This document discusses food marketing to children and outlines some of the key issues and opportunities for policy changes. It notes that food marketing spends millions advertising unhealthy products to children and that exposure to food ads can account for up to 23% of the variance in children's food choices and obesity rates. It also discusses how digital marketing may amplify the effects of television advertising on children. The document argues for stronger regulations and policies to restrict unhealthy food marketing to children, in line with WHO recommendations. It identifies upcoming opportunities for policy changes being considered in the UK and Ireland.
A two-part report published in February 2004. Part one details and analyses the results of a MORI poll, which found that 84% of parents felt that companies targeted their children too much. It also sets out the Family and Parenting Institute’s recommendations and looks at how other countries approach the issue. Part two presents the full report of a conference on marketing to children, which brought together opinion formers and policy makers in an open debate on the topic.
A two-part report published in February 2004. Part one details and analyses the results of a MORI poll, which found that 84% of parents felt that companies targeted their children too much. It also sets out the Family and Parenting Institute’s recommendations and looks at how other countries approach the issue. Part two presents the full report of a conference on marketing to children, which brought together opinion formers and policy makers in an open debate on the topic.
Alfawzan3
Abdulelah Alfawzan
Dr, Mackin
English 1020
November 20 2014
Food Advertising and Marketing
Teenagers have been considered a major market force by the food and beverage industry in United States of America. Teenagers are becoming the sphere of influence for marketers because of their nature of expenditure, spending power, and their purchasing influence. Food marketers know that the youth have equal if not more spending power than adults. The teen hold purchasing influence and have the potential to be life long consumers. Food and beverage industry in the US has, increased the amount of advertising that aggressively and intensively target the youth trough multiple channels. Marketing efforts are now targeted towards teenagers. There are quit a number of channels that have been used to reach the youth in order to create awareness and teach them about new products in market. These channels include televisions, internet, brand logos on toys and products, in school marketing, kids club, product placement, promotions targeting the youth among others (Almas, 2012). Products predominantly high in sugar and fat have increasingly been advertised and this has had a major health epidemic in the US. Such advertisements are slowly moving from television into the classroom. New creative techniques are being explored by marketing companies to reach the target audience, the youth through promotions, incentive programs, and contests. This has resulted into the government of United States placing regulations on how much advertisements should be allowed during children programming.
Miguel Carriquiry and Bruce Babcock who represent considerable authority in moral hypothesis. They concentrate on life science issues: farming, creatures, and biotechnology For proper and effective child development and growth, nutrition is very important. Eating habits that are acquired during childhood always track into adulthood. This can contribute to long term chronic diseases risk. Multiple research has shown that the dietary intake pattern of teenagers in USA does not meet the national dietary goals; and are very poor. Many teenagers are eating foods away from home. The common foods taken away from home include soft drinks and frequent snacks. This has to more calories obtained from fat and added sugar. This has portrayed a shift over the past few decades. Snacking and constant use of soft drinks has led to childhood overweight and growing epidemic. This has resulted to increasing acquisition of obesity among the children and adolescents in the US. Childhood overweight and obesity is now a major health concern in the US. More than 15 percent of the youth and children in the US are overweight. This is twice the number of prevalence in 1980s. The situation has led to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factor. the American Academy of Pediatrics have reported that teens who view fast food advertisements are at a higher risk of becoming overweight th.
Nestlé the infant formular controversyEric Nhan Le
Most of the charges against infant formulas focus on the issue of discouraged breast feeding among Third World mothers and have led to misuse of the products, thus contributing to infant malnutrition and death....
VOLUME 8 NO. 5, A92 SEPTEMBER 2011Protecting Children Fro.docxdickonsondorris
VOLUME 8: NO. 5, A92 SEPTEMBER 2011
Protecting Children From Harmful Food
Marketing: Options for Local Government
to Make a Difference
SPECIAL TOPIC
Suggested citation for this article: Harris JL, Graff SK.
Protecting children from harmful food marketing: options
for local government to make a difference. Prev Chronic
Dis 2011;8(5):A92. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/
sep/10_0272.htm. Accessed [date].
PEER REVIEWED
Abstract
The obesity epidemic cannot be reversed without sub-
stantial improvements in the food marketing environ-
ment that surrounds children. Food marketing targeted
to children almost exclusively promotes calorie-dense,
nutrient-poor foods and takes advantage of children’s
vulnerability to persuasive messages. Increasing scientific
evidence reveals potentially profound effects of food mar-
keting on children’s lifelong eating behaviors and health.
Much of this marketing occurs in nationwide media (eg,
television, the Internet), but companies also directly tar-
get children in their own communities through the use
of billboards and through local environments such as
stores, restaurants, and schools. Given the harmful effect
of this marketing environment on children’s health and
the industry’s reluctance to make necessary changes to its
food marketing practices, government at all levels has an
obligation to act. This article focuses on policy options for
municipalities that are seeking ways to limit harmful food
marketing at the community level.
Introduction
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States
imposes a major burden on society in health care costs and
children’s physical and mental health (1). Meanwhile, the
food industry spends massive amounts of money market-
ing calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, and its marketing
specifically targets children (2). The obesity crisis cannot
be solved without dramatic changes to the obesogenic mar-
keting environment that surrounds children (3).
The White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity has
called for immediate action: “Key actors — from food and
beverage companies, to restaurants, food retailers, trade
associations, the media, government and others — all
have an important role to play in creating a food market-
ing environment that supports, rather than undermines,
the efforts of parents and other caregivers to encourage
healthy eating among children and prevent obesity” (4).
Given government’s fundamental obligation to advance
public health, lawmakers at all levels must take the lead
to change this toxic environment and shield children from
exposure to marketing of food products that contribute to
the obesity crisis (3). Although the federal government
has jurisdiction to regulate national media and the First
Amendment to the US Constitution limits what govern-
ment at any level can do to restrict advertising, munici-
palities do have constitutionally viable options to protect
children from the harmful food marke ...
Nirav Patel Hoboken - What Are They Selling You in Fast Food AdvertisingNirav B Patel Hoboken
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Responsible Marketing to Children - Position Paper by Sportz Village.pdfUpmaKanswa1
It is common to see brands adopt 'responsible' 4Ps of marketing since consumers are now actively demanding greater progress on sustainability and social change; and they need to see real action on ground! And for brands looking to engage with kids, it is a far greater responsibility since advertising and communication to kids is under greater regulatory and public scrutiny. Is there a way for brands to co-opt a social cause with children, actively and responsibly involve them in brand campaigns, while creating ample opportunities to build mindshare for the brand - all at the same time? Our paper provides a solution framework that can help brands bridge the gap between promise and action towards a cause by involving children as their brand evangelists and schools as the centre of action.
Alfawzan3
Abdulelah Alfawzan
Dr, Mackin
English 1020
November 20 2014
Food Advertising and Marketing
Teenagers have been considered a major market force by the food and beverage industry in United States of America. Teenagers are becoming the sphere of influence for marketers because of their nature of expenditure, spending power, and their purchasing influence. Food marketers know that the youth have equal if not more spending power than adults. The teen hold purchasing influence and have the potential to be life long consumers. Food and beverage industry in the US has, increased the amount of advertising that aggressively and intensively target the youth trough multiple channels. Marketing efforts are now targeted towards teenagers. There are quit a number of channels that have been used to reach the youth in order to create awareness and teach them about new products in market. These channels include televisions, internet, brand logos on toys and products, in school marketing, kids club, product placement, promotions targeting the youth among others (Almas, 2012). Products predominantly high in sugar and fat have increasingly been advertised and this has had a major health epidemic in the US. Such advertisements are slowly moving from television into the classroom. New creative techniques are being explored by marketing companies to reach the target audience, the youth through promotions, incentive programs, and contests. This has resulted into the government of United States placing regulations on how much advertisements should be allowed during children programming.
Miguel Carriquiry and Bruce Babcock who represent considerable authority in moral hypothesis. They concentrate on life science issues: farming, creatures, and biotechnology For proper and effective child development and growth, nutrition is very important. Eating habits that are acquired during childhood always track into adulthood. This can contribute to long term chronic diseases risk. Multiple research has shown that the dietary intake pattern of teenagers in USA does not meet the national dietary goals; and are very poor. Many teenagers are eating foods away from home. The common foods taken away from home include soft drinks and frequent snacks. This has to more calories obtained from fat and added sugar. This has portrayed a shift over the past few decades. Snacking and constant use of soft drinks has led to childhood overweight and growing epidemic. This has resulted to increasing acquisition of obesity among the children and adolescents in the US. Childhood overweight and obesity is now a major health concern in the US. More than 15 percent of the youth and children in the US are overweight. This is twice the number of prevalence in 1980s. The situation has led to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular risk factor. the American Academy of Pediatrics have reported that teens who view fast food advertisements are at a higher risk of becoming overweight th.
Nestlé the infant formular controversyEric Nhan Le
Most of the charges against infant formulas focus on the issue of discouraged breast feeding among Third World mothers and have led to misuse of the products, thus contributing to infant malnutrition and death....
VOLUME 8 NO. 5, A92 SEPTEMBER 2011Protecting Children Fro.docxdickonsondorris
VOLUME 8: NO. 5, A92 SEPTEMBER 2011
Protecting Children From Harmful Food
Marketing: Options for Local Government
to Make a Difference
SPECIAL TOPIC
Suggested citation for this article: Harris JL, Graff SK.
Protecting children from harmful food marketing: options
for local government to make a difference. Prev Chronic
Dis 2011;8(5):A92. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/
sep/10_0272.htm. Accessed [date].
PEER REVIEWED
Abstract
The obesity epidemic cannot be reversed without sub-
stantial improvements in the food marketing environ-
ment that surrounds children. Food marketing targeted
to children almost exclusively promotes calorie-dense,
nutrient-poor foods and takes advantage of children’s
vulnerability to persuasive messages. Increasing scientific
evidence reveals potentially profound effects of food mar-
keting on children’s lifelong eating behaviors and health.
Much of this marketing occurs in nationwide media (eg,
television, the Internet), but companies also directly tar-
get children in their own communities through the use
of billboards and through local environments such as
stores, restaurants, and schools. Given the harmful effect
of this marketing environment on children’s health and
the industry’s reluctance to make necessary changes to its
food marketing practices, government at all levels has an
obligation to act. This article focuses on policy options for
municipalities that are seeking ways to limit harmful food
marketing at the community level.
Introduction
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States
imposes a major burden on society in health care costs and
children’s physical and mental health (1). Meanwhile, the
food industry spends massive amounts of money market-
ing calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, and its marketing
specifically targets children (2). The obesity crisis cannot
be solved without dramatic changes to the obesogenic mar-
keting environment that surrounds children (3).
The White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity has
called for immediate action: “Key actors — from food and
beverage companies, to restaurants, food retailers, trade
associations, the media, government and others — all
have an important role to play in creating a food market-
ing environment that supports, rather than undermines,
the efforts of parents and other caregivers to encourage
healthy eating among children and prevent obesity” (4).
Given government’s fundamental obligation to advance
public health, lawmakers at all levels must take the lead
to change this toxic environment and shield children from
exposure to marketing of food products that contribute to
the obesity crisis (3). Although the federal government
has jurisdiction to regulate national media and the First
Amendment to the US Constitution limits what govern-
ment at any level can do to restrict advertising, munici-
palities do have constitutionally viable options to protect
children from the harmful food marke ...
Nirav Patel Hoboken - What Are They Selling You in Fast Food AdvertisingNirav B Patel Hoboken
Nirav B Patel Hoboken invests money in Restaurant and Ba business. He is a successful businessman. Nirav B Patel Hoboken the best investor in NJ to get profit.
Responsible Marketing to Children - Position Paper by Sportz Village.pdfUpmaKanswa1
It is common to see brands adopt 'responsible' 4Ps of marketing since consumers are now actively demanding greater progress on sustainability and social change; and they need to see real action on ground! And for brands looking to engage with kids, it is a far greater responsibility since advertising and communication to kids is under greater regulatory and public scrutiny. Is there a way for brands to co-opt a social cause with children, actively and responsibly involve them in brand campaigns, while creating ample opportunities to build mindshare for the brand - all at the same time? Our paper provides a solution framework that can help brands bridge the gap between promise and action towards a cause by involving children as their brand evangelists and schools as the centre of action.
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
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Dr. Mimi Tatlow-Golden - food marketing to children
1. Food marketing to children
Mimi Tatlow-Golden
Lecturer, Developmental Psychology & Childhood
Co-Director, CCW@OU body, mind & media
@MimiTGolden @AdwarenessS
2. CONTENTS
2
01 IoI food marketing, knowledge & treat-giving
02 The data issue… magnifying harms
03 Current policy opportunities – Ireland & UK
4. Mimi Tatlow-Golden, OU
Emma Boyland, U Liverpool
Monika Zalniurte, U Melbourne
Elizabeth Handsley, Flinders U
Jo Jewell, WHO
Joao Breda, WHO
Gauden Galea, WHO
Peer reviewed by
Clayton Hamilton, WHO
Jennifer Harris, Rudd Center, UConn
Jonathan Liberman, U Melbourne
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
• Children have rights…
to protection of health, of privacy, and against economic exploitation
to participation (including in digital media)
• Parents should facilitate these rights
• States should support parents in this
6. Advertising effects
on children’s
eating 2%
variation
?
6
Ofcom 2006:
“experimental and survey studies… measured effects of advertising/
television are small. … suggest that such exposure accounts for
some 2% of the variation in food choice/obesity”
Livingstone, S. (2006). Television advertising of food and drink products to children. Research
Annexes 9-11. Ofcom.
Obesity Policy Research Unit UCL 2018:
“Bolton (1983) … television food advertising accounts for
2% of the variance in children’s snacking frequency”
BUT
“adjusted R2 for children’s commercial food exposure
…0.23, i.e. … 23% of the variance”
AND “very major limitations to this work”: [1977 data; high
SES only; no measure of ad exposure; measure of
snacking only; no accounting for indirect effects]
Russell, S., Viner, R. & Croker, H. (2018). Investigating the effect of food advertising on
children’s dietary intake. OPRU Briefing Paper. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/obesity-policy-
research-unit/sites/obesity-policy-research-unit/files/quantifying-effect-screen-
advertising-childhood-dietary-intake-obesity.pdf
8. WHO NP
74% not permitted
Permitted
UK Nutrient Profiling (NP)
53% not permitted
‘Advertised diet’ on Island of Ireland
Regulation-compliant children’s TV viewing
Viewing patterns: 4-6 years (NI/RoI)
9. ‘Healthy… or not?’
F&V high
awareness
Less for sweets,
treats, fast food as
not healthy
Matching food
brand logos to
food images at 5y:
>90% unhealthy
57% healthy
10. 10
Food Treats
N=1039 IoI
• Parents
• Grandparents,
• Childminders
• Education practitioners
‘Treats’:
Deserved, routine
Reasons for giving:
1. Reward good behaviour
2. Because child asks
3. To make child feel better
Foods given: 2/3 unhealthy
11.
12. Economies of emotion,
through engagement,
entertainment
Brand Pages – Build a ‘closer
relationship’ with users
Ask them to ‘follow’ / ‘like’ /
‘tag’ others…
Economy of ‘likes’, approval,
networks…
Almost exclusively unhealthy
items/brands
13. ‘Great maturity needed not to fall for it’
‘Messages from people they idolise’
‘The prizes are things they can identify with
and want’
‘Advertising by stealth’
‘Dishonest’ – ‘immoral’
‘They're much more subtle than first
thought’
‘I asked my children if they see much online
advertising and they said yes, they did’
3 in 4 felt regulations ‘should apply’ online
PARENTS’
VIEWS
14. In social media, young adolescents…
Look more at unhealthy food brands compared to healthy-
or non-food brands… (eyetracking)
… recall and recognise unhealthy food brands more than
healthy- or non-food brands…
… would share content and like profiles more that feature
food marketing for unhealthy items
-> Unhealthy food items – role in adolescent identity and
relationships
Corcoran, Sheppard, Murphy, Boyland, Rooney & Tatlow-
Golden (in preparation)
email me mimi.tatlow-golden@open.ac.uk
15. 1. Amplifies TV, other effects
reach
recall
brand likeability (Facebook,
2015)
70% increase of TV effects
(Microsoft, 2013)
2. Greater effects, less spend
x4 direct return, vs TV (Peterson,
2014)
x3 recall compared to control
groups
FB, 14 campaigns (Gibs & Bruich, 2010)
Digital marketing impact:
Industry research
17. Data
extraction
& analysis
Nothing is too trivial or ephemeral for this harvesting:
Facebook ‘likes’, Google searches, emails, texts, photos, songs
and videos, location, communication patterns, networks,
purchases, movements, every click, misspelled word, page view
and more
Zuboff, 2015 p. 79
19. Johnny Ryan/Brave: Complaint to UK ICO & Ireland DPC
September 2018 https://brave.com/adtech-data-breach-complaint
19
20. Extensive ‘leakage’ of children’s data
5855 apps for kids Google Play
73% “transmitted sensitive information over the Internet”
(Reyes et al., 2018)
23. States should “adopt laws
that prevent companies
from using insidious
marketing strategies”
UN Special Rapporteur on the right of
everyone to the enjoyment of the
highest attainable standard of physical
and mental health 2014
WHO Set of Recommendations
on the marketing of food and on-
alcoholic beverages to children
2010
WHO Ending Childhood Obesity
(ECHO) Commission Report
2016
24. 24
WHO update
October 2018
• State-, not self-regulation
• Comprehensive approach
• Marketing = all commercial promotion, not just
broadcast advertising
• Protect all children, not just under-12s
• Avoid ‘child proportion of audience’ measures
• Avoid excessive focus on ‘targeted at’
• Address brand equity and licensed characters
• Address brand marketing
• Adopt effective Nutrient Profiling systems
• Effective monitoring essential
25. 25
UK
• DHSC consultation: expected this year (Obesity ‘Chapter 2’ summer 2018)
• Obesity Health Alliance consulting with stakeholders
• Broadcast: 9pm watershed seems likely
• Digital: ICO currently working on Age Appropriate Design Guide (mandated by Data Protection Act)
• Draft Code will go out for commentary
Republic of Ireland
• Oireachtas Children’s Committee heard evidence spring/summer 2018
• Broadcast: Indications are BAI will review option of 9pm watershed
• Louth County Council has requested this - others could follow!
• Digital: Data Protection Act Section 30…? Yet to be commenced
• IHF #stoptargetingkids https://irishheart.ie/campaigns/stop-targeting-kids/sign-the-petition/
CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES for ACTION