Rice production constraints in rice production diverse rice varieties

1. Physiology unit
Drought as major abiotic constraint in rice production

2. INTRODUCTION
 Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa
(Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).
 As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food
for a large part of the world's human population,
especially in Asia and the West Indies.
 It is the grain with the third-highest worldwide
production, after maize (corn) and wheat, according
to data for 2009
 The drought challenges
O. Glaberimma field
O. Sativa field

3. Healthy seeds
Healthy seedlings
Healthy crop
Producing good rice yield
High grain yield

4. Diverse rice varieties
Diverse milled rice grain
Diverse rough grain

5. Outline:
Diverse dishes
Yep !

6. Drought stress occurrence &
rice responses

7. What is drought ?
1. Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a
season or more, resulting in a water shortage causing adverse impacts on
vegetation, animals, and/or people.
2. A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water
Low land drought Upland drought

8. Rain
Evaporation
Transpiration
Runoff
Drainage
Infiltration
=> Water available
1
2
3a
3b
4
5
Distribution of water derives from precipitations
Lost =
2- Runoff
3a- Evaporation
4- Transpiration
5- Drainage
Available water depend on:
•Type and depth of sol
•La balance between gain and lost
= main source of water

9. Ability of soil to hold water

10. Drought prone area

11. Weather station
TensiometerDiviner 2000
How to monitor drought environments

12. 9
7
5
3
1
Scale: 1 to 5 Scale: 1 to 9
Visual drought symptoms of drought
(Leaf rolling)

13. Leaf photosynthesis meter
Infrared thermometer
Leaf area meter
SPAD Meter
Quantification of drought stress

14. Intermittent Drought
13-Jul 2-Aug 22-Aug 11-Sep 1-Oct 21-Oct 10-Nov
S(Waterlevel-cm)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Transplanting
Flowering
Maturity
Early Drought
13-Jul 2-Aug 22-Aug 11-Sep 1-Oct 21-Oct 10-Nov
S(Waterlevel-cm)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Transplanting
Flowering
Maturity
Intermittent drought
Early drought
13-Jul 2-Aug 22-Aug 11-Sep 1-Oct 21-Oct 10-Nov
S(Waterlevel-cm)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Flowering
Transplanting
Maturity
Late drought
Terminal drought
Growth stages of rice plant & type of drought

15. Reduction of grain yield
Effect of drought on rice grain yield vs growth stages

16. Plot leveling
Planting Data collection
Field observation
Some field activities

17. 17
Drought screening facility in our main
experimental station: Ikenne (Ogun state)

18. 18
Upland field at Ikenne
Rice fields under at Ikenne
Rice field under ROS Ikenne
Drought screening facility at Ikenne
Flat land

19. Conclusions
Good knowledge of the target environment is essential in drought
breeding: what type of stress is more frequent?
Yield stability under drought scenarios and crop water productivity
(ratio of yield achieved per water used) should be the target
Drought screening systems should be uniform, repeatable and
differentiate genotypes
Field and irrigation management are critical for drought screening
Screening procedure are function of targets, needs and means.
Each breeding program should adapt procedures to won environment
and conditions.
Trait-based improvement needs careful choice and requires integration
of breeding and other disciplines

20. Thank you so much
Merci beaucoup