Dr. Ravi Dhar Summarizes Technology Transfer India 2016

BRIEF SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN ACADEMIC
ORGANIZATIONS
Ravi Dhar, Ph.D., f-STEM
in.linkedin.com/pub/ravi-dhar/18/71b/895
(Email: rdhar_in@yahoo.com)
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 1
IPR Workshop, JIPMER, Puducherry
Sept. 10, 2016
Modified on 20/9/2016…9/20/2016

Acknowledgements
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes
2
 DBT
 BIRAC
 ICMR
 NII
 NIH
 USDA, JHU, NYU
 Dr. M.K. Bhan
 BU {Drs. Gerald Keusch, Ashley Stevens; & Altaf Lal}
 Kellogg’s Business School, Center for Biotechnology, North Western University
 Nature Biotechnology, International Journal of Technology, Bio-Materials,
Nature Nano-technology , MIT Technology Review, MedGadget
 Various Websites (USPTO, IPO, EPO) , Books, NYT
 Several 0ther Colleagues
9/20/2016

Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes3
World is full of Problems or Challenges
in Health, Agriculture, Environmental sectors
which need solution/s
Finding Solutions would lead to
Innovative Ways or Products or
Technologies
9/20/2016

Technologies are Generated by an
Act of Mind
The commodity Developed or produced is
thus called as
Intellectual Property
The legal rights to the property or products
developed
is called as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
9/20/2016

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
5
Property or products like drugs, vaccines,
medical devices, biochemical reagents (for bio-
medical research etc.), ‘produced’ as a result of
creativity or an act of mind comprise IPRs.
National & International Treaties & Regulations
govern, ownership of such property or products
9/20/2016

Due to Legal Rights
IPRs generate greater interest to
find Solutions to Problems
& develop Technologies
9/20/2016

Products or Inventions or Technologies:
An example
9/20/2016

( Courtesy image:National Science Foundation, USA)
9/20/2016

9/20/2016Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes9
Relationship between Technology
Development & Commerce

Problems Big or Small
Need Solutions
Finding Solutions would lead to
innovative Products &
with Related Education &
Mentoring lead to
Technologies/Solutions
Commerce
Commercial Activity,
Entrepreneurship & Jobs
9/20/2016

Technology Development Needs
Careful Thinking & Funding

R&D in Academia or Industry
Basic & Applied Research
Funding
(Public or Private or
Venture Capital, Angel Investors)
Both Applied or Basic Research result
in Innovative, Sustainable Product Development for
Public Consumption
9/20/2016

13
Innovation/ Proof of Concept/ Product
Validation/Product Development/Sale
Deliberate on Royalty issues
9/20/2016

Innovation & Enterprise
Individuals/
Universities/ Key Players
Institutes/
Industries
Invention/ Technology
Investment
Enterprise/Start up Company
Royalty Reap the Fruits of Innovation if
the product is commercialized
14
Contribution to Economy
IP
Protection/
Patents
9/20/2016

How do we generate
Intellectual Property?
Research
Legal Protection/Patent
Practical leads/
PoC/
Invention/Product
File a Patent/
License the
Technology; or
Sell Technology
Develop & Manufacture
Product
(commercial activity)
Company/
Enterprise
Entrepreneurship
9/20/2016

Innovators desire or demand:
 Legal protection for innovations;
 Compensation + Awards to keep their
innovative spirit going
Governments of various countries agreed to do the
needful
Net Result:
These regulations keep the “fire in the genius going”
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes 169/20/2016

Innovations should be:
 Purposeful
 Affordable
 Useful for an individual or society
 Sustainable
 Easy to use
 Safe to use
 Easy to manufacture
Approved by Society
Should have component of Corporate Social
responsibility
9/20/2016

Technology Management & Transfer
A complex process involving series of well thought of steps:
1. Research
2. Pre-Disclosure
3. Invention Disclosure
4. Assessment
5. Protection
6. Upscale
7. Make a Start-up Company or Use Existing Company
8. Licensing
9. Marketing & Commercialization
10. Revenue Generation
11. Royalty Sharing or Charity?
18
9/20/2016

19
Invention
TTO
Disclose Invention to Patent Office (PO)
Review & Approval at PO
Protect Intellectual Property (Patent)/Grant
Find Potential Licensee/Industrial Partner
NDA/CDA/ License
Upscale/Prototype/Clincal or Field Trials
Production/ Marketing & Commercialization
Royalties
TechnologyManagementProcess
LinearModel
9/20/2016

Technology Management Process
1. Idea/Proof of Concept : Technical Assessment
2. File a Patent (Prior Art Search: Novelty/non-Obviousness/Utility) /  (Publish Manuscript)
3. Grant Process at Patent Office : Be patient
4. Find an Industrial Partner : Be Patient or float your Start-up Company
5. MoUs_NDA : TTO or Attorney or Agencies
6. Licence , DA : TTO or Attorney
7. Exchange Know-how_MoUs : You and Industry
8. Demand Signing Amount : You + University
9. Furnish Data (Importance of Record Book): You + Industry
10. Freedom to Operate Analysis : TTO/ Patent Attorney
11. Industrial Partner will Validate Data>Upscale>Pilot run
12. Milestone Payments : You + University
13. Industry will Manufacture, Commercialize, Market Product
14. Distribution of Royalty on Sales : You + University + Industry
Technology Trasnfer in India & Loopholes20 9/20/2016

What India Needs to become more
Innovative?
Innovations need platforms as they are emerging in the
world’s most advanced countries, and India has the
potential to capitalize on this platform as well.
In fact, our performance to date has been low in certain
disciplines . Nonetheless, we observe a gradual change.
Our innovative_commercialization record has been weak; we have a limited
ability to harness risk capital; we have a shortage of critical, highly skilled talent;
and our slow regulatory approvals process could limit the pace of development.
9/20/2016

Technology Trasnfer in India &
Loopholes
22
Types of Inventions/Technologies
From Social angle (Social Impact)
Social : (=cheap, easy to use; “Jugaad”?)
From Scientific angle (Technical Impact)
Incremental: (=small but useful innovations)
Disruptive : (=great path-breaking inventions)
Futuristic : (=as used by space agencies)
From Business Angle (Business Impact)
Sustenance of economy
9/20/2016

Role of Freedom to Operate (FTOs) Searches
in a
Research Area

Why do we Search?
To retrieve information which is required to answer specific questions
How we Search?
What do we Search?
Identify Keywords or write the Key string
Any document or information related to questions

Why do we search patents?
o Is a given invention patentable?
o Do the patent rights already exist for a given
product/process?
o Is a given patent valid?
o Which technologies exist in a given field of
technology?
o Who is active in a given field of technology?

• Is a given invention (claimed in a patent application) patentable?
Patentability Search
• Do patent rights exist on which a given product risks infringing?
Freedom-To-Operate Search
• Is a given patent valid?
Validity/Invalidity Search
• Which technologies exist in a given field of technology?
• Who is active in a given field of technology?
State-of-the Art Search

Technology Management
&Transfer
27
9/20/2016

28
Proof of Concept Legal Protection
ValidationIn house Experimental Production
MARKET SALES
Components of Technology Management
Clinical Trials/Field Trials
9/20/2016

Technology Transfer Process
Technology
(A Vaccine/Therapeutic Agent/GM Crop etc)
(Drug Discovery> Product Development (Delivery Method+ Kinetics of Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion)> Clinical Evaluation (Toxicity + Animal & Human Studies)>
Invention Disclosure
Assessment/ Screening
Patent Protection
Licensing & Monitoring
Technology Transfer
(Active Pharmaceutical ingredient> Drug Product(Dosage & Delivery Systems)>
Analytic Methods> Stability)
Product Development & Commercialization
Revenue & Monitoring
(http://www.nii.res.in/faculty-06/RaviDhar.htm)
29
University/
Institute/
Organization
Start-up Company
/Entrepreneur or a
Big Company
9/20/2016

Technology Transfer Support Systems
is essential

Technology Transfer Offices in Indian Academic
Environment
31
 R&D Organizations
 CSIR
 ICMR
 IARI
 DRDO
 DBT
 BIRAC
 CSIR Tech
 IISC, Bangalore
 Universities (?)
 ISRO
 DRDO
9/20/2016

Disposal of Technology
32
9/20/2016

Disposal of Technologies
We may get a Patent for a Technology or License it to an
Industry after :-
 Evaluation : Apply “Go- No Go –Kill” concept (on the
basis of maturity/market requirement etc)
 Upscale
 License after Valuation
 Production
 Monitor
 Sales & Royalty
33
9/20/2016

Technology Valuation
Loopholes
34
Acthar Gel for infantile spasms ?
9/20/2016

Value Grid mapping of Technology /
Product Portfolios
Loopholes
359/20/2016

Technology Transfer Strategies in Indian Institutions
TT Component Model-I Model-I Model-III Model-IV Model-IV
Technology Y Y Y Y Y
Invention Disclosure Y Y Y Y Y
Invention
Assessment
? ? ? Y Y
Patent Protection Y Y ? Y N
NDA N N ? Y Y
DA N Y Y Y Y
Licensing Agreement Y/? Y Y Y Y/N
Revenue deals Y/? Y/? Y/? Y Y
Sharing Know-how ?? ? Y Y Y/N
Monitoring N ? N Y Y/N
Technology Transfer Y Y Y Y Y
Product Development N N N Y Y
Commercialization N N N Y N
Revenue collection Y Y* Y Y Y
Y= Yes; N= No (RD_JIPMER_2016)
9/20/2016

Deficiencies in Technology Management
Half hearted approach to Technology Management or
Transfer Due to deficiencies in Skilled manpower in
Universities or R&D organizations
Indian Academic Organizations should develop a central
Directory to log in the title of their Technologies for further
Action or support they need
We should learn from ISRO/ DRDO/ Private Pharmaceutical
or Biotech Industries

Challenging Areas in Tech Management
38
 IP Mining
 FTOs
 Technology Mapping
 Infringements
 Licensing
 Institutional IP policies
 How to gel Public and Private effort ??
 IP rights are being felt as a burden to
innovation?
9/20/2016

Improved Quality of Science needs:
1) Big Budgets & Political will
2) Pool of Skilled Manpower
3) Technology Platforms
4) Intense & meaningful Collaborations
9/20/2016

Organizations with Integrated Innovation
& IP Management have High Quality (economically
valuable) Patent Portfolios
Patent Quality Impact on Performance
(+)
High Potential
(++)
Innovation
Leaders
Losers
(-)
Activists
(--)
(low) (high)
Patents/R&D Expenditure
Ernst, 2008; Chicago
40
9/20/2016

Example: Technology Transfer in Private
R&D Sector (2016)
Micronet (spin-off), University of Munich Inst. Of
Immunology (2012) Multiple Myeloma Drug (MMD)
Candidate
Boehringer Inc (CT) further develops MMD as
BI_836909
(drug targets B-cell maturation antigen)
Amgen given rights for Clinical Development, Transfer
Manufacturing & Global Regulatory Filing
9/20/2016

Market
Research is
Very Important
9/20/2016

43
9/20/2016

Loopholes
44
Thank you
Questions?
(rdhar_in@yahoo.com)
9/20/2016

Dr. Ravi Dhar Summarizes Technology Transfer India 2016

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Dr. Ravi Dhar Summarizes Technology Transfer India 2016