Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleetguestfa49ec
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleet
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
Jones fayettevvile principals and counselors perceptions of freshmen academy ...William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national and international refereed, blind-reviewed academic journals. NFJ publishes articles academic intellectual diversity, multicultural issues, management, business, administration, issues focusing on colleges, universities, and schools, all aspects of schooling, special education, counseling and addiction, international issues of education, organizational behavior, theory and development, and much more. DR. WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS is Editor-in-Chief (Since 1982). See: www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Parker, celeste the effectiveness of two reading intervention programs nfaerj...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleetguestfa49ec
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleet
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
Jones fayettevvile principals and counselors perceptions of freshmen academy ...William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS are a group of national and international refereed, blind-reviewed academic journals. NFJ publishes articles academic intellectual diversity, multicultural issues, management, business, administration, issues focusing on colleges, universities, and schools, all aspects of schooling, special education, counseling and addiction, international issues of education, organizational behavior, theory and development, and much more. DR. WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS is Editor-in-Chief (Since 1982). See: www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Parker, celeste the effectiveness of two reading intervention programs nfaerj...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Parker, celeste the effectiveness of two reading intervention programs nfaerj...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Robinson, petra enhancing faculty diveristy focus v7 n1 2013William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Ziyanak, sebahattin the effectiveness of survey instruments nfaerj v29 n3 2016William Kritsonis
This article examines how sociological imagination of the individuals living in southeastern Turkey is constructed through Movie, The Bliss. Traditional and modern forms of life are symbolically constructed in this movie. The framework of “honor killing,” “masculinity in southeastern Turkey," “cultural deficiency,” and “othering” will be analyzed to explicate how stereotypical southeastern characters are reproduced. Content analysis technique is applied to interpret apparent and latent contents, contexts, aspects and so forth. Developed categories are revisited through Ibn Khaldun's Typology, cultural deficiency theory, Tonnies’ theory, Durkheim’s view on society, and Goffman’s framing process.
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982)
Sabbatical (University of Auckland) - Making a Difference with Educational Re...Michael Barbour
Barbour, M. K. (2011, March). Making a difference with educational research: A new methodological paradigm. An invited presentation to the College of Education at the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Thomas, ingrid a using instructional strategies nftej v25 n 3 2015William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
Parker, celeste the effectiveness of two reading intervention programs nfaerj...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
Robinson, petra enhancing faculty diveristy focus v7 n1 2013William Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Ziyanak, sebahattin the effectiveness of survey instruments nfaerj v29 n3 2016William Kritsonis
This article examines how sociological imagination of the individuals living in southeastern Turkey is constructed through Movie, The Bliss. Traditional and modern forms of life are symbolically constructed in this movie. The framework of “honor killing,” “masculinity in southeastern Turkey," “cultural deficiency,” and “othering” will be analyzed to explicate how stereotypical southeastern characters are reproduced. Content analysis technique is applied to interpret apparent and latent contents, contexts, aspects and so forth. Developed categories are revisited through Ibn Khaldun's Typology, cultural deficiency theory, Tonnies’ theory, Durkheim’s view on society, and Goffman’s framing process.
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982)
Sabbatical (University of Auckland) - Making a Difference with Educational Re...Michael Barbour
Barbour, M. K. (2011, March). Making a difference with educational research: A new methodological paradigm. An invited presentation to the College of Education at the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Thomas, ingrid a using instructional strategies nftej v25 n 3 2015William Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
Student Attendance And Instructional Program - Dr. W.A. KritsonisWilliam Kritsonis
Dr. Wm. A. Kritsonis
Public School Law, Due Process, Student Attendance, Environment, Extra Curriculum Activites and the Law, Curriculum Issues and the Law, Copyrights, Diversity, Civil Rights, Punishment
Parents' Perceptions and Attitudes for Denying Blingual Education by Dr. Mari...William Kritsonis
Parents' Perceptions and Attitudes for Denying Blingual Education by Dr. Maria Hinojosa and Luz Elena Martinez - Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPAL PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON ...William Kritsonis
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPAL PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON SCHOOL ACCOUNTABILITY AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGH-POVERTY SCHOOLS - Dissertation Proposal by Sheri L. Miller-Williams - Dissertation Chair: William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
PhD Students in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Professor & Faculty Mentor,
PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System
PhD Students in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Professor & Faculty Mentor,
PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Hall of Honor (2008)
William H. Parker Leadership Academy, Graduate School
Prairie View A&M University - The Texas A&M University System
Copy (2) Of Copy Of Herrington And Kritsonis School CollaborationWilliam Kritsonis
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Hall of Honor (2008)
William H. Parker Leadership Academy, Graduate School
Prairie View A&M University - The Texas A&M University System
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Public School Law, American With Disabilities Action, Due Process, Discrimination, Bill of Rights, Least Restrictive Environment
Dissertation Chair Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleetguestfa49ec
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis & Steven Norfleet
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
Article 2 vivian gunn morris & curtis morris doneWilliam Kritsonis
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
Running head CASE STUDY ESSAY 1 Case St.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: CASE STUDY ESSAY 1
Case Study Essay
Sung Kim
University at Albany
CASE STUDY ESSAY 2
Case Study Essay
The practice referred to as “tracking” started as a response to the incursion of immigrant
children joining America’s schools in the early 20th century. To provide efficient education to
these immigrants who arrived in large population, it was significant to sort the children into
various tracks based on their past performance or ability. As stated by a school reformer called
Ellwood P. Cubberley in 1909, “Our city schools will soon be compelled to abandon the
exceedingly democratic idea that all are equal and our community devoid of classes… and start a
specialization of educational effort along numerous lines.” The process of sorting children into
different tracks was made easy by IQ test and standardized achievement tests.
In the early days of tracking, high school students and junior high students were given
assignments to evaluate them academically, and through vocational tracks. At the extreme, many
students received grooming to prepare them for college and others were being prepared to enter
trades such as secretarial work and plumbing. In the mid-century, many schools had mastered
some form of tracking. Presently, the extreme form of tracking has diminished because
policymaker, political players, and educators hold the fear that America is almost losing its
competitive edge (Burris & Garrity, 2008). This compelled educators to ensure that all the
students are grilled to have access to a rigorous academic curriculum. Politicians and states
passed minimum graduation standards that demanded that students must take a particular number
of courses in core subjects such as Mathematics, English, Science and Social studies. Later on,
during 1983, A Nation at Risk report made a recommendation that tougher standards are set and
in the ensuing two decades, the percentage of students taking four years of each academic
subject escalated profoundly.
Cubberley (1909), "Our..." (p. ?).
CASE STUDY ESSAY 3
With laying emphasis on preparing all the students for college, tracking plays an
important role of grouping students by ability within subjects. In every subject, students must be
assigned to advance, basic and regular courses depending on their performance. For example,
students in advanced track may opt to pursue pre-calculus as juniors in high school and calculus
as seniors, while students in basic tracks must take as far as geometry or algebra II. The
development of Advanced Placement courses is one example of the manner in which tracking
has become a long-standing groundwork.
It is noteworthy that the amount of fluidity and the methods by which students are
assigned tracks within a particular tracking system varies depending on the school’s mission.
Some schools may allow students to be placed into advanced class for a single subject, w ...
Eunetra Ellison Simpson, PhD Proposal Defense, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, D...William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD Dissertation Chair for Eunetra Ellison Simpson, PhD Program in Educational Leadership, PVAMU, Member of the Texas A&M University System.
CARN paper on action research as professional developmentDoctoralNet Limited
This presentation was made to CARN and contains information on the use of action research for professional development for teachers and principals in schools. For more information see: http://www.ar4everything.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Steven Norfleet, Dissertation Proposal PPT.
1. A STUDY OF EFFECTIVE
SCHOOLS PRACTICES
IMPORTANT TO THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF THE
AFRICAN AMERICAN LEARNER
A Proposal Presentation
by
Steven Norfleet
October 2008
2. Dissertation Committee
Members
William Allan Kritsonis, Ph.D.
(Dissertation Chair)
David E. Herrington, Ph.D.
(Member)
Ronald Howard, Ph.D.
(Member)
Wanda Johnson, Ph.D.
(Member)
3. Research Outline
I. Introduction
II. Background of the Problem
III. Statement of the Problem
IV. Purpose of the Study
V. Research Questions
VI. Null Hypotheses
VII. Significance of the Study
VIII. Review of Literature
IX. Method of Procedure
4. INTRODUCTION
Public schools in the United States continue to
struggle with the issue of underachievement of
the African American learner relative to their
White peers (Walker, 2006).
Educators and researchers alike have
attempted to implement many solutions to close
the achievement gap. Using primarily top-down
approaches, solutions have ranged from
improving teacher and administrator qualities,
to improving the curriculum, to placing more
emphasis on student outcome data, to
increasing the rigor in core subjects.
5. INTRODUCTION
Marzano (2003) asserts, “Research in the last
35 years demonstrates that effective schools
can have a profound impact on student
achievement” (p. 8)
Since the first National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP) report card was
issued in 1969, African American achievement
scores in reading, mathematics, and science
among 9, 13, and 17 year olds have averaged
some 30 points below their White peers.
6. INTRODUCTION
Alfred Rovai, Louis Gallien Jr. and Helen Stiff-
Williams (2007) present the added complexity
in Closing the African American Achievement
Gap in Higher Education that closing the
achievement gap in elementary and secondary
schools has now carried over to higher
education.
7. INTRODUCTION
Gail Thompson (2002) further remarks that
because of the increase in pressure on school
administrators to meet higher federal and state
accountability standards including all of the
other responsibilities placed on school
administrators, California school leaders are
asking, “What can we do to improve the
academic performance of African American
children” (p. xvii)?
8. INTRODUCTION
Hans Luyten, Adrie Visscher, and Bob Witziers
(2004) have called for studies on the why and
how of the school’s perspective in school
effectiveness research, and particularly
focusing on the classroom and at the campus
level. Their research stresses that the ultimate
goal of conducting effectiveness research is to
identify effective interventions.
9. INTRODUCTION
Bob Lingard, Jim Ladwig and Allan Luke (as
cited in Luyten et al., 2004) point out “the
black box of schooling needs to be opened
with more in-depth, qualitative analyses of
processes that actually occur in schools,
which they perceive to have a potential
influence on school performance” (pp. 256-
257).
10. Background of the Problem
In Texas public schools, differences in achievement
between African American students and their White
peers mirrors the national average. According to the
TEA, TAKS (2007) passing rate for African Americans
was 55% and their White peers was 82%.
Few studies have allowed African American students at
the high school level to articulate their view on the
schooling practices that affect their education, and even
fewer have allowed African American freshman college
students to articulate their perspective on the practices
implemented by school leaders that push the student to
achieve.
11. Background of the Problem
Bush (2002) conducted a study utilizing
qualitative methods with African American
students in suburban settings to analyze
school factors that lead to their success.
Student suggestions to school
administrators were “a designated person to
assist with minority student problems, more
interaction with the principal and teachers,
and get families more involved with
students that are having trouble” (p. 83).
12. Background of the Problem
Marzano (2000) states it well when he
says “If a school can simply identify
those variables on which it is not
performing well, it can pinpoint and
receive the information it needs to
improve student achievement” (p. 87).
13. Background of the Problem
Cooper (2000) states “If reform-minded
educators are serious about closing the
achievement gap before several decades
pass in the new millennium, we must
continue to identify alterable factors in the
schooling process that help to promote
academic success among all students and
particularly students of color” (p. 620).
14. Statement of the Problem
While there is an increase in the
number of African American students
having success on the Texas
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills
and college readiness tests in Texas
high schools, the lack of a significant
improvement may be due to the
degree of effective schools practices
implemented by school leaders.
15. Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to build
highly effective leadership practices of
school leaders, which are influential in
the academic success of students.
16. Purpose of the Study
Chubb and Moe (as cited in Marazno, 2003)
affirm:
All things being equal, a student in an
effectively organized school achieves at
least a half-year more than a student in an
ineffectively organized school over the last
two years of high school. If this difference
can be extrapolated to the normal four-year
high school experience, an effectively
organized school may increase the
achievement of its students
by more than one full year (p.8).
17. Conceptual Framework
ENHANCE EFFECTIVE
SCHOOLS PRACTICES
SAFE AND ORDERLY
ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE OF HIGH EXPECTATION
FOR SUCCESS
CLEAR AND FOCUSED MISSION
POSITIVE HOME/SCHOOL
RELATIONS
FREQUENT MONITORING OF
STUDENT PROGRESS
OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN, TIME
ON TASK
INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP
18. Quantitative Research
Question #1
How do freshman African American students
enrolled in a selected Historically Black College
and University (HBCU) rate their former high
school campus with regard to each criterion of
effective schools identified in the “effective
schools” literature?
19. Quantitative Research
Question #2
Is there a relationship between the high
school characteristics of effective schools
rated by freshman African American
students enrolled in a selected Historically
Black College and University (HBCU) and
their post-secondary achievement during
their first semester of college in
Developmental Education Mathematics?
20. Null Hypothesis
H01 - There is no statistically significant
relationship between a selected Historically
Black College and University (HBCU)
freshman African American student ratings
of their former high school’s “effective
schools” characteristics, and the student’s
first semester of college achievement in a
Developmental Education Mathematics
course.
21. Qualitative Research
Question #1
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using instructional leadership?
22. Qualitative Research
Question #2
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using clear and focused
mission?
23. Qualitative Research
Question #3
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using climate of high
expectations?
24. Qualitative Research
Question #4
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using safe and orderly
environment?
25. Qualitative Research
Question #5
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using frequent monitoring of
student progress?
26. Qualitative Research
Question #6
How do African American students
report that their high school campus
strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning
for all using positive home-school
relations?
27. Qualitative Research
Question #7
How do African American students
report that their former high school
campus strives to improve academic
achievement by promoting learning for
all using opportunity to learn and
student time on task?
28. Significance of the Study
A constant in schooling, school
leadership, teaching and learning, and
increased success in student
achievement is the effectiveness of
the school’s program to reach every
student at the highest levels.
29. Significance of the Study
“In the 1960s the US led the world in high school
qualifications and Korea was 27th. Now Korea leads the
world and the US is 13th and falling. As recently as 1995
the US was second in the world on college-level
graduation rates; just a decade later it has slipped to
14th…
” (Barber, 2008).
Given the history of achievement differences between
African American students and their White peers, it is
central to improve the performance of the education team
to achieve greater success in schools.
This study will seek to enhance the effective schools
practices of the education team, by providing a stage for
African American students to participate and articulate
their views on schooling practices that motivate them to
achieve.
30. Significance of the Study
Results of the study may:
generate new strategies and
approaches employed by school
leaders that could lead to improved
academic achievement in the African
American learner;
31. Significance of the Study
provide college and university teacher
education programs with information
on effective schools practices that
resonate with the African American
learner;
For policy makers, results may shed
light on funding support and program
interventions that African American
students say are effective and needed
with future generations of African
American students.
32. Significance of the Study
The study will provide quantitative and
qualitative data to school leaders
indicating the impact of an effective
high school on the achievement of
African American students that are
college freshmen.
33. Review of Literature
Collyn Bray Swanson (2004) examined
Safe and Orderly Climate in a study to
determine if there was a difference in the
performance of military dependent African
American students attending a public school
and military dependent African American
students attending a Department of
Defense Education Activity (DoDEA)
school. Results indicated students in the
DoDEA system scored slightly higher on the
ACT college entrance exam than did the
students in the public education system.
34. Review of Literature
Scheerens and Bosker (1997) identified
eight characteristics of successful schools
in their work entitled The Foundations of
Educational Effectiveness. Monitoring of
student progress was determined to be a
key component to improving achievement.
Robert Marzano (2003) in What Works in
Schools identified five characteristics of
highly successful schools, and stresses
challenging goals and effective feedback as
major components to achieving high
expectations.
35. Review of Literature
Bamburg and Andrews (1990) conducted
an investigation specifically looking at the
relationships of a clear and focused mission
and the role of the principal as the campus
instructional leader to the academic
achievement of students. Results indicated
that the school goal “To insure academic
excellence” showed a significant difference
between high achieving and low achieving
schools.
36. Review of Literature
Gentulucci and Muto (2007) conducted a study
investigating students’ perceptions of what
principals do to influence their academic
achievement. Findings indicated principals that
visited classrooms and interacted with students
were more influential as instructional leaders
than those whose visits were few, short, and
passive. Students also indicated that principals
that walked around the classroom, checked on
their work, and provided gentle advice had
more powerful influence on their learning than
those sitting in the back of the classroom and
observing passively.
37. Review of Literature
Boscardin et al. (2005) conducted a study to
determine how Opportunity To Learn (OTL)
variables impact student outcomes and if
the effects were consistent across the
subjects of English and algebra
assessments. One result of the study was
content coverage, which was defined by
Boscardin as the amount of time dedicated
to key content areas, was found to be
consistently associated with student
performance.
38. Review of Literature
Zuelke (1982) attempted to customize a
model that school districts could use to
reallocate human and material resources to
enhance reading and mathematics
achievement. The study summarized that
evidence existed to suggest certain school
related variables such as student time-on-
task do make a difference in mathematics
and reading achievement.
39. Review of Literature
Zavadsky (2006) examined frequent
monitoring of school progress in describing
five urban school districts that were
awarded the Broad Prize for the most
improved school districts in the United
States. One consistent finding of the Broad
Prize finalist’s awards was a commitment to
analyze and share data and assessments to
help make informed decisions that affect the
student, the school, and the district.
40. Review of Literature
Stewart’s (2007) study looked at 546 high
schools and included 1,238 African
American students. Students were asked on
the survey to indicate the degree to which
parents engaged in a variety of school
activities ranging from parent organization
meetings to volunteering. Results revealed
the importance of the role of school leaders
in improving the relationships between
parents and the school to improve
achievement of the African American
learner.
41. Method of Procedure
This section will include a review of:
(1) research design, (2) sample, (3)
instrumentation, (4) procedural
details, (5) internal validity, and (6)
data analysis.
To advance the research procedures
the study will employ survey,
correlational, and descriptive
approaches.
42. Research Design
The researcher will employ quantitative
and qualitative techniques in a mixed
method research design
To meet the objectives of the research
design, the procedure will be: (1) collect
quantitative data 1a; (2) followed by
collect qualitative data; and (3) followed
by collect quantitative data 1b.
43. Research Design
The researcher will collect quantitative data
in two phases: (1)administer a survey to
freshman college students enrolled in a
Developmental Education Mathematics
course; and (2) collect student grades from
college instructors assigned to teach the
Developmental Education Mathematics
course at the end of the Fall Semester
2008.
The researcher will administer the survey at
a class time of the instructor’s preference.
Grades will be grouped.
44. Research Design
In the qualitative phase, the researcher will
be the instrument for data collection. Using
focus group interviews, the study seeks to
develop an in-depth understanding of the
research phenomenon associated with
implementing the correlates of effective
schools at the high school level, and the
impact on achievement.
To maintain accuracy of the data the
researcher will utilize an audiotape
recorder, will write field notes, and the
researcher will keep a journal for reflections.
45. Subjects of the Study
The population to which the study will be
generalized is African American students
attending Texas high schools.
The population sample will be drawn using
convenience sampling techniques in the
quantitative phase and purposeful sampling
(homogeneous sampling) techniques in the
qualitative phase.
46. Subjects of the Study
The population sample will comprise first year
and first time freshman college students, from a
selected Historically Black College and
University (HBCU) located in the south west
part of the United States.
Sample participants will self-identify themselves
on the survey as first year and first time
freshman college students, by ethnicity, gender,
high school attended, year graduated, course
level Math 0100, 0113, 0133, identification
number, and by instructor.
There are a total 806 students in 35 sections of
Developmental Education Mathematics
courses, and 10 instructors.
47. Instrumentation
(Quantitative)
Correlates of Effective Schools Survey – taken
from Reality Check database of 2000 questions
produced by Dr. Lawrence Lezotte. Permission
has been granted by Effective Schools Products
Ltd. to use the database.
There are seven correlates with three sub-
categories and nine questions that combine to
describe and operationally define each
correlate.
The survey contains 63 question-items with 21
items worded in the negative.
Dr. Teresa Hughes will review the survey for
content validity.
48. Instrumentation
(Qualitative)
Using the focus group as the unit of
analysis, there will be three groups of ten
randomly drawn from the population sample
and invited to participate in the qualitative
phase.
A room will be reserved to conduct the
focus group interviews at the research site
student center.
A focus group interview session will take
approximately 45 minutes.
49. Analysis of Data
The researcher will use a triangulation
design to analyze the data from
descriptive statistics collected from
the survey, notes and audiotape
recordings collected from focus group
interviews, and student fall semester
grades collected from instructors of
the Developmental Education
Mathematics course.
50. Analysis of Data (Quantitative)
Research Question #1 Statistical Measurement
How do freshman African
American students enrolled
in a selected Historically
Black College and University
(HBCU) rate their former high
school campus with regard to
each criterion of effective
schools identified in the
“effective schools” literature?
Descriptive statistics
measures including central
tendencies, frequency
distribution, and percentages
will be used to summarize
the results of the survey.
Effective Schools Ltd. will
compile the results in a
narrative, tabular, and
graphical form.
51. Analysis of Data (Quantitative)
RESEARCH
QUESTION #2
HYPOTHESES INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES
DEPENDENT
VARIABLE
STATISTICAL TEST
Is there a
relationship
between the high
school
characteristics
of effective schools
rated by freshman
African American
students enrolled in
a selected
Historically Black
College and
University (HBCU)
and their post-
secondary
achievement during
their first semester of
college in
Developmental
Education
Mathematics ?
H01 - There is no
statistically significant
relationship between a
selected Historically
Black College and
University (HBCU)
freshman African
American student
ratings of their former
high school’s “effective
schools”
characteristics, and the
student’s first semester
of college achievement
in Developmental
Education
Mathematics.
Correlates
of
Effective Schools
Semester
Grade in
Developmental
Education
Mathematics
1. Correlation
using Pearson r
2. Multiple
Regression
Analysis R²
*SPSS 13.0 will
be used to run
the statistic.
52. Analysis of Data (Qualitative)
Research Questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
A code and a table of contents will be
assigned to each focus group interview
session. Data will be organized by file folder
and computer file, whether recorded as
written field notes or audiotape recordings.
Audiotape recordings will be transcribed using
a projection of one hour of recording time to
four hours of transcription. A text document
will be used with spacing for questions and
notes to be written in margins.
Personal reflections will be noted in the
margin of the field notes and in a journal.
53. Analysis of Data (Qualitative)
Research Questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Field notes, journal reflections, and audiotape
recordings will be sorted and sifted for similar
phrases, relationships, themes, and
differences.
Patterns, differences, and commonalities will
be noted.
Consistencies in interviews will be
generalized.
Generalizations will be examined in terms of
the body of knowledge surrounding the
research problem and questions.
54. Summary
The study will explore the view of the
African American student on
increasing achievement for future
students from similar backgrounds as
themselves, by focusing on the
schooling practices implemented by
school leaders which influence the
experiences of the learner.
55. References
Bush, R. (2002). Factors contributing to the
success of African American students in
suburban settings: Students’ perspectives,
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Roosevelt
University, Chicago, Illinois.
Barber, Sir M. (2008). Neither rest nor
tranquility: Education and the American dream
in the 21st century. Aspen Institute, Washington
DC: September 15, 2008.
Chubb, J. & Moe, T. (1990). Politics, markets,
and America’s schools. Washington, DC: The
Brookings Institute.
Lezotte, L. (1997). Learning for all. Okemos, MI:
Effective Schools Products, Ltd.
56. References
Lingard, B., Ladwig, J., & Luke, A. (1998). School effects
in postmodern conditions. In R. Slee & G. Weiner (with S.
Tomlinson) (Eds.), School effectiveness for whom?
Challenges to the school effectiveness and school
improvement movements (84-100). London: Falmer
Press.
Luyten, H., Visscher, A., & Witziers, B. (2004). School
effectiveness research: From a review of the criticism to
recommendations for further development. School
Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(3), 249-279.
Marzano, R. (2003). What works in schools: Translating
research into action. Alexandria, VA: Association for
Supervision and Curriculum Development Publishers
57. References
Rovai, A., Gallien Jr., L. & Stiff-Williams, H.
(2007). Closing the African American
Achievement Gap in Higher Education. New
York, New York: Teachers College Press,
Columbia University.
Thompson, G. (2002). African American teens
discuss their schooling experiences. Westport,
Connecticut: Gergin and Garvey Publishers
Walker, E. (2006). Urban high school students’
academic communities and their effects on
mathematics success. American Educational
Research Journal, 43(1), 43-73.