System

73. Drupal Menu System
• hook_menu().
– function mymodule_menu () {}
• To know if any hook needs any parameters to be passed to
the hook function you can know that from …
http://api.drupal.org
function mymodule_menu() {
$items['abc/def'] = array(
'page callback' => 'mymodule_abc_view',
);
return $items;
}
function mymodule_abc_view($ghi = 0, $jkl = '') {
// ...
}

74. Drupal Menu System
http:// [site.com] /
{node}
{user}
…
/ [arg-1] / [arg-2]
Passing URL arguments to hook_function

75. Drupal Menu System
Passing URL arguments to hook_function
function mymodule_menu() {
$items['abc/def'] = array(
'page callback' => 'mymodule_abc_view',
'page arguments' => array(1, 'foo'),
);
return $items;
}

76. Drupal Menu System
Passing URL arguments using wildcards
function mymodule_menu() {
$items['abc/%/def'] = array(
'page callback' => 'mymodule_abc_view',
'page arguments' => array(1, 2),
);
return $items;
}

77. Drupal Menu System
Passing URL arguments using auto-loaders
function mymodule_menu() {
$items['abc/%node/def'] = array(
'page callback' => 'mymodule_abc_view',
'page arguments' => array(1, 2),
);
return $items;
}

78. Drupal Menu System
• What is Contextual links and Menu Tab :

79. Drupal Database Layer

80. Drupal Database Layer
• PDO (PHP Data Opjects)
• Any DB that PHP supports (MySQL, SQLite ..)
• Master and Slave Replications
• more.....

81. Drupal SQL Queries

82. Drupal SQL Queries
• Static (the normal SELECT methods)
– SELECT x,y,z FROM table WHERE v = b
• Dynamic (Alterable, Strong, Heavy)
– db_select()

83. Drupal DB Table Creation and altering

84. Drupal DB Table Creation and altering
• Mymodule.install – The file
• hook_schema();
• hook_update_N();
• Schema Module

85. Drupal DB Querying

86. Drupal DB Querying
• SELECT QUERY
• INSERT QUERY
• UPDATE QUERY
• MERGE QUERY
• DELETE QUERY

87. Drupal Theming

88. Drupal Theming
• CSS creation to control the Layout
• Appearance Design
• Changing The Output (HTML output)

89. Drupal Theming
Theme contains
Files define the New
Theme to Drupal
Sites/all/themes/mytheme Theme
Required
theme.info .tpl.php
Optional
Template.tpl.php
(if we will pass
args to our
theme)

90. Drupal Theming
node.tpl.php
node.tpl.php
node.tpl.php
Block.tpl.php
Block.tpl.php
Page.tpl.php
Regon.tpl.phpRegon.tpl.php

91. Drupal Theming
• Dynamic Templates
– node.tpl.php
– node—{nodetype}.tpl.php
• node—article.tpl.php
– “-” separator & “—” specify the targeted override

92. Drupal Theming
• User Module .tpl files
– /modules/user/….tpl.php

93. Drupal Theming
• Mytheme.info (Let Drupal know your theme)
• Page.tpl.php (Control the layout)
• Template.php (Vars and override theme
functions)

94. Drupal Theming
• Most Popular Theme Vars. :

95. Drupal Entities Module
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cu4h-xhwb2k

96. Drupal Panels Module
http://goo.gl/mHKcKz

97. Drupal Best Practices
• Be a friend for Drupal APIs @
https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal
• Use Coding Standards @
https://drupal.org/node/318
• 01114943403 Ahmad Zain

98. Q & A

99. Thank You !
@iahmdzain
01114943403