This document discusses developing learner autonomy through strategy training in ESL classrooms. It begins with background on the importance of developing English proficiency and learner autonomy in Malaysia. It then states the problem that students over-rely on teachers. The objectives are to develop autonomy using strategy training, investigate its effects, and illustrate how it helps ESL learners. Key terms are defined and limitations discussed. The significance is that strategy training can foster autonomy and self-directed learning, better preparing students.
EXPLORING THE USE OF DIGITAL DEVICES AMONG PUPILS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIESijma
The use of digital devices helped pupils memorize, enhance understanding and fully participate in learning.
One of the findings is that, during 55% of the time of the researchers observation, the computers were not
used at all. The purpose of this study is to assessing teachers' emphasis, exploring the positive effect of
using digital devices on PLD and the use of support software of digital devicesinTnL.This study used a
qualitative approach of case studies that involve interviews, observations and analysis of documents of
pupils work. The findings showed that teachers always perform audio activities using digital device tools
such as computers. These activitieswere particularly relevant with the PLD learning style. The popular
support resources used include digital software, mobile phones and youtube.Teachers are encouraged to
use digital devices and software due to several effects on PLD such as focusing with fun in learning.
Cooperative Learning and Student’s Academic Achievement in English Language i...iosrjce
This paper examined cooperative learning and academic achievement of students in English
language in Imo State. The study adopted quasi experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. The
sample for the study consisted of twenty (20) SS2 Students, purposively selected from two classes in a senior
secondary school in Imo State. The instrument used for the study was the English Language Achievement
Test (ELAT). Section A of the ELAT contained the bio-data of the respondents while section B consisted
of 30 multiple-choice question items. The research questions were answered using mean rating to determine the
difference between the pre-test and the post-test while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference
between the achievement mean scores of subjects in the cooperative learning group and those in the control
group. The study revealed that Cooperative Learning plays a significant role in students’ academic
achievement in English Language. The paper therefore, recommended the retraining of teachers towards using
cooperative learning for student’s optimal academic achievement
Aldalalah 2014 - perceptions of blended learning competencies and obstacles...Zalina Zamri
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of locus of control and anxiety level on the Jordanian educational technology students’ perceived blended learning competencies and obstacles.
EXPLORING THE USE OF DIGITAL DEVICES AMONG PUPILS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIESijma
The use of digital devices helped pupils memorize, enhance understanding and fully participate in learning.
One of the findings is that, during 55% of the time of the researchers observation, the computers were not
used at all. The purpose of this study is to assessing teachers' emphasis, exploring the positive effect of
using digital devices on PLD and the use of support software of digital devicesinTnL.This study used a
qualitative approach of case studies that involve interviews, observations and analysis of documents of
pupils work. The findings showed that teachers always perform audio activities using digital device tools
such as computers. These activitieswere particularly relevant with the PLD learning style. The popular
support resources used include digital software, mobile phones and youtube.Teachers are encouraged to
use digital devices and software due to several effects on PLD such as focusing with fun in learning.
Cooperative Learning and Student’s Academic Achievement in English Language i...iosrjce
This paper examined cooperative learning and academic achievement of students in English
language in Imo State. The study adopted quasi experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. The
sample for the study consisted of twenty (20) SS2 Students, purposively selected from two classes in a senior
secondary school in Imo State. The instrument used for the study was the English Language Achievement
Test (ELAT). Section A of the ELAT contained the bio-data of the respondents while section B consisted
of 30 multiple-choice question items. The research questions were answered using mean rating to determine the
difference between the pre-test and the post-test while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference
between the achievement mean scores of subjects in the cooperative learning group and those in the control
group. The study revealed that Cooperative Learning plays a significant role in students’ academic
achievement in English Language. The paper therefore, recommended the retraining of teachers towards using
cooperative learning for student’s optimal academic achievement
Aldalalah 2014 - perceptions of blended learning competencies and obstacles...Zalina Zamri
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of locus of control and anxiety level on the Jordanian educational technology students’ perceived blended learning competencies and obstacles.
The Influence of Flipped Learning on Attitudes of Students towards Technology...inventionjournals
The basic aim of this study is to determine the influence of Flipped learning on attitudes of students towards technology in the 8th grade math lesson. The workgroup of this study is consisted of the 8th grade students of Mithatpaşa Secondary School that is in the centre of Giresun. Two of the 5 eighth grade classes were included in the study. One of the classes that has 32 students is determined as the experimental group and the other class that has 30 students is determined as the control group. In the study, in the forming of the both experimental and control groups, „rendom sampling method‟ that is one of the probability based sampling methods was used. The findings were collected by using both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools. Before-after application in the quantitative size, to determine the attitudes of students towards technology „The Turkey version of students‟ attitudes scale towards technology (PATT-TR)‟ that has 24 items and that was developed by Yurdagül and Aşkar (2008) was applied to the experimental and control groups. During the application, videos that are appropriate for the lesson content were prepared for the experimental group which was determined as flipped classroom and these videos were uploded to „Education information Network‟ by the teacher. Finally, at the end of the qualitative practice, qualitative data were collected by usingsemi-structured interview form and using document analysis developed by Koç (2016)
ACCEPTANCE AND READINESS OF MOBILE LEARNING INTEGRATION AMONG TEACHERS OF DYS...ijma
ABSTRACT
Mobile technology enables the creation of mobile applications to assist learning. However, integrating the most appropriate mobile applications as an assistive technology for dyslexic students is challenging for teachers if they are unprepared with sufficient knowledge. This preliminary study aimed to understand the acceptance and readiness of mobile learning integration among teachers of dyslexic students. The study was a qualitative study, which involved one selected mobile application to be evaluated by four selected teachers. Teachers had been interviewed. Interestingly, the teachers showed positive attitude in acceptance and readiness of using mobile application in class, with condition it suits dyslexic students learning needs. They believe using appropriate mobile application can support learning. Following this study, more studies will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of abundant implementation towards mobile learning by teachers of dyslexic learning.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Social media is basically a structure that combines individuals, communities, companies or organizations that can share their interests, attitudes, values, lifestyles, visions and friendships. In the field of eLearning this structure can be used in many ways and through different web tools. It can provide educators with an opportunity to engage learners in the online classroom, as well as to support development of learner skills and competencies.
This article argues that it is necessary to move blended learning beyond learning management systems and engage students in an active use of the web as a resource for their self-regulated study, for problem solving and collaborative activities. The case study explored in this paper explains the role of social media in promoting cognitive and meta-cognitive learners development while using a constructivist teaching and learning approach. This paper presents the findings from a specific case study, as well as general guidance to instructors for incorporating social media in a blended learning environment, including the “Traditional Classroom”. It is also suggested a limitation of the use of learning management systems to cover the development of social competences and it is argued that self-regulated students are supported by personal web tools and engaged in different kinds of social networks.
A study on the impact of new normal in learning & teaching processes chem...Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
A Study on The “Impact Of Technologies in Learning & Teaching Processes During COVID -19 in Teaching Chemistry, Presentation slides for International Conference on "Life Sciences: Acceptance of the New Normal", St. Aloysius' College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 27-28 August, 2021
EFFECTS OF USING VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MALAY ...ijma
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to identify the effects of using a virtual learning environment compared to using a typical conventional classroom environment in improving the moderate achievement of children for Malay grammar. A quasi-experimental design involved 56 Year Five children, divided into one control group (28 children) and one treatment group (28 children). The study also focused on the effects of the environment on the children’s’ interest based on their experiences. Questionnaire instrument was used, and quantitative analyses were conducted using pre-test and post-test and. The t-test results showed that there were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group. In conclusion, the virtual learning environment has significant effects on the achievement and interest of the children when compared to the other group that learned in a typical conventional classroom environment.
Qualitative Chemistry Education: The Role of the TeacherIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper discussed the role of a chemistry teacher towards improving the quality of education in Nigeria. The decline in the quality of education has been attributed to many factors. Some of these factors are unqualified teachers, examination malpractice,, lack of practical skills, method of classroom instruction, to mention but a few. The role of a chemistry teacher among others is to change the method of classroom instruction from lecture method to innovative learning strategy such as cooperative learning and concept mapping, and to make use of improvised materials in the absence of standard equipments . It also examine the problems associated with the fall in quality of education. Finally it is recommended that Government should ensure that adequate funds are released to train science teachers, since teachers are the main determinant of quality in Education.
The Influence of Flipped Learning on Attitudes of Students towards Technology...inventionjournals
The basic aim of this study is to determine the influence of Flipped learning on attitudes of students towards technology in the 8th grade math lesson. The workgroup of this study is consisted of the 8th grade students of Mithatpaşa Secondary School that is in the centre of Giresun. Two of the 5 eighth grade classes were included in the study. One of the classes that has 32 students is determined as the experimental group and the other class that has 30 students is determined as the control group. In the study, in the forming of the both experimental and control groups, „rendom sampling method‟ that is one of the probability based sampling methods was used. The findings were collected by using both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools. Before-after application in the quantitative size, to determine the attitudes of students towards technology „The Turkey version of students‟ attitudes scale towards technology (PATT-TR)‟ that has 24 items and that was developed by Yurdagül and Aşkar (2008) was applied to the experimental and control groups. During the application, videos that are appropriate for the lesson content were prepared for the experimental group which was determined as flipped classroom and these videos were uploded to „Education information Network‟ by the teacher. Finally, at the end of the qualitative practice, qualitative data were collected by usingsemi-structured interview form and using document analysis developed by Koç (2016)
ACCEPTANCE AND READINESS OF MOBILE LEARNING INTEGRATION AMONG TEACHERS OF DYS...ijma
ABSTRACT
Mobile technology enables the creation of mobile applications to assist learning. However, integrating the most appropriate mobile applications as an assistive technology for dyslexic students is challenging for teachers if they are unprepared with sufficient knowledge. This preliminary study aimed to understand the acceptance and readiness of mobile learning integration among teachers of dyslexic students. The study was a qualitative study, which involved one selected mobile application to be evaluated by four selected teachers. Teachers had been interviewed. Interestingly, the teachers showed positive attitude in acceptance and readiness of using mobile application in class, with condition it suits dyslexic students learning needs. They believe using appropriate mobile application can support learning. Following this study, more studies will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of abundant implementation towards mobile learning by teachers of dyslexic learning.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Social media is basically a structure that combines individuals, communities, companies or organizations that can share their interests, attitudes, values, lifestyles, visions and friendships. In the field of eLearning this structure can be used in many ways and through different web tools. It can provide educators with an opportunity to engage learners in the online classroom, as well as to support development of learner skills and competencies.
This article argues that it is necessary to move blended learning beyond learning management systems and engage students in an active use of the web as a resource for their self-regulated study, for problem solving and collaborative activities. The case study explored in this paper explains the role of social media in promoting cognitive and meta-cognitive learners development while using a constructivist teaching and learning approach. This paper presents the findings from a specific case study, as well as general guidance to instructors for incorporating social media in a blended learning environment, including the “Traditional Classroom”. It is also suggested a limitation of the use of learning management systems to cover the development of social competences and it is argued that self-regulated students are supported by personal web tools and engaged in different kinds of social networks.
A study on the impact of new normal in learning & teaching processes chem...Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu
A Study on The “Impact Of Technologies in Learning & Teaching Processes During COVID -19 in Teaching Chemistry, Presentation slides for International Conference on "Life Sciences: Acceptance of the New Normal", St. Aloysius' College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 27-28 August, 2021
EFFECTS OF USING VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MALAY ...ijma
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to identify the effects of using a virtual learning environment compared to using a typical conventional classroom environment in improving the moderate achievement of children for Malay grammar. A quasi-experimental design involved 56 Year Five children, divided into one control group (28 children) and one treatment group (28 children). The study also focused on the effects of the environment on the children’s’ interest based on their experiences. Questionnaire instrument was used, and quantitative analyses were conducted using pre-test and post-test and. The t-test results showed that there were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group. In conclusion, the virtual learning environment has significant effects on the achievement and interest of the children when compared to the other group that learned in a typical conventional classroom environment.
Qualitative Chemistry Education: The Role of the TeacherIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper discussed the role of a chemistry teacher towards improving the quality of education in Nigeria. The decline in the quality of education has been attributed to many factors. Some of these factors are unqualified teachers, examination malpractice,, lack of practical skills, method of classroom instruction, to mention but a few. The role of a chemistry teacher among others is to change the method of classroom instruction from lecture method to innovative learning strategy such as cooperative learning and concept mapping, and to make use of improvised materials in the absence of standard equipments . It also examine the problems associated with the fall in quality of education. Finally it is recommended that Government should ensure that adequate funds are released to train science teachers, since teachers are the main determinant of quality in Education.
A transformational principal plays a vital role in a school development. If I am appointed as a school principal, I will implement the development of technology to fulfill school’s initiative. An efficient technology has countless benefits in learning institutions. For students to perform effectively in the business world, it is important for them to know technology. Advanced technology in most of the schools encourages the use of minimal resources, and at the same time, it serves a significant number of people. Also, the use educational technology boosts student’s performance in school. They can meet the requirements of the instructor easily because there many samples online with a clear outline of how to handle the assignments. Besides, students can access their abilities through the use of technology. This paper discusses the role of technology in learning schools and the responsibilities of transformation principal.
"The effects of flipped classroom on learning effectiveness: using learning ...eraser Juan José Calderón
"The effects of flipped classroom on learning effectiveness: using learning satisfaction as the mediator" de Pao-Ching Lin & Hai-Ming Chen. Tamkang University. New Taipei City, Taiwan. Revista World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education 2016 WIETE, Vol.14, No.2, 2016.
The term ÄJerk Technology (JT) is widely used to get the attention of the learners and provides the
active, lively, interactive classroom atmosphere. Jerk Technology breaks out the boredom way of
traditional teaching by implementing the active learners. Each learner is unique and the way of
learning is divergent because of an Individual difference (Shobana.S, 2014). In teaching – learning
process, attention plays a vital role which the source for transferring the knowledge. The overall
outcomes of the study show that the effect of Jerk can use easily without any strain for teaching
grammar.The main purpose of the study is to find out the ÄEffect of Jerk Technology in Teaching of
Grammar among Higher Secondary School StudentsÇ. The researchers adopted a single group pre
and post - test design. The sample for the present study is of 32 pupils selected from the Government
Model Higher Secondary School, Allinagaram, Theni District. The pre – test is conducted using the
traditional fact to face instruction, but the post test is conducted using effect of Jerk Technology (JT).
The statistical procedures were employed descriptive analysis, mean S.D and t – test. The findings of
the study reveals that implementation of Jerk Technology is very effective for teaching Grammar.
Hence, the Jerk Technology (JT) is potentially the most powerful tool for extending platform in
Educational process.
February 2024 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal on Integrating ...IJITE
This journal is an interdisciplinary form for educators who wish to improve the quality of instruction through the use of computers and how to implement it effectively into instruction. This forum also aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
Flipped Learning is a pedagogical approach in which direct instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter”. This study has the purpose to examine and help resolve the challenges that students with disabilities face when using online course materials.
Impact of technology on teaching and learningSteven Poast
The benefits of technology in the traditional and online classrooms are reviewed. Student performance and perception are researched to see positive impacts in educational environment.
Participating in a Blog: Jordanian EFL Learners' VoicesYasser Al-Shboul
This study investigates the Jordanian EFL learners’ perceptions towards language learning through blog. It seeks to
assess the usefulness of blogging in enhancing learners’ English language skills. The participants of the present study
included 10 post graduate Jordanian EFL Learners who attended English Intensive Course. Data were collected
through semi-structured interview questions regarding learners’ feedback on their perceptions to the integrated blog.
The data obtained from the semi-structured interview was recorded, transcribed and described by the researchers and
finally analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the study revealed that the learners perceived the blog as an interesting
and helpful learning tool since interacting via blog helped them improve their English language skills as well as their
peer feedback. Hence, the blog played an important role for the Jordanian EFL learners as it allowed them to exchange
their experiences and thoughts with peers. The study concluded that integration of social networks, such as blogs into
Jordanian EFL learners’ classes could enhance their English language learning processes.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2. Table of Content
1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
1.1 Backgroundof Research…………………………………………………………………………………………2
1.2 Statementof the Problem………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.3 ResearchObjectives……………………………………………………………………………………………….3
1.4 ResearchQuestions………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
1.5 Operational Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………………..4
1.6 Limitationof the Study……………………………………………………………………………………………5
1.7 Significantof the Study……………………………………………………………………………………………5
3. 1.0 Introduction
In today’s national education system the ministry of education had proposed various ways to
enhance the learning of students to produce students with great quality and be at the same level
as students from other countries. In order to achieve this goal the implementation on the use of
the English language is needed to be exposed at an early age. However, many language
educators have accepted that the ability to learn a language is more significant than absorbing the
language (Benson, 2001).
A significant amount of researches have been conducted to highlight the importance of
learners learning environment to scaffold and optimize the learners’ knowledge, for instance on
the study conducted by J.E Brindley, C.Walti and O. Zawacki-Richter entitled Learner Support
in open, Distance and Online Learning Environment. However, the learners learning
environment is not the only factor that plays a major role in students’ education, Gremmo (1995)
had stated that there has been a change in focus from the teacher to the learner in the field of
second and foreign language education. Gremmo (1995) also adds that an exclusive focus was on
how to develop teaching methods and approaches to an inclusive concern for how a learner goes
through their learning.
To diminish the gap of teacher centered in the classroom and the development of today’s
generation of ICT, educators need to grasp the importance of self-directed learning among
learners so that they can distance themselves from teacher-oriented teaching and become
autonomous learners.
Furthermore, to begin establishing learner autonomy in the classroom it involves a gradual
shift from the teacher-centered to learner-centered (Dam, 1995). To promote learner autonomy,
the need of the teachers’ effort, time, patience and skills is essential (Chan, xxx). However, this
is a great challenge for teachers in Malaysia working in exam-oriented contexts where the
classroom is in a formal and structured manner.
Autonomous learners implies life-long learning which is an importance in today’s world of
globalization as a formal or the current methods of teaching cannot keep up with the continuous
changes and learners need to be able to learn to process some information on their own (Ikonen,
2013)
4. 1.1 Backgroundof the Research
The rapid development of the country and the extensive spread of electronic media the
need for Malaysians to be competent in English have become very significant. According to Tun
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth prime minister of Malaysia, Malaysia is to become a full-
fledge industrial country whereby the citizens of the country need to not only be proficient on the
national language but also the English language.
Asmah (1994) stated that Malaysia needs to be assisted with the English language if it
wants to strive for excellence as it cannot be accomplished by solely depending on the National
language. Asmah (1994) also added that to assist Malaysia to shift rapidly into the science and
technology fields it is essential that Malaysian are proficient in the English language as the
knowledge of science and technology can only be acquired through reading books which are
always written in English.
Norlida Ahmad (2004) stressed that many complaints were made by teachers regarding
the students’ low proficiency level even though they were introduced to the English language as
early as 7 years of age. The result of this, many of these students’ cannot apply the language
outside the classroom setting thus they are unable to use the skill in the real world. Hence,
students are needed to be train and become autonomous learners to be proficient in the language
and not be dependent on the teachers.
In contemplation of making Malaysia a developed nation by 2020 the role of Malaysian
teachers has become vital as teachers are required to provide students with knowledge and
related skills to avoid students from being lag behind (Norlida Ahmad, 2004)
In Malaysia, there has been numerous amount of research to study learner autonomy coming
from different perspective and as a result of this there are many definitions of learner autonomy
and efforts to utilize learner autonomy in a particular context. Thang (2001, 2005) had conducted
a study on undergraduates of University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) based on their autonomy
and identified that these undergraduates were lacking of autonomous quality. In addition, a
follow up study was also conducted on three universities in Malaysia and the results of the
findings were also similar. According to Thang and Azarina (2007), even though the learners
were mostly teacher-oriented they did acquire the characteristic to learn English autonomously.
5. 1.2 Statement of the Problem
There are many major changes that have been conducted by the ministry of education
regarding the importance of the English language in Malaysia as it continues to attempt and
dominant at an international level. According to Utusan Malaysia Online (2013), the
implementation of English as a compulsory subject to pass in the Certificate of Education (SPM)
will begin in 2016. It is design to produce quality students in various fields, thus assist in
developing the country towards a more developed countries.
Hanim (2005), had conducted a study in Malaysia schools and her findings showed that
students are not prepared to work in any language learning situation without the help of others.
Students are too dependable on teachers and directly follow their lead directly. Due to this,
students need to incorporate self-directed learning so that they can slowly move away from
teacher-oriented teaching and learning method and become autonomous learners. Nevertheless,
to ensure this it requires a change in the classroom organizations and intensive training, added
Hanim (2005).
The current trends of today society are through computers, gadgets and other electronic
devices which have contributed a great deal of presence in the second language pedagogy and in
time assist on promoting learner autonomy. This is beneficial for the students as incorporating
different learning strategies into the teaching and learning process will help guide students to
move away from the typical relationship with their teachers.
1.3 ResearchObjectives
The research objectives of this study are as follows:
i. To develop learners’ autonomy through strategy training in an ESL
classroom
ii. To investigate the effects of strategy training on a learners’ autonomy
iii. To illustrates how strategy training helps ESL learners to gain learners’
autonomy
6. 1.4 ResearchQuestions
The research questions of this study are as follows:
i. How to develop learners’ autonomy through strategy training in an ESL
classroom?
ii. What are the effects of strategy training on learners’ autonomy?
iii. How does strategy training help ESL learners to gain learners’ autonomy?
1.5 OperationalDefinitions
Learners Autonomy- According to Holec (1979), learners’ autonomy is the ability to take
charge of one's own learning. The state in which the learner is fully responsible for all the
choices concerning with his or her learning (Dickinson, 1993).
Strategy Training- lessons where learners are explicitly taught language learning
strategies and explanations are given as to when, how and why these strategies can be used
(Oxford, 1990).
Learning How to Learn (LHTL) - To effectively learn in any learning situation the learner
must possess and acquire both knowledge and skills (Smith, 1990)
Learning Strategies- According to ku-crl.org website (2015), it is a person’s approach to
learning on acquiring new knowledge.
Learner Contracts- According to educ.ualberta.ca website (2011), learning contract is an
agreement between a teacher and a student. The contract states objectives that need to be
achieved by the students with the agreement of both parties.
Learner Journal- It is a vehicle for reflection focusing on ongoing matter and learners
will be able to learn from the process of doing it or from the results (Moon, 2010). Learners
record their reactions after experiencing some form of strategy training (Farrel, 1998)
7. 1.6 Limitation of the Study
This study is based on one ESL classroom in a secondary school in an urban setting in
Shah Alam, Selangor. The selected sample sizes of participants are a total of 30 students and
involving one English teacher. The sampling technique used for this study is purposive sampling
The school chosen to take part in this study is a school in Shah Alam situated in a small.
It is situated near factories where most households are from a low socioeconomic background
thus the proficiency of the English language is low.
The means of communication that is used between the teacher and the students is the
learning journals. This is used to identify the effectiveness of training on developing learner
autonomy on regard of their training. Students are encouraged to record and react to the learning
strategies introduced in the classroom. In addition, students were not corrected on incorrect
grammar and language proficiency this is because linguistic competence is not the main aim of
the study.
1.7 Significance ofthe Study
The importance of this study is that it investigates the use of strategy training to develop
learners’ autonomy in an ESL classroom. It is hoped that this research might initiates educators
to foster learner autonomy in the classroom as it is beneficent for second language learners to be
exposed to approaches they feel is suitable to built their autonomy and not rely on ‘spoonfeed’
materials by their teachers. This research would also be able to help students to take charge of
their learning outside the classroom which would indirectly help improve their learning process
as well as prepare them for the real life world.
In addition, teachers would be able to use these learning strategies and adapt it
appropriately according to the students needs in the classroom so that they would benefit most in
a learner centered curricular. By doing so, teachers would be able to promote and foster learner
autonomy in the classroom thus resulting in self-directed learning. In a research conducted by
Kassim et al (2004), it is emphasized that self-directed learning is an effective methods to gain
knowledge.