Drupal, the biggest, most complex and most flexible CMS that powers a small percent of the over all internet yet hits a lot of the more popular sites in government, entertainment and education.

1. Week 7
Drupal
The worlds most complex
and expensive CMS
Reclaimhosting.com
Drupal.org
Bryan Ollendyke
[at]btopro
Developer Activist

2. reclaimhosting.com

3. Mid term format:
- Next week come to class
- Stefan will hand out a paper test
- There are 15 questions (15 pts)
- This is an “open web” exam
- Leverage the web in order to answer
appropriately

4. Order these projects by complexity,
from highest to lowest
_ Grav
_ WordPress / ClassicPress
_ Drupal
_ Depends on the project really...

5. Order these projects by complexity,
from highest to lowest
3 Grav
2 WordPress / ClassicPress
1 Drupal
X Are you kidding? Its not even close

6. ____ is a popular command line
program used for version control in
code based projects
_ YAML
_ JSON
_ Markdown
_ Git

7. ____ is a popular command line
program used for version control in
code based projects
_ YAML
_ JSON
_ Markdown
_ GitX

8. This data format helps with readability
of text based documents while
providing lightweight formatting
_ YAML
_ JSON
_ Markdown
_ Git

9. This data format helps with readability
of text based documents while
providing lightweight formatting
_ YAML
_ JSON
_ Markdown
_ Git
X

10. Web components are a W3C
standard that are a composition of
which of these existing technologies
_ Docker
_ HTML
_ JavaScript
_ CSS
_ YAML

11. Web components are a W3C
standard that are a composition of
which of these existing technologies
_ Docker
_ HTML
_ JavaScript
_ CSS
_ YAML
X
X
X

12. Which company popularized Web
components through the creation of
the Polymer library
_ Facebook
_ Apple
_ ReclaimHosting
_ Google
_ Microsoft

13. Which company popularized Web
components through the creation of
the Polymer library
_ Facebook
_ Apple
_ ReclaimHosting
_ Google
_ Microsoft
X

14. Survey / feedback:
- There will also be 6 basic survey questions about
how class is going
- I present to IST administration in November
- Please answer honestly as this can benefit the structure
of the class and possibly the major as a whole
- You’ll get 2 bonus points for answering these

15. After finishing the midterm:
- Use the week to catch up on any
labs you are missing
- There is not an assigned lab
- See you the week after to talk
HAXcms and the future of the web
- Any questions?

16. Today’s Topic / What you'll learn about
- Drupal - Why everyone hates it but loves
profiting from it
- Setup Drupal in reclaim hosting
- To a “team” based design exercise in
class to get a feel for data modeling
as it’s a popular reason Drupal exists
- Play with site building capabilities
- Build a small site on Drupal:
- Use Views to visualize data
- Content types to model data
- Add some user roles
Drupal

17. Week 7
Drupal
The worlds most
needlessly expensive CMS
Reclaimhosting.com
Drupal.org
Bryan Ollendyke
[at]btopro
Developer Activist

18. Links to poke around / sources
- https://drupal.org/
Community hub for the project
- https://reclaimhosting.com/
where we’ll install it
- https://backdropcms.org/
Popular fork of Drupal 7; different
reason for forking but still interesting
- https://simplytest.me/
A cool testing platform that spins up a
container running Drupal + modules you
tell it to download. Gives you 30 minute
and then the site self destructs
Drupal

21. drupal.org

22. Example usage – grammy.com

23. nbcuniversal.com

24. uk.lush.com

25. psu.edu

26. news.psu.edu

27. bjc.psu.edu

28. drupal.psu.edu

29. We’re known enough for Drupal we are aggregated on drupal.org

30. elmsln.org

31. Terms / definitions for today
- Module
- Install Profile
- Drupal
- Views
- Content Types
- PHP / MySQL / MariaDB
- Backdrop
- Node / Entity
Drupal

32. Terms / definitions for today
- Module – Plugin / way of extending
platform. Drupal is the MOST modular
- Install Profile – starting point for new
sites. Similar to Grav’s skeleton concept
- Drupal – A project built out of a
misspelling, started by friends in a dorm
in Belgium to communicate between dorms
- Views – 1 of the most powerful concepts
of all CMSs that exist. Allows secure,
click and build database querying and
rendering. This is why Drupal kills the
competition.
Drupal

33. Terms / definitions for today
- Content Types – Data modeling concept
baked into the system. WordPress ships
with “Pages” and “Posts”. Drupal ships
with nothing.. Then adds in “Page” so
you can grasp it. But you can define new
types of content dynamically, great for
data modeling an organization.
- PHP – backend language it’s written in.
Drupal 7 and below are custom PHP and
“hook” based. Drupal 8+ are Object
oriented
- MySQL / MariaDB – database engine
- Backdrop - popular Drupal 7 fork
Drupal

34. Terms / definitions for today
Node / Entity – Drupal “pages” are called
nodes. A node is a type of entity.
Entities power the entire system
(menus, nodes, perms, configuration)
This expresses drupal’s flexibility to
it’s core. It happens to deliver websites
that’s not the required purpose of it.
I’ve built Drupal apps to accept photos
from car insurance adjusters, build
brands for sporting websites and deliver
educational material online.
It has no use-case it can’t meet.
Drupal

35. My bias in this situation
- I’ve written 100s of modules for Drupal
- I’ve got multiple million downloads of
these projects with several 10,000+
active installs (I don’t track so dono)
- Drupal is dramatically, technologically
superior. No question.
That superiority expands the digital divide
and it’s part of why I’ve stopped
participating in the community as well. I
still attend DrupalCon regularly and have
many friends from events in the space but I
now try to get them onto webcomponents.
Drupal

36. Why people like Drupal
- Crazy flexible. Great for ”headless”
development and acting as a backend /
content storage system
- Content is stored in complex database
format that’s hard to read manually,
but makes for incredible abstractions
between the data and visualization layer
- Drupal is a massive onion, layers upon
layers of complexity, each layer staying
in it’s lane though. So it’s highly
configurable and scalable as a result
of these abstractions
Drupal

37. elmsln.org/node/5 (drupal 7)

38. elmsln.org/node/5.json

39. elmsln.org/node/5.xml

40. Why people like Drupal
- Content modeling is second to none
field types can be added to give even
more possibilities
- Views to visualize and build database
queries in the browser is complex but
saves hundreds of tedious hours of
manual hours writing database queries
and does so securely
- Extensibility – Drupal is built for
pro developers and the elite class dev.
It requires using conventions that are
expected by elite firms and government
agencies for security
Drupal

41. Content modeling

42. Content modeling

43. Views

44. Views

45. Why people like Drupal
- Security – Drupal’s got tons of things
built into the platform that help enforce
secure code being created and launched
- Form API that allows for building forms
out of array / object data
Drupal

46. Why people like Drupal
- Menu / routing API (older example)
Drupal

47. But.
If that API isn’t secure.
Everything blows up

48. WP vs Drupal code methodology (refresher)
- WordPress conventions from 2003 are still
prevalent
- Code / standards / conventions have
dramatically improved since 2003.. Yet
WP code remains in a stasis
- WP is hacked a lot historically because
of it’s ”autoupdating” nature
- Each Drupal major version is an API
breaking change. Meaning Developers have
to rewrite / update all plugins each
release and are responsible for
making the changes themselves
Drupal

49. Update manager not on by default and NOT visual

50. And hard to find

51. And very techy oriented

52. Drupal versions (1-8) is breaking change
- This is great for security / conventions
- Allows for pruning “technical debt” or
code and ideas that no longer are valid
- WordPress supports every version always
so you can see the major difference here
Drupal

53. Drupal versions (8.8.x +) deprecates
- Major historical shift for Drupal
- 8.8.x will effectively be the same API
wise as Drupal 9
- Drupal 9 and beyond will no longer hijack
core APIs but will instead provide
deprecation notices which can be easily
checked via command line
- This will make it far less painful to
upgrade while still being able to keep
only code that makes sense as conventions
refine over time
Drupal

54. HAXcms 2019 < 10 Experimental
Edu
GravCMS 2014 < 100 Docs
Edu
WordPress 2003 > 10,000,000 Small / Mid
NGO
EDU
Drupal 2000 > 100,000 Top level
Gov, EDU
Marketing
Name Age Community Industries

55. HAXcms 💰 🦑 < 0.0000001%
GravCMS 💰 💰 🦑 🦑 < 0.5%
WordPress 💰 💰 💰 🦑 🦑 🦑 33%
(of top 10 mill)
Drupal 💰 💰 💰 💰 💰 🦑 🦑 🦑 🦑 🦑 4% - 6%
Name Cost Complexity Popularity

56. Drupal Key concepts
- Modules
- Install profiles
- Themes
- Views
- Blocks
- Content types / Entity API
- Field API
- Permissions / Roles / User accounts
Drupal

57. What Drupal is not great for
- Small sites
- Cost. It costs a ton to operate
- Complexity / team size. Lots of layers
is great for scope but terrible for
number of people required to know how
to do everything
- I am a unicorn / full stack bc of this
Drupal

60. Drupal 7 vs Drupal 8/9
- Drupal 7 was “hook” based
hook_page_build
hook_page_build_alter
hook_module_enable
hook_node_update
hook_node_view
- Drupal 8/9 is built on Symphony and is
almost completely object oriented
Drupal

61. FORK FORK FORK FORK FORK FORK

62. Backdrop
- Drupal 7 with functions renamed from
drupal_ to backdrop_
- Lots of enhancements to UX backported
from D8
- ”Configuration management” changes in
Drupal 8 backported to Backdrop
- Stores all configuration changes
in YAML files
- More small community focused, easier to
maintain for NGOs, education, small sites
Drupal

63. Dirty Drupal secret
- Every example site I showed today is
built in Drupal 7... Still.
- Drupal’s expense and flexibility makes it
really hard to upgrade historically and
Drupal 8 has been out for 5 years yet still
doesn’t have the adoption level of Drupal 7
Drupal

71. What we’ll do now
- An in class activity
- We’re going to practice some data modeling
(Drupal excels at Data model mapping)
- You’re in a temporary group with the
people in the row your sitting in
(ugh, group work, I know, don’t worry)
- Have someone type up the data model that
you think would accurately model the
relationships and details of each entity
Drupal

72. Data modeling problem
- We are creating an online university
- The university is made up of colleges
which offer courses, have faculty and
need classrooms
- Coordinate as needed, but work on
a single data model to express these
entities and their relationship to each
other
- I’ll use Draw.io to create a single image
to demonstrate the relationships between
them based on a shared definition
Drupal

73. Data modeling
Take 10-15 minutes and figure out the fields
and relationships of this data
Courses
{come up with the relationships}
{come up with the fields}
Faculty
{come up with the relationships}
{come up with the fields}
Rooms
{come up with the fields}
Drupal

74. Data modeling into lab
- Now, let’s build a shared data model
that we all agree on
- I’ll use Draw.io to create a single image
to demonstrate the relationships between
them based on a shared definition
- Based on our shared definition we will
then use the image as the basis for what
will be needed in the Drupal site
Drupal

75. Lab Context
- You are the site builder that works in the
organization who has been doing Grav / WP
- You’ve starting to do websites that require
a lot of data and users and you don’t think
that WordPress is the right fit anymore
- Your Project Manager (with the same name as
you, weird huh?) agrees but has never used
Drupal and is concerned about you being able
to handle it
- They give you a map of the data model and
ask you to model the information in Drupal
and create a views that pull data together
Drupal

76. Lab Deliverable
- Create a Drupal site that accurately
represents the data model that we’ve
agreed on in class (on website / slack)
- Model these entities:
- Course
- Faculty
- Room
- Create 5 courses on the site (either
your own or make them up whatever)
- Create rooms and faculty and associate them
with these courses so all courses have
faculty and a room
Drupal

77. Lab Deliverable 1 of these
- Create a View that shows the list of courses
- Title this schedule
- Make sure it shows up in the menu bar
- Make it display as a table
- Add fields that are relevant for people
viewing the site
- Create a View showing a list of the faculty
- Title this Our Faculty
- Make sure it shows up in the menu bar
- Make it display as a grid / list
- Add fields for photo, name
- BONUS 2PTS: Use a “Relationship” in the
view in order to show the courses that
faculty members are teaching
Drupal

78. Submitting the Lab
- Create your Drupal site building out the views and content
types that we chose to model our data off of this week
- Create a Home page in the menu that includes:
- 500 words on why Drupal is the choice for big organizations
- Links to 3 resources backing this claim
- A link to your YouTube video
- Record the video explaining Drupal’s use-case / context and
then show one of the following techniques (or both if u like)
- How to create a content type and add fields
OR
- How to create views, adding filters and sorting to the view
- Post your link to your site in: #lab7-drupal

79. Grading the Lab deliverable
- Did you create a Drupal site in Reclaim and
post your link to the channel (1pts)
- Did you create content types that match our
data model? (3pts)
- Did you create the view that matches the
requested data to display? (3pts)
- Did you record a video that demonstrates
site building technique (3pts)
10 point lab
BONUS 2PTS: Use a “Relationship” in the view in
order to show the courses that faculty members
are teaching
Drupal

80. Quick break / Questions?
Let’s build a Drupal
site on Reclaim hosting
Log into
reclaimhosting.com
Drupal
reclaimhosting.com
Bryan Ollendyke
[at]btopro