This document summarizes international statistics sources and classifications. It describes several key international organizations that compile statistics on topics like population, health, agriculture and economics for countries worldwide. These include the UN, IMF, OECD, WHO and FAO. It also outlines changes in international boundaries and country classifications over time due to events like the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.
This document provides a PESTLE analysis of the social and economic situation in Romania. It analyzes factors such as the country's unstable political environment, high public debt levels, aging population, poverty levels, rural development challenges, and brain drain occurring in the healthcare system. Key economic indicators from 2008-2012 show declining GDP, rising public debt, lower foreign investment and remittances from abroad. Socially, half the population is at risk of poverty and inequality exists between rural and urban areas.
This document summarizes and critiques the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) of the European Union. The SGP was created in 1997 to enforce fiscal discipline among EU member states and support the European Central Bank's monetary policy goals. However, the document discusses several economists who argue the SGP is flawed and fails to consider economic differences between members. It proposes an alternative pact focused on full employment and growth over the ECB's narrow price stability objective. The alternative would involve stronger EU institutions and fiscal policy coordination to better support the needs of the monetary union.
The document discusses OECD forecasts during and after the financial crisis. It finds that:
1) Forecasts significantly overestimated growth during the crisis and recovery, missing the severity of the downturn.
2) Forecast errors were largest in vulnerable Eurozone countries and those with lower bank capital and more open economies.
3) The intensification of the Eurozone crisis was a major source of growth forecast errors.
4) Lessons from forecast errors highlight the need to better account for financial factors, global linkages, risks, and avoid "groupthink".
The Big IF... Stress-testing BREXIT with combined performance and risk analyticsStatPro Group
EU referendum. UK votes to leave or remain. How large asset management firms need to prepare for a possible Brexit with combined performance and risk analytics.
1) Japan has faced sluggish economic growth and declining potential growth over the past decades, which has left living standards below many other OECD countries. Public debt has risen to 226% of GDP while the population is shrinking.
2) Structural reforms are needed to boost growth, including increasing female labor participation, international trade engagement, private R&D investment, and improving productivity in services. Reforms are also required to reduce debt through fiscal consolidation and control of social spending.
3) Key policy recommendations include implementing Abenomics, reducing debt as the top priority, continuing monetary easing, boosting potential growth through structural reforms, and improving social programs through better targeting.
Twenty years of euro history confirms the euro’s stability and position as the second global currency. It also enjoys the support of majority of the euro area population and is seen as a good thing for the European Union. The European Central Bank has been successful in keeping inflation at a low level. However, the European debt and financial crisis in the 2010s created a need for deep institutional reform and this task remains unfinished.
1. The document discusses the impact of the debt crisis in European countries that use the euro. It led to higher growth initially but also rising current account imbalances.
2. Two potential solutions are discussed: further integrating policies and governments in the EU, and reducing peripheral debt through tools like Eurobonds or other mechanisms.
3. The methodology section outlines that the research will use both primary and secondary data sources to examine the issues and develop understanding of the impacts in different eurozone countries. A deductive or inductive approach may be taken.
This document provides a PESTLE analysis of the social and economic situation in Romania. It analyzes factors such as the country's unstable political environment, high public debt levels, aging population, poverty levels, rural development challenges, and brain drain occurring in the healthcare system. Key economic indicators from 2008-2012 show declining GDP, rising public debt, lower foreign investment and remittances from abroad. Socially, half the population is at risk of poverty and inequality exists between rural and urban areas.
This document summarizes and critiques the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) of the European Union. The SGP was created in 1997 to enforce fiscal discipline among EU member states and support the European Central Bank's monetary policy goals. However, the document discusses several economists who argue the SGP is flawed and fails to consider economic differences between members. It proposes an alternative pact focused on full employment and growth over the ECB's narrow price stability objective. The alternative would involve stronger EU institutions and fiscal policy coordination to better support the needs of the monetary union.
The document discusses OECD forecasts during and after the financial crisis. It finds that:
1) Forecasts significantly overestimated growth during the crisis and recovery, missing the severity of the downturn.
2) Forecast errors were largest in vulnerable Eurozone countries and those with lower bank capital and more open economies.
3) The intensification of the Eurozone crisis was a major source of growth forecast errors.
4) Lessons from forecast errors highlight the need to better account for financial factors, global linkages, risks, and avoid "groupthink".
The Big IF... Stress-testing BREXIT with combined performance and risk analyticsStatPro Group
EU referendum. UK votes to leave or remain. How large asset management firms need to prepare for a possible Brexit with combined performance and risk analytics.
1) Japan has faced sluggish economic growth and declining potential growth over the past decades, which has left living standards below many other OECD countries. Public debt has risen to 226% of GDP while the population is shrinking.
2) Structural reforms are needed to boost growth, including increasing female labor participation, international trade engagement, private R&D investment, and improving productivity in services. Reforms are also required to reduce debt through fiscal consolidation and control of social spending.
3) Key policy recommendations include implementing Abenomics, reducing debt as the top priority, continuing monetary easing, boosting potential growth through structural reforms, and improving social programs through better targeting.
Twenty years of euro history confirms the euro’s stability and position as the second global currency. It also enjoys the support of majority of the euro area population and is seen as a good thing for the European Union. The European Central Bank has been successful in keeping inflation at a low level. However, the European debt and financial crisis in the 2010s created a need for deep institutional reform and this task remains unfinished.
1. The document discusses the impact of the debt crisis in European countries that use the euro. It led to higher growth initially but also rising current account imbalances.
2. Two potential solutions are discussed: further integrating policies and governments in the EU, and reducing peripheral debt through tools like Eurobonds or other mechanisms.
3. The methodology section outlines that the research will use both primary and secondary data sources to examine the issues and develop understanding of the impacts in different eurozone countries. A deductive or inductive approach may be taken.
- Real average wage growth globally has remained far below pre-crisis levels and turned negative in developed economies, although it remained significant in emerging economies.
- There are major geographic differences in wage growth trends, with wages suffering double-dips in developed economies but remaining positive in Latin America and Asia.
- A smaller share of national income is going to workers as falling labour shares have resulted in a gap between increasing productivity and stagnant wages, hurting household consumption and demand.
Crisis in European Union- Greece in CrisisErhan Sozen
The document discusses the financial crisis in the European Union and its effects on Greece. It first provides background on how the 2008 US financial crisis spread globally and impacted EU countries, resulting in budget deficits and increased government debt across EU nations. Greece was particularly hard hit, with its debt-to-GDP ratio skyrocketing from 103% to 160% between 2001-2012. High unemployment, which increased from 10% to 27% over the same period, has also hurt Greece. The document concludes that Greece's economy will continue to contract in 2013, though growth is forecasted to return in 2014 if fiscal consolidation and labor reforms are effective.
1. Serbia's economy entered a recession in 2012, contracting 1.7% as industrial output declined, unemployment remained high at 22.4%, and the current account deficit increased.
2. Fiscal performance deteriorated as the budget deficit rose to an estimated 6.6% of GDP and public debt increased to 61% of GDP.
3. Challenges for Serbia include high non-performing loans in the banking sector due to economic weakness, implementing reforms to improve fiscal discipline and the social assistance system, and transitioning to new performance-based payment systems in the health sector to improve efficiency.
1) If the EU did not exist, European countries would face greater economic instability without the euro as a common currency. There would be more volatility in exchange rates and prices, exacerbating the crisis in weaker economies.
2) Without EU coordination of responses, countries would be less willing to help troubled banks and firms for fear of revealing weaknesses. This could prolong and deepen the crisis.
3) A lack of cooperation could also increase protectionism as countries act solely in their own interests rather than working together.
The document summarizes an OECD report which finds that global economic growth remains weak due to low trade, investment, and commodity prices. While monetary policy has been accommodative, fiscal policy in major economies has been contractionary and the pace of structural reforms is insufficient. Collective fiscal action and faster structural reforms are needed to boost global demand and reduce financial stability risks from emerging markets' high debt loads and volatile capital flows.
This document summarizes the European Union's Regional Strategy for Asia from 2007-2013 and its Multi-Annual Programme for Asia from 2011-2013. The strategy aims to reduce poverty through economic growth, trade integration, governance reform, and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It allocates €321 million across three intervention areas: regional integration support, policy and knowledge cooperation on issues like the environment, and support for displaced people in Asia. The strategy was reviewed in 2010 and found to still be relevant, though some activities were adapted in response to developments in the region.
The document discusses the financial crisis and its impact on the European Union. It provides an overview of the EU and describes how the crisis started with uncertainty among banks. The crisis led to negative GDP growth, rising unemployment, widening fiscal deficits, and increasing public debt and sovereign risk spreads across EU countries. In response, the EU implemented short-term recovery plans like the EFSF and EFSM as well as ECB interventions. Long-term solutions proposed include a common fiscal policy, European Stability Mechanism, and addressing slow economic growth.
This document provides an economic overview and outlook for the United States in Q2 2012. It discusses the country's GDP growth estimates of 2.1% for 2012 and 2.4% for 2013, high debt levels, and unemployment above 8%. The housing market is showing signs of stabilization with home sales up 7% in 2012. The energy sector is becoming more self-sufficient due to increased natural gas production and projected reductions in Middle East oil reliance by 2020. Looming issues include the "Fiscal Cliff" at the end of 2012 and greater financial regulation under Dodd-Frank.
The dutch economy in 2013 outlooks, problems and solutionsPeterMachielse
The document discusses the Dutch economy in 2013, including outlooks from various organizations, current problems, and solutions. Major institutions like the CPB and DNB predict modest economic growth of 0.75% or a contraction of -0.6%. However, the Dutch economy faces issues like high public debt from the financial crisis, declining consumption from government spending cuts, and vulnerabilities from its reliance on exports. Solutions proposed include fiscal restraint, flexibility in the labor market, and investing in emerging markets to boost exports.
The IMF staff report discusses Albania's 2010 Article IV consultation. It notes that Albania entered the global crisis in a relatively strong position due to macroeconomic stability, structural reforms, and policy buffers like low debt and high reserves. However, these policy buffers are now depleted. While the economy is recovering from the crisis, downside risks remain from high public debt and regional uncertainties. The report recommends rebuilding fiscal space through consolidation, conducting prudent monetary policy, and improving competitiveness to support sustainable growth.
The document discusses the 2010 European Economic Crisis, focusing on the issues facing key Eurozone countries like Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland. It analyzes the debt problems and economic troubles in these countries, which threatened the stability of the euro currency. The crisis required international bailouts for struggling nations and raised debates around further European economic integration or allowing countries to leave the Eurozone.
Government expenditure is a very instrumental demand tool in achieving economic stability and policy makers frequently use it to influence certain economic outcomes. Government expenditure majorly consists of two components: investment and consumption components. Many researchers concede that higher level of government consumption expenditure is growth retarding and therefore undesirable. The aim of this paper was to establish the economic determinants of government consumption expenditure in Kenya. The results showed that in the long-run, while 1USD increase in GDP causes USD1.3 increase in government consumption expenditure, a unit increase in inflation rate would cause USD1.8 increase in consumption expenditure. However, 1USD increase in foreign direct investment and external debt stock causes, respectively, USD 0.07 and USD 2.6 drop in government consumption expenditure. Corruption, democracy and political instability have positive effects on government consumption expenditure in Kenya. Urbanization and population dynamics jointly affect the variable in the short-run. This paper recommends that the government should strengthen its institutions that are mandated to deal with graft cases, create peaceful political setting at all times and ensure a friendly environment to foreign investors.
International Portfolio management through Stocktrak (US and foreign stocks, US and foreign bonds, futures, options, foreign-exchange-exposure hedging strategies)
Fiscally sound social inclusion: what, if any, lesson may EMU learn from the ...ADEMU_Project
The document summarizes Brazil's experience with fiscal rules and centralization over the past century, and discusses lessons that may be applicable to the European Monetary Union. Key points:
- Brazil has experimented with various degrees of fiscal centralization vs federalism over the decades, seeking the right balance of governability and representation.
- Recent fiscal rules like the 2000 Fiscal Responsibility Law helped rein in subnational debt and inflation, improving credibility. However, unexpected oil wealth and the global crisis relaxed constraints.
- The current administration expanded social spending and allowed new subnational debt, weakening fiscal discipline. Impeachment raised expectations of a return to responsible fiscal policies and stability.
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013Daniel Dufourt
ONU - World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the five United Nations regional commissions
(Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for
Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)).
ONU, 2013, 207 pages
The United States has the largest and most technologically advanced economy in the world. Private businesses and individuals make most economic decisions, while the government provides stimulus when needed. While US firms are global leaders in many industries, income inequality has increased and long-term problems include stagnating wages, aging infrastructure, and large budget and trade deficits.
Statistical annex
Country classifications
Data sources, country classifications
and aggregation methodology
The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and
Prospects (WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy.
Data sources
The annex was prepared by the Economic Analysis and Policy Division (EAPD) of the De-
partment of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA). It
is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division
of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and na-
tional and private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by EAPD in
consultation with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in
Project LINK, an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling
coordinated jointly by EAPD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2019 and 2020
are primarily based on the World Economic Forecasting Model of EAPD, with support
from Project LINK.
Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for
a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation
methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of
updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.
Country classifications
For analytical purposes, WESP classifies all countries of the world into one of three broad
categories: developed economies, economies in transition and developing economies. The
composition of these groupings, specified in tables A, B and C, is intended to reflect basic
economic country conditions. Several countries (in particular the economies in transition)
have characteristics that could place them in more than one category; however, for purposes
of analysis, the groupings have been made mutually exclusive. Within each broad category,
some subgroups are defined based either on geographical location or on ad hoc criteria, such
as the subgroup of “major developed economies”, which is based on the membership of the
Group of Seven. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East
Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.1
1 Names and composition of geographical areas follow those specified in the statistical paper entitled
“Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev). Available from
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/Series_M49_Rev4(1999)_en.pdf.
168 World Economic Situation and Prospects 2019
In parts of the analysis, a distinction is made between fuel export.
Country classificationData sources, country classification.docxvoversbyobersby
Country classification
Data sources, country classifications and aggregation
methodology
The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and Prospects
(WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy.
Data sources
The annex was prepared by the Development Policy and Analysis Division (DPAD) of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA).
It is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division
of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United Na-
tions Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World Tour-
ism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank,
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and national and
private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by DPAD in consultation
with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in Project LINK,
an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling coordinated jointly
by DPAD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2014 and 2015 are primarily based
on the World Economic Forecasting Model of DPAD, with support from Project LINK.
Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for
a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation
methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of
updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.
Country classifications
For analytical purposes, WESP classifies all countries of the world into one of three broad
categories: developed economies, economies in transition and developing economies. The
composition of these groupings, specified in tables A, B and C, is intended to reflect basic
economic country conditions. Several countries (in particular the economies in transition)
have characteristics that could place them in more than one category; however, for purposes
of analysis, the groupings have been made mutually exclusive. Within each broad category,
some subgroups are defined based either on geographical location or on ad hoc criteria, such
as the subgroup of “major developed economies”, which is based on the membership of the
Group of Seven. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East
Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.1
1 Names and composition of geographical areas follow those specified in the statistical paper entitled
“Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev. 4).
144 World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014
In parts of the analysis, a distinction is made between fuel exporters and fuel
importers from among the economies in transition and the developing countries. An
economy is classi.
The Least Developed Countries Report 2011 puts forward a policy framework for enhancing the development impact of South–South cooperation, and proposes ways to leverage South–South financial cooperation for development in the LDCs.
This document provides an introduction to a publication summarizing the results of a survey of practices for estimating non-observed economic activities (NOE) in national accounts across 43 countries. The survey aimed to update previous inventories, increase country coverage, and allow for comparison of estimation methods and difficulties. Countries provided estimates of NOE's size in GDP and details on estimation methods. The goals were to present practices at different development stages, enable comparison of approaches, and serve as a reference for comprehensive GDP estimates.
- Real average wage growth globally has remained far below pre-crisis levels and turned negative in developed economies, although it remained significant in emerging economies.
- There are major geographic differences in wage growth trends, with wages suffering double-dips in developed economies but remaining positive in Latin America and Asia.
- A smaller share of national income is going to workers as falling labour shares have resulted in a gap between increasing productivity and stagnant wages, hurting household consumption and demand.
Crisis in European Union- Greece in CrisisErhan Sozen
The document discusses the financial crisis in the European Union and its effects on Greece. It first provides background on how the 2008 US financial crisis spread globally and impacted EU countries, resulting in budget deficits and increased government debt across EU nations. Greece was particularly hard hit, with its debt-to-GDP ratio skyrocketing from 103% to 160% between 2001-2012. High unemployment, which increased from 10% to 27% over the same period, has also hurt Greece. The document concludes that Greece's economy will continue to contract in 2013, though growth is forecasted to return in 2014 if fiscal consolidation and labor reforms are effective.
1. Serbia's economy entered a recession in 2012, contracting 1.7% as industrial output declined, unemployment remained high at 22.4%, and the current account deficit increased.
2. Fiscal performance deteriorated as the budget deficit rose to an estimated 6.6% of GDP and public debt increased to 61% of GDP.
3. Challenges for Serbia include high non-performing loans in the banking sector due to economic weakness, implementing reforms to improve fiscal discipline and the social assistance system, and transitioning to new performance-based payment systems in the health sector to improve efficiency.
1) If the EU did not exist, European countries would face greater economic instability without the euro as a common currency. There would be more volatility in exchange rates and prices, exacerbating the crisis in weaker economies.
2) Without EU coordination of responses, countries would be less willing to help troubled banks and firms for fear of revealing weaknesses. This could prolong and deepen the crisis.
3) A lack of cooperation could also increase protectionism as countries act solely in their own interests rather than working together.
The document summarizes an OECD report which finds that global economic growth remains weak due to low trade, investment, and commodity prices. While monetary policy has been accommodative, fiscal policy in major economies has been contractionary and the pace of structural reforms is insufficient. Collective fiscal action and faster structural reforms are needed to boost global demand and reduce financial stability risks from emerging markets' high debt loads and volatile capital flows.
This document summarizes the European Union's Regional Strategy for Asia from 2007-2013 and its Multi-Annual Programme for Asia from 2011-2013. The strategy aims to reduce poverty through economic growth, trade integration, governance reform, and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It allocates €321 million across three intervention areas: regional integration support, policy and knowledge cooperation on issues like the environment, and support for displaced people in Asia. The strategy was reviewed in 2010 and found to still be relevant, though some activities were adapted in response to developments in the region.
The document discusses the financial crisis and its impact on the European Union. It provides an overview of the EU and describes how the crisis started with uncertainty among banks. The crisis led to negative GDP growth, rising unemployment, widening fiscal deficits, and increasing public debt and sovereign risk spreads across EU countries. In response, the EU implemented short-term recovery plans like the EFSF and EFSM as well as ECB interventions. Long-term solutions proposed include a common fiscal policy, European Stability Mechanism, and addressing slow economic growth.
This document provides an economic overview and outlook for the United States in Q2 2012. It discusses the country's GDP growth estimates of 2.1% for 2012 and 2.4% for 2013, high debt levels, and unemployment above 8%. The housing market is showing signs of stabilization with home sales up 7% in 2012. The energy sector is becoming more self-sufficient due to increased natural gas production and projected reductions in Middle East oil reliance by 2020. Looming issues include the "Fiscal Cliff" at the end of 2012 and greater financial regulation under Dodd-Frank.
The dutch economy in 2013 outlooks, problems and solutionsPeterMachielse
The document discusses the Dutch economy in 2013, including outlooks from various organizations, current problems, and solutions. Major institutions like the CPB and DNB predict modest economic growth of 0.75% or a contraction of -0.6%. However, the Dutch economy faces issues like high public debt from the financial crisis, declining consumption from government spending cuts, and vulnerabilities from its reliance on exports. Solutions proposed include fiscal restraint, flexibility in the labor market, and investing in emerging markets to boost exports.
The IMF staff report discusses Albania's 2010 Article IV consultation. It notes that Albania entered the global crisis in a relatively strong position due to macroeconomic stability, structural reforms, and policy buffers like low debt and high reserves. However, these policy buffers are now depleted. While the economy is recovering from the crisis, downside risks remain from high public debt and regional uncertainties. The report recommends rebuilding fiscal space through consolidation, conducting prudent monetary policy, and improving competitiveness to support sustainable growth.
The document discusses the 2010 European Economic Crisis, focusing on the issues facing key Eurozone countries like Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland. It analyzes the debt problems and economic troubles in these countries, which threatened the stability of the euro currency. The crisis required international bailouts for struggling nations and raised debates around further European economic integration or allowing countries to leave the Eurozone.
Government expenditure is a very instrumental demand tool in achieving economic stability and policy makers frequently use it to influence certain economic outcomes. Government expenditure majorly consists of two components: investment and consumption components. Many researchers concede that higher level of government consumption expenditure is growth retarding and therefore undesirable. The aim of this paper was to establish the economic determinants of government consumption expenditure in Kenya. The results showed that in the long-run, while 1USD increase in GDP causes USD1.3 increase in government consumption expenditure, a unit increase in inflation rate would cause USD1.8 increase in consumption expenditure. However, 1USD increase in foreign direct investment and external debt stock causes, respectively, USD 0.07 and USD 2.6 drop in government consumption expenditure. Corruption, democracy and political instability have positive effects on government consumption expenditure in Kenya. Urbanization and population dynamics jointly affect the variable in the short-run. This paper recommends that the government should strengthen its institutions that are mandated to deal with graft cases, create peaceful political setting at all times and ensure a friendly environment to foreign investors.
International Portfolio management through Stocktrak (US and foreign stocks, US and foreign bonds, futures, options, foreign-exchange-exposure hedging strategies)
Fiscally sound social inclusion: what, if any, lesson may EMU learn from the ...ADEMU_Project
The document summarizes Brazil's experience with fiscal rules and centralization over the past century, and discusses lessons that may be applicable to the European Monetary Union. Key points:
- Brazil has experimented with various degrees of fiscal centralization vs federalism over the decades, seeking the right balance of governability and representation.
- Recent fiscal rules like the 2000 Fiscal Responsibility Law helped rein in subnational debt and inflation, improving credibility. However, unexpected oil wealth and the global crisis relaxed constraints.
- The current administration expanded social spending and allowed new subnational debt, weakening fiscal discipline. Impeachment raised expectations of a return to responsible fiscal policies and stability.
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013Daniel Dufourt
ONU - World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the five United Nations regional commissions
(Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for
Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)).
ONU, 2013, 207 pages
The United States has the largest and most technologically advanced economy in the world. Private businesses and individuals make most economic decisions, while the government provides stimulus when needed. While US firms are global leaders in many industries, income inequality has increased and long-term problems include stagnating wages, aging infrastructure, and large budget and trade deficits.
Statistical annex
Country classifications
Data sources, country classifications
and aggregation methodology
The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and
Prospects (WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy.
Data sources
The annex was prepared by the Economic Analysis and Policy Division (EAPD) of the De-
partment of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA). It
is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division
of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and na-
tional and private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by EAPD in
consultation with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in
Project LINK, an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling
coordinated jointly by EAPD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2019 and 2020
are primarily based on the World Economic Forecasting Model of EAPD, with support
from Project LINK.
Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for
a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation
methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of
updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.
Country classifications
For analytical purposes, WESP classifies all countries of the world into one of three broad
categories: developed economies, economies in transition and developing economies. The
composition of these groupings, specified in tables A, B and C, is intended to reflect basic
economic country conditions. Several countries (in particular the economies in transition)
have characteristics that could place them in more than one category; however, for purposes
of analysis, the groupings have been made mutually exclusive. Within each broad category,
some subgroups are defined based either on geographical location or on ad hoc criteria, such
as the subgroup of “major developed economies”, which is based on the membership of the
Group of Seven. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East
Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.1
1 Names and composition of geographical areas follow those specified in the statistical paper entitled
“Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev). Available from
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/Series_M49_Rev4(1999)_en.pdf.
168 World Economic Situation and Prospects 2019
In parts of the analysis, a distinction is made between fuel export.
Country classificationData sources, country classification.docxvoversbyobersby
Country classification
Data sources, country classifications and aggregation
methodology
The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and Prospects
(WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy.
Data sources
The annex was prepared by the Development Policy and Analysis Division (DPAD) of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA).
It is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division
of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United Na-
tions Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World Tour-
ism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank,
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and national and
private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by DPAD in consultation
with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in Project LINK,
an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling coordinated jointly
by DPAD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2014 and 2015 are primarily based
on the World Economic Forecasting Model of DPAD, with support from Project LINK.
Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for
a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation
methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of
updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.
Country classifications
For analytical purposes, WESP classifies all countries of the world into one of three broad
categories: developed economies, economies in transition and developing economies. The
composition of these groupings, specified in tables A, B and C, is intended to reflect basic
economic country conditions. Several countries (in particular the economies in transition)
have characteristics that could place them in more than one category; however, for purposes
of analysis, the groupings have been made mutually exclusive. Within each broad category,
some subgroups are defined based either on geographical location or on ad hoc criteria, such
as the subgroup of “major developed economies”, which is based on the membership of the
Group of Seven. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East
Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.1
1 Names and composition of geographical areas follow those specified in the statistical paper entitled
“Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev. 4).
144 World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014
In parts of the analysis, a distinction is made between fuel exporters and fuel
importers from among the economies in transition and the developing countries. An
economy is classi.
The Least Developed Countries Report 2011 puts forward a policy framework for enhancing the development impact of South–South cooperation, and proposes ways to leverage South–South financial cooperation for development in the LDCs.
This document provides an introduction to a publication summarizing the results of a survey of practices for estimating non-observed economic activities (NOE) in national accounts across 43 countries. The survey aimed to update previous inventories, increase country coverage, and allow for comparison of estimation methods and difficulties. Countries provided estimates of NOE's size in GDP and details on estimation methods. The goals were to present practices at different development stages, enable comparison of approaches, and serve as a reference for comprehensive GDP estimates.
Impact of Economic Development of the Czech Republic in the Years 2005-2012 ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes key findings from the first wave of the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) regarding household finances in 15 euro area countries. Some key points:
- Households own their main residence, deposits, and private pensions most commonly, while ownership of other assets varies substantially across countries. Real estate makes up most of household assets.
- Over half of households have no debt, but mortgage and non-mortgage debt prevalence differs across countries. Median mortgage debt exceeds median non-mortgage debt.
- Median net wealth of euro area households is €109,200, but there is wide cross-country variation. Wealth is concentrated among older households while younger households tend
Economic and policy implications of greater global integration OECD Economic ...OECD, Economics Department
The document discusses how economic integration has increased globally since the 1990s through greater trade, financial, and supply chain links. While this has boosted living standards, it has also amplified the transmission of external shocks across borders. As a result, domestic policies need to take more account of external factors, and collective, multilateral policy responses are important to address common challenges and mitigate spillover risks from external shocks. Strengthening domestic resilience and maintaining open, rules-based international cooperation are also key to managing the implications of deepening global integration.
- Brexit could reduce UK GDP by between 2.7-7.7% by 2020 and up to 5.1% by 2030 according to OECD estimates, representing an economic cost of between £1500-5000 per household.
- The UK economy benefits substantially from EU membership and trade, with UK exports of goods and services to the EU representing over 10% of GDP. Leaving the EU could disrupt these trade and investment relationships.
- Immigration from the EU has increased in recent years and played an important role in UK employment and GDP growth, while EU immigrants contribute positively to public finances. Brexit could reduce these immigration flows with economic consequences.
Effect of Euro on Income_Econometric PaperPatrick Hess
The document analyzes the economic impact of adopting the euro as a common currency on average income levels. Using panel data from 16 European countries from 1985-2005, the study finds that adopting the euro has had a statistically significant negative effect on average income. Specifically, the analysis shows that average income was $635 lower per year for countries that adopted the euro. Additionally, the negative impact was largest one year after adoption, with income $743-$1,006 lower. The study also finds the negative effect was greater for highly urbanized eurozone countries, possibly due to increased dependence on exporting outside the eurozone.
UN World Economic Situation and Prospects 2014asafeiran
This document summarizes the 2014 World Economic Situation and Prospects report produced by several United Nations organizations. It finds that:
1) Global economic growth was subdued at 2.1% in 2013 but is expected to improve to 3.0% in 2014 and 3.3% in 2015, led by recoveries in Europe and the US.
2) Inflation remains low worldwide while unemployment, particularly among youth, remains high in many countries.
3) World trade growth weakened to 2.3% in 2013 but is projected to rise to 4.6% in 2014 and 5.1% in 2015 as demand increases. Commodity prices are expected to remain stable.
4)
By using the data (up to the year 2019) your textbook, LIRN-based re.docxdewhirstichabod
By using the data (up to the year 2019) your textbook, LIRN-based research,
a general reference list in international Economics
, such as:
Specialized Journals (p.12); General Journals (p.13); Sources of International Data (p.13); General Current information p.14) and the Internet Sources (p. 14
), for Euro zone countries (excluding Malta and Cyprus) discuss the impact of the following factors in bringing about the Euro crisis:
1- Budget deficits and national debt
2- Balance of payments
3- Social expenditures
Using graphs compare the above factors for the countries in trouble, PIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) vs. other countries in the Euro zone like Germany and France that fared well and contrast which of the above factors may have contributed to the crisis.
The fact that all these countries were using a single currency and did not have the power to devalue their own currency could be another factor you need to consider when analyzing this issue.
Provide your explanations and definitions in detail and be precise, Provide references for content when necessary. Support your statements with peer-reviewed in-text citation(s) and reference(s).
.
Economic integration, within- and between-country inequality in EuropeEesti Pank
This document summarizes a paper analyzing trends in overall, within-country, and between-country inequality in Europe from 1960-2017. It finds that:
1) Overall, within-country, and between-country inequality in Europe have generally increased since the 1970s-1980s, though the timing and magnitude of changes have varied between countries.
2) Major economic and institutional events like the introduction of the Euro were accompanied by shifts between the within- and between-country components of inequality, but did not significantly alter overall inequality trends.
3) Inequality trends tend to be persistent over time, suggesting targeted policy measures are needed at national and EU levels to address the social impacts of rising inequality.
This document provides an overview of the financial system of the enlarged European Union (EU) with 25 member states. It describes the development of financial systems in EU countries since 1995 and compares structures between old and new member states. Key differences are documented between new and old members, with new members generally having less developed financial systems. The document also briefly compares EU financial structures to those of the US and Japan.
The report focuses on the social and economic wellbeing of older persons and documents the demographics of older age; their economic status and participation in the labour force; the health of older persons; and the societal perceptions and social integration of older persons. On each of these topics, the report attempts to account for the diversity of situations of older persons in society and across the world. It also attempts to capture the changing reality and perceptions of old age as well old persons’ own views.
The report is based on recent research and empirical data from various sources available to the United Nations Secretariat, and includes a range of up-to-date figures and tables to highlight various trends in ageing.
Crisis and Trust in National and European Union institutions – Panel evidence...Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation by Felix Roth at the OECD Workshop on “Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy” on 14 October 2013. Dr. Roth discusses the consequences of citizens declining trust and the driving factors of declining trust in Europe. He also provides an econometric analysis of trust and unemployment.
The document discusses the Eurozone crisis, including:
1) It provides background on the European Union, Eurozone, and what led to the crisis, including countries exceeding borrowing limits.
2) The crisis resulted in Greece defaulting on debts and huge sovereign debt levels across Eurozone countries, recessionary conditions.
3) Proposed solutions include providing liquidity, closer fiscal cooperation, and forming a new Italian government to address issues. Experts argue the ECB could help by lending to banks. The G20 is urged to help manage the crisis.
The euro was adopted on January 1, 1999 by 12 of the 15 member states of the European Union as a single unified currency to replace individual national currencies like the French franc and German mark. On January 1, 2002, euro banknotes and coins were introduced and citizens exchanged their legacy currencies for euros, with the goals of creating a more stable economy, improving economic growth, and further integrating European financial markets and politics. While the euro has brought some economic benefits, issues around differing economic performance among countries and inability to independently adjust interest rates remain challenges.
Similar to Dr Dev Kambhampati | CENSUS- International Statistics- Population, Demographics, Births, Deaths etc. (20)
This document summarizes the history and current state of China's economic rise over the past 40 years since implementing market reforms in 1979. It describes how China has transitioned from a poor, centrally planned economy to become the world's largest economy based on purchasing power parity. However, China still faces major economic challenges including transitioning to a free market system, rebalancing its economy away from exports and investment towards domestic consumption, reducing debt and overcapacity, and addressing environmental and corruption issues. The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has significant implications for the US and is an important issue for Congress.
Specialty drugs are one of the fastest growing areas of health care spending in the United States. There is no single definition but they are generally expensive drugs that treat complex conditions like cancer and hepatitis C and often require special administration. Spending on specialty drugs increased 26.5% in 2014 and they now account for about one-third of total US prescription drug spending. This growth raises issues for private insurers and government programs who are trying to control costs while still providing access to important treatments. Insurers use strategies like higher copays, prior authorization requirements, and limiting coverage to the sickest patients to manage specialty drug utilization.
The document summarizes the process by which the FDA approves new drugs for use and regulates drugs post-approval. It discusses how drugs are tested in clinical trials through an investigational new drug application and new drug application. It then outlines the FDA's role in reviewing applications and ensuring safety and effectiveness. Finally, it describes the FDA's ongoing role in regulating approved drugs, including product quality, labeling, adverse event reporting, and risk management. The House passed legislation that would reauthorize FDA drug user fee programs and make changes to the drug approval process.
The document summarizes FDA regulation of medical devices in the United States. It discusses that many medical devices must undergo premarket review by the FDA to be legally marketed. Devices are classified based on risk, and moderate and high-risk devices must receive FDA clearance or approval prior to marketing, usually via the 510(k) or premarket approval (PMA) processes. Concerns have been raised about FDA's device review processes and oversight of marketed devices based on reports of device problems causing injuries.
This document provides an overview of frequently asked questions about prescription drug pricing and policy in the United States. It discusses key topics such as how much the US spends on prescription drugs annually, factors contributing to increases in drug spending, the role of government programs in drug coverage, and policies around pharmaceutical research and marketing. The document contains data on US drug spending trends, the share of spending from different sources, international comparisons, and the impact of publicly funded research. It aims to give Congress a broad understanding of issues related to prescription drug costs and availability.
This document provides an overview of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) projects in the United States. It summarizes three large CCS power plants: the Petra Nova plant in Texas, which began operations in 2017 and captures 1.4-1.6 million tons of CO2 annually; the Kemper County plant in Mississippi, which suspended its CCS operations in 2017 due to cost overruns and delays; and the Boundary Dam plant in Canada, which captures around 1 million tons of CO2 annually. It also discusses legislation and funding for CCS, and provides a primer on the CCS process.
The document provides an overview of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and the ongoing debate over whether to allow energy development in the refuge. It discusses the history and establishment of ANWR, the potential energy resources within the refuge including oil and natural gas, the biological resources and native interests, and the options for both protecting and developing the refuge. Key points of contention have been over whether to allow drilling in the 1.57 million acre Coastal Plain area, which supporters view as promising for oil but others want to protect for its wildlife and subsistence values.
NIST Guide- Situational Awareness for Electric UtilitiesDr Dev Kambhampati
This document is a draft of a NIST special publication providing guidance on situational awareness solutions for electric utilities. It includes an executive summary, approach, architecture, and security characteristics for implementing situational awareness. The publication describes a NCCoE project that developed an example solution to converge monitoring across IT, operational technology, and physical access systems in order to improve utilities' ability to detect cyberattacks and security incidents. The solution is presented as a modular guide to help utilities implement standards-based technologies in a risk-based manner to gain efficiencies in monitoring, identification, and response to cyber incidents.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Cybersecurity Guide for UtilitiesDr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides guidance for small and under-resourced utilities to improve cybersecurity, reliability, and resilience. It finds that existing guidance documents are not always scalable to small utilities due to challenges like limited resources, staff expertise, and information sharing. It recommends tailoring approaches to individual utility contexts by starting simply and growing programs over time. The document also proposes several forms of federal and mutual assistance to support improvement efforts.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | USA Cybersecurity R&D Strategic PlanDr Dev Kambhampati
This document presents the Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan, which was developed in response to a requirement in the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014. The plan outlines the US government's strategic approach to guide Federal investments in cybersecurity research over the next 5 years, with the goals of deterring cyber attacks, protecting systems and data, detecting threats, and helping systems adapt. It emphasizes critical areas like the scientific foundations of security, risk management, human aspects, workforce development and transitioning research into practice. The plan aims to establish a position of assurance, strength and trust in cyber systems through advances in cybersecurity science and engineering.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | USA Artificial Intelligence (AI) R&D Strategic PlanDr Dev Kambhampati
This document establishes a strategic plan for federally-funded artificial intelligence (AI) research and development in the United States. It identifies seven priority strategies for AI R&D investments: 1) making long-term investments in basic AI research, 2) developing methods for human-AI collaboration, 3) understanding ethical and societal implications of AI, 4) ensuring safety and security of AI systems, 5) developing shared public datasets for AI training, 6) establishing standards and benchmarks for measuring AI, and 7) understanding national workforce needs for AI R&D. The plan aims to advance national priorities through AI while minimizing potential negative impacts.
This document presents the Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan, which outlines seven strategies to guide federal agencies in developing and expanding mission-driven Big Data programs and investments. The strategies address: 1) leveraging emerging Big Data technologies and techniques, 2) exploring trustworthiness of data and knowledge, 3) building research cyberinfrastructure, 4) promoting data sharing and management policies, 5) understanding privacy, security and ethics regarding Big Data, 6) improving national Big Data education and training, and 7) enhancing cross-sector collaboration in the Big Data innovation ecosystem. The overarching goal is to maximize the benefits of Big Data for scientific discovery, research, and informed decision-making.
DARPA has had some success transitioning technologies since 2010, but inconsistently defines and assesses transitions. GAO's analysis identified four key factors for successful transition: military/commercial demand for the technology, sustained DARPA interest in the research area, technology maturity, and partnerships. However, DARPA prioritizes innovation over transition and provides limited transition training and assessment. GAO recommends DARPA regularly assess transition strategies, refine training, and increase sharing of technical data to improve transition success.
NASA Technology Roadmaps- Materials, Structures & ManufacturingDr Dev Kambhampati
This document is NASA's 2015 Technology Roadmap for Materials, Structures, Mechanical Systems, and Manufacturing (TA 12). It identifies technologies needed over the next 20 years to address challenges for deep space exploration, including radiation protection, mass reduction, reliability, and affordability. The roadmap focuses on applied research and development for materials, structures, mechanisms, and manufacturing methods. Advances in these areas are critical to enable future NASA missions and strengthen the US economy through commercial applications. The roadmap was developed in collaboration with industry and academia to identify cutting-edge technologies.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Tennessee Exports, Jobs & Foreign InvestmentDr Dev Kambhampati
This document summarizes Tennessee's exports, jobs supported by exports, and foreign investment. It finds that in 2015, Tennessee exports supported over 158,000 jobs, up 35,000 since 2009. Tennessee's top export markets are Canada, Mexico, China, and Japan, and its top exported products are transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, chemicals, and machinery. The document also notes that over 7,300 Tennessee companies export goods, with small and medium enterprises accounting for 83% of exporters and 16% of export value. Finally, it states that in 2014 over 139,000 Tennessee workers were employed by foreign-owned companies, most from Japan, the UK, Germany, France and the Netherlands.
The document analyzes the impact of NAFTA on state-level exports in the United States from 1993 to 2003. It finds that exports to NAFTA partners (Canada and Mexico) grew faster than total US exports over this period, increasing their share. By 2003, NAFTA markets accounted for 37% of US merchandise exports, up from 31% in 1993. Texas was the top exporting state to NAFTA partners in 2003, sending $52.4 billion worth of goods, followed by California at $26.1 billion. Six of the top ten state exporters to NAFTA were traditional manufacturing states in the North.
The document discusses the impact of NAFTA on the US chemicals industry over the past 10 years. It finds that US chemical firm exports to Canada increased 38% and exports to Mexico increased 97% from 1992 to 2002. In 2002, US firms captured 71% of Mexico's chemicals import market and 70% of Canada's. NAFTA eliminated tariffs on US chemical imports to Mexico and Canada, providing a competitive advantage. Some US chemical companies have benefited from expanding sales and investment opportunities in Mexico under NAFTA.
This document summarizes a hearing held by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on China's 13th Five-Year Plan. The hearing examined:
1) How China will finance its ambitious reform agenda under the 13th Five-Year Plan. Local governments face debt burdens and limited ability to raise funds for reforms.
2) The impact of China's industrial policies on U.S. automotive, aerospace, and semiconductor industries. China supports its domestic firms through subsidies and restrictions to acquire foreign technology.
3) Opportunities and challenges for U.S. companies to compete in China's expanding consumer and services markets.
The hearing discussed financing China's reforms, challenges
Chinese Investments in the USA: Impacts & Issues for PolicymakersDr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides background information for a hearing held by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on January 26, 2017 regarding Chinese investment in the United States. The hearing had three panels that examined trends in Chinese investment, case studies of investments in different industries, and Chinese firms listed on U.S. stock exchanges. Witnesses included economists, legal and business experts, and representatives from think tanks. The commissioners sought to evaluate the impacts of Chinese investments and identify any issues for U.S. policymakers. The hearing was intended to inform the commission's annual report to Congress on U.S.-China relations and their implications for U.S. security.
China's Pursuit of Next Frontier Tech- Computing, Robotics & BiotechnologyDr Dev Kambhampati
The panel discussed China's pursuit of leadership in computing technologies. China has rapidly expanded its high-performance computing capabilities in recent decades, now having the world's two fastest supercomputers. It is also expected to deploy an exascale computer before the United States, which would be ten times faster than the current fastest system. The panel examined China's policies supporting domestic firms and restricting foreign competition to develop its own computing champions. While China is aggressively closing the technology gap, U.S. leadership is not assured given its continued strengths in expertise, research, and innovation if provided the right support. The implications of China's computing ambitions for U.S. economic and national security interests were also assessed.
What’s “In” and “Out” for ABM in 2024: Plays That Help You Grow and Ones to L...Demandbase
Delve into essential ABM ‘plays' that propel success while identifying and leaving behind tactics that no longer yield results. Led by ABM Experts, Jon Barcellos, Head of Solutions at Postal and Tom Keefe, Principal GTM Expert at Demandbase.
In the face of the news of Google beginning to remove cookies from Chrome (30m users at the time of writing), there’s no longer time for marketers to throw their hands up and say “I didn’t know” or “They won’t go through with it”. Reality check - it has already begun - the time to take action is now. The good news is that there are solutions available and ready for adoption… but for many the race to catch up to the modern internet risks being a messy, confusing scramble to get back to "normal"
Google Ads Vs Social Media Ads-A comparative analysisakashrawdot
Explore the differences, advantages, and strategies of using Google Ads vs Social Media Ads for online advertising. This presentation will provide insights into how each platform operates, their unique features, and how they can be leveraged to achieve marketing goals.
Unlock the secrets to enhancing your digital presence with our masterclass on mastering online visibility. Learn actionable strategies to boost your brand, optimize your social media, and leverage SEO. Transform your online footprint into a powerful tool for growth and engagement.
Key Takeaways:
1. Effective techniques to increase your brand's visibility across various online platforms.
2. Strategies for optimizing social media profiles and content to maximize reach and engagement.
3. Insights into leveraging SEO best practices to improve search engine rankings and drive organic traffic.
Lily Ray - Optimize the Forest, Not the Trees: Move Beyond SEO Checklist - Mo...Amsive
Lily Ray, Vice President of SEO Strategy & Research at Amsive, explores optimizing strategies for sustainable growth and explores the impact of AI on the SEO landscape.
In today's digital world, customers are just a click away. "Grow Your Business Online: Introduction to Digital Marketing" dives into the exciting world of digital marketing, equipping you with the tools and strategies to reach new audiences, expand your reach, and ultimately grow your business.
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Efficient Website Management for Digital Marketing ProsLauren Polinsky
Learn how to optimize website projects, leverage SEO tactics effectively, and implement product-led marketing approaches for enhanced digital presence and ROI.
This session is your key to unlocking the secrets of successful digital marketing campaigns and maximizing your business's online potential.
Actionable tactics you can apply after this session:
- Streamlined Website Management: Discover techniques to streamline website development, manage day-to-day operations efficiently, and ensure smooth project execution.
- Effective SEO Practices: Gain valuable insights into optimizing your website for search engines, improving visibility, and driving organic traffic to your digital assets.
- Leverage Product-Led Marketing: Explore strategies for incorporating product-led marketing principles into your digital marketing efforts, enhancing user engagement and driving conversions.
Don't miss out on this opportunity to elevate your digital marketing game and achieve tangible results!
From Hope to Despair The Top 10 Reasons Businesses Ditch SEO Tactics.pptxBoston SEO Services
From Hope to Despair: The Top 10 Reasons Businesses Ditch SEO Tactics
Are you tired of seeing your business's online visibility plummet from hope to despair? When it comes to SEO tactics, many businesses find themselves grappling with challenges that lead them to abandon their strategies altogether. In a digital landscape that's constantly evolving, staying on top of SEO best practices is crucial to maintaining a competitive edge.
In this blog, we delve deep into the top 10 reasons why businesses ditch SEO tactics, uncovering the pain points that may resonate with you:
1. Algorithm Changes: The ever-changing algorithms can leave businesses feeling like they're chasing a moving target. Search engines like Google frequently update their algorithms to improve user experience and provide more relevant search results. However, these updates can significantly impact your website's visibility and ranking if you're not prepared.
2. Lack of Results: Investing time and resources without seeing tangible results can be disheartening. The absence of immediate results often leads businesses to lose faith in their SEO strategies. It's important to remember that SEO is a long-term game that requires patience and consistent effort.
3. Technical Challenges: From site speed issues to complex metadata implementation, technical hurdles can be daunting. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for SEO success, as technical issues can hinder your website's performance and user experience.
4. Keyword Competition: Fierce competition for top keywords can make it hard to rank effectively. Businesses often struggle to find the right balance between targeting high-traffic keywords and finding less competitive, niche keywords that can still drive significant traffic.
5. Lack of Understanding of SEO Basics: Many businesses dive into the complex world of SEO without fully grasping the fundamental principles. This lack of understanding can lead to several issues:
Keyword Awareness: Failing to recognize the importance of keyword research and targeting the right keywords in content.
On-Page Optimization: Ignorance regarding crucial on-page elements such as meta tags, headers, and content structure.
Technical SEO Best Practices: Overlooking essential aspects like site speed, mobile responsiveness, and crawlability.
Backlinks: Not understanding the value of high-quality backlinks from reputable sources.
Analytics: Failing to track and analyze data prevents businesses from optimizing their SEO efforts effectively.
6. Unrealistic Expectations and Timeframe: Entrepreneurs often fall prey to the allure of quick fixes and overnight success. Unrealistic expectations can overshadow the reality of the time and effort needed to see tangible results in the highly competitive digital landscape. SEO is a long-term strategy, and setting realistic goals is crucial for success.
#SEO #DigitalMarketing #BusinessGrowth #OnlineVisibility #SEOChallenges #BostonSEO
Everyone knows the power of stories, but when asked to come up with them, we struggle. Either we second guess ourselves as to the story's relevance, or we just come up blank and can't think of any. Unlocking Everyday Narratives: The Power of Storytelling in Marketing will teach you how to recognize stories in the moment and to recall forgotten moments that your audience needs to hear.
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Understand Why Personal Stories Connect Better
How To Remember Forgotten Stories
How To Use Customer Experiences As Stories For Your Brand
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Did you know that while 50% of content on the internet is in English, English only makes up 26% of the world’s spoken language? And yet 87% of customers won’t buy from an English only website.
Uncover the immense potential of communicating with customers in their own language and learn how translation holds the key to unlocking global growth. Join Smartling CEO, Bryan Murphy, as he reveals how translation software can streamline the translation process and seamlessly integrate into your martech stack for optimal efficiency. And that's not all – he’ll also share some inspiring success stories and practical tips that will turbocharge your multilingual marketing efforts!
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1. The growth potential of reaching customers in their native language
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Can you kickstart content marketing when you have a small team or even a team of one? Why yes, you can! Dennis Shiao, founder of marketing agency Attention Retention will detail how to draw insights from subject matter experts (SMEs) and turn them into articles, bylines, blog posts, social media posts and more. He’ll also share tips on content licensing and how to establish a webinar program. Attend this session to learn how to make an impact with content marketing even when you have a small team and limited resources.
Key Takeaways:
- You don't need a large team to start a content marketing program
- A webinar program yields a "one-to-many" approach to content creation
- Use partnerships and licensing to create new content assets
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
The Forgotten Secret Weapon of Digital Marketing: Email
Digital marketing is a rapidly changing, ever evolving industry--Influencers, Threads, X, AI, etc. But one of the most effective digital marketing tools is also one of the oldest: Email. Find out from two Houston-based digital experts how to maximize your results from email.
Key Takeaways:
Email has the best ROI of any digital tactic
It can be used at any stage of the customer journey
It is increasingly important as the cookie-less future gets closer and closer
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranksminatamang0021
In the world of content creation, many AI bloggers have drifted away from their original vision, resulting in low-quality articles that search engines overlook. Don't let that happen to you! Join us to discover how to leverage AI tools effectively to craft high-quality content that not only captures your audience's attention but also ranks well on search engines.
Disclaimer: Some of the prompts mentioned here are the examples of Matt Diggity. Please use it as reference and make your own custom prompts.
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
Dr Dev Kambhampati | CENSUS- International Statistics- Population, Demographics, Births, Deaths etc.
1. International Statistics 823
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Section 30
International Statistics
This section presents statistics for the
world as a whole and for many countries
on a comparative basis with the United
States. Data are shown for population,
births and deaths, social and industrial
indicators, finances, agriculture,
communication, and military affairs.
Statistics of the individual nations may
be found primarily in official national
publications, generally in the form of
yearbooks, issued by most of the nations
at various intervals in their own national
languages and expressed in their own or
customary units of measure. (For a listing
of selected publications, see Guide to
Sources.) For handier reference, especially
for international comparisons, the United
Nations Statistics Division compiles data
as submitted by member countries and
issues a number of international summary
publications, generally in English and
French. Among these are the Statistical
Yearbook; the Demographic Yearbook;
International Trade Statistics Yearbook;
National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggre-
gates and Detailed Tables; Population and
Vital Statistics Reports, semi-annually;
the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics; and the
Energy Statistics Yearbook. Specialized
agencies of the United Nations also issue
international summary publications on
agricultural, labor, health, and education
statistics. Among these are the Produc-
tion Yearbook and Trade Yearbook issued
by the Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion, the Yearbook of Labour Statistics
issued by the International Labour Office
and World Health Statistics issued by the
World Health Organization, and the Statis-
tical Yearbook issued by the Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
The U.S. Census Bureau publishes
estimates and projections of key
demographic measures for countries and
regions of the world in its International
Data Base at <http://www.census.gov
/ipc/www/idb/>.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD)
also compile data on international
statistics. The IMF publishes a series of
reports relating to financial data. These
include International Financial Statistics,
Direction of Trade, and Balance of
Payments Yearbook, published in English,
French, and Spanish. The OECD publishes
a vast number of statistical publications in
various fields such as economics, health,
and education. Among these are OECD in
Figures, Main Economic Indicators,
Economic Outlook, National Accounts,
Labour Force Statistics, OECD Health
Data, and Education at a Glance.
Statistical coverage, country names,
and classifications—Problems of space
and availability of data limit the number
of countries and the extent of statistical
coverage shown. The list of countries
included and the spelling of country
names are based almost entirely on the
list of independent nations, dependencies,
and areas of special sovereignty provided
by the U.S. Department of State.
In the last quarter-century, several
important changes took place in
the status of the world’s nations.
In 1991, the Soviet Union broke up into
15 independent countries: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. In the South
Pacific, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia,
and Palau gained independence from
the United States in 1991. Following the
breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia in 1992, the United States
recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia as
independent countries.
The Treaty of Maastricht created the
European Union (EU) in 1992 with
12 member countries. The EU is not a
state intended to replace existing states,
but it is more than just an international
organization. Its member states have set
up common institutions to which they
2. 824 International Statistics
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
delegate some of their sovereignty
so that decisions on specific matters
of joint interest can be made democrati-
cally at a European level. This pooling of
sovereignty is also called “European
integration.” The EU has grown in size
with successive waves of accessions in
1995, 2004, and 2007. The 27 current
members of the EU are: Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the
United Kingdom.
In 1992, the EU decided to establish an
economic and monetary union (EMU),
with the introduction of a single European
currency managed by a European Central
Bank. The single currency—the euro—
became a reality on January 1, 2002,
when euro notes and coins replaced
national currencies in 12 of the then
15 countries of the European Union
(Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain,
France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, and
Finland). Since then, 12 countries have
become members of the EU, but Slovakia,
Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus, and Estonia have
been the only new members of the EU to
adopt the euro as the national currency.
On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia was
succeeded by two independent countries:
the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Eritrea
announced its independence from
Ethiopia in April 1993 and was subse-
quently recognized as an independent
nation by the United States. In May of
2002, Timor-Leste won independence
from Indonesia.
Serbia and Montenegro, both former
republics of Yugoslavia, became indepen-
dent of one another on May 31, 2006.
This separation is seen in the population
estimates tables (Tables 1332, 1358,
and 1404), but some tables may still
show both countries as combined. On
February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its
independence from Serbia, making it the
world’s newest independent state. The
Netherlands Antilles dissolved on October
10, 2010. As a result, Cuaçao and Sint
Moortan became autonomous territories
of the Netherlands.
The population estimates and projec-
tions used in Tables 1329–1332, 1334,
and 1339 were prepared by the Census
Bureau. For each country, available data
on population, by age and sex, fertility,
mortality, and international migration
were evaluated and, where necessary,
adjusted for inconsistencies and errors
in the data. In most instances, compre-
hensive projections were made by the
cohort-component method, resulting in
distributions of the population by age and
sex and requiring an assessment of
probable future trends of fertility,
mortality, and international migration.
Economic associations—
The Organization for European Economic
Co–operation (OEEC), a regional grouping
of Western European countries established
in 1948 for the purpose of harmonizing
national economic policies and condi-
tions, was succeeded on September 30,
1961, by the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The member nations of the OECD are
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hun-
gary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United
Kingdom, and the United States.
Quality and comparability of the
data—The quality and comparability of
the data presented here are affected by a
number of factors:
(1) The year for which data are presented
may not be the same for all subjects for
a particular country or for a given subject
for different countries, though the data
shown are the most recent available. All
such variations have been noted. The data
shown are for calendar years except as
otherwise specified.
(2) The bases, methods of estimating,
methods of data collection, extent of
coverage, precision of definition, scope
of territory, and margins of error may
vary for different items within a particular
country, and for like items for different
3. International Statistics 825
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
countries. Footnotes and headnotes to the
tables give a few of the major time peri-
ods and coverage qualifications attached
to the figures; considerably
more detail is presented in the source
publications. Many of the measures
shown are, at best, merely rough
indicators of magnitude.
(3) Figures shown in this section for the
United States may not always agree with
figures shown in the preceding sections.
Disagreements may be attributable to the
use of differing original sources, a differ-
ence in the definition of geographic limits
(the 50 states, conterminous United States
only, or the United States including certain
outlying areas and possessions), or to
possible adjustments made in the United
States’ figures by other sources to make
them more comparable with figures from
other countries.
International comparisons of national
accounts data—To compare national
accounts data for different countries, it is
necessary to convert each country’s data
into a common unit of currency, usually
the U.S. dollar. The market exchange
rates, which often are used in converting
national currencies, do not necessarily
reflect the relative purchasing power in
the various countries. It is necessary that
the goods and services produced in differ-
ent countries be valued consistently if the
differences observed are meant to reflect
real differences in the volumes of goods
and services produced. The use of pur-
chasing power parities (see Tables 1347,
1348, and 1394) instead of exchange
rates is intended to achieve this objective.
The method used to present the data
shown in Table 1348 is to construct
volume measures directly by revaluing
the goods and services sold in different
countries at a common set of interna-
tional prices. By dividing the ratio of the
gross domestic products of two countries
expressed in their own national currencies
by the corresponding ratio calculated at
constant international prices, it is possible
to derive the implied purchasing power
parity (PPP) between the two currencies
concerned. PPPs show how many units of
currency are needed in one country to buy
the same amount of goods and services
that one unit of currency will buy in the
other country. For further information,
see National Accounts, Main Aggregates,
Volume I, issued annually by the Organi-
sation for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Paris, France.
International Standard Industrial
Classification—The original version of
the International Standard Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities
(ISIC) was adopted in 1948. A number
of countries have utilized the ISIC as the
basis for devising their industrial classifi-
cation scheme.
Substantial comparability has been
attained between the industrial classifi-
cations of many other countries, includ-
ing the United States and the ISIC by
ensuring, as far as practicable, that the
categories at detailed levels of classifica-
tion in national schemes fit into only one
category of the ISIC. The United Nations,
the International Labour Organization, the
Food and Agriculture Organization, and
other international bodies use the ISIC in
publishing and analyzing statistical data.
Revisions of the ISIC were issued in 1958,
1968, 1989, 2002, and 2008.
International maps—A series of
regional world maps is provided on pages
826–834. References are included in
Table 1331 for easy location of individual
countries on the maps. The Robinson
map projection is used for this series
of maps. A map projection is used to
portray all or part of the round Earth on
a flat surface, but this cannot be done
without some distortion. For the Robinson
projection, distortion is very low along
the Equator and within 45 degrees of the
center but is greatest near the poles. For
additional information on map projections
and maps, please contact the Earth Sci-
ence Information Center, U.S. Geological
Survey, 507 National Center, Reston, VA
22092.
5. International Statistics 827
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
Puerto Rico
(U.S.)
Galapagos
Islands
(Ecuador)
ALASKA
(U.S.)
Franz Josef Land
(Russia)
Saint Pierre and
Miquelon (FR.)
Bermuda
(U.K.)
Russia
Peru
MEXICO
Ecuador
Cuba
Colombia
UNITED STATES
Svalbard
(Norway)
Iceland
GREENLAND
(DENMARK)
CANADA
Hudson
Bay
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
P A C I F I C O C E A N
A R C T I C O C E A N
Gulf of
Mexico
Bering
Sea
Chukchi
Sea
Beaufort
Sea
Baffin
Bay
Labrador
Sea
Greenland
Sea
Caribbean
Sea
S1 - North American Region
6. 828InternationalStatistics
U.S.CensusBureau,StatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStates:2012
BARBADOS
GRENADA
SAINT VINCENT AND
THE GRENADINES
ANTIGUA
AND
BARBUDA
Caribbean Sea
P A C I F I C O C E A N
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
Gulf of Mexico
JAMAICA
CAYMAN
ISLANDS
(U.K.)
MONTSERRAT (U.K.)
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.K.)
VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)
ANGUILLA (U.K.)
ARUBA
(NETH.)
CURAÇO
(NETH.)
SAINT BARTHELEMY (FR.)
SAINT-MARTIN (FR.)
SINT
MAARTEN
(NETH.)
TURKS AND CAICOS
ISLANDS (U.K.)
SAINT LUCIA
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
PUERTO RICO (U.S.)
MARTINIQUE (FR.)
HAITI
GUADELOUPE (FR.)
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
DOMINICA
CUBA
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
PANAMA
NICARAGUA
Mexico
HONDURAS
Guyana
GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR
COSTA
RICA
BELIZE
THE
BAHAMAS
VenezuelaColombia
United
States
S2-CentralAmericaandtheCaribbeanRegion
7. International Statistics 829
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
URUGUAY
PARAGUAY
GUYANA
ECUADOR
BOLIVIA
VENEZUELA
SOUTH GEORGIA AND
SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS
(U.K.)
PERU
SURINAME
FRENCH GUIANA (FR.)
COLOMBIA
CHILE
BRAZIL
ARGENTINA
FALKLAND ISLANDS (U.K.)
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
P A C I F I C
O C E A N
Caribbean Sea
S3 - South American Region
8. 830 International Statistics
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
ANDORRALibyaSudanChadRUSSIA
SWITZER-
LANDLIECHTENSTEIN
SICILY
(IT)
CORSICA
(FR)SARDINIA
(IT)
BALEARIC ISLANDS
(SP)
CRETE
(GR)
FAROE ISLANDS
(DEN)
SHETLAND
ISLANDS
(U.K.)MALTA
FAROE ISLANDS
(DEN)
SHETLAND
ISLANDS
(U.K.)
GIBRALTAR
(U.K.)
GUERNSEY (U.K.)
JERSEY (U.K.)
ISLE
OF
MAN
(U.K.)
Libya
Chad
Sudan
UKRAINE
UNITED
KINGDOM
Turkey
Tunisia
SWEDEN
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
POLAND
NORWAY
NETHERLANDS
Morocco
MONACO
LUXEMBOURG
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
ITALY
ICELAND
GERMANY
FRANCE
FINLAND
ESTONIA
IRELAND
Egypt
DENMARK
BELARUS
BELGIUM
Algeria
Russia
GREECE
KOSOVO
AUSTRIA
GERMANY
HOLY
SEE
ITALY
ROMANIA
UKRAINE
BULGARIA
HUNGARY
GREECE
POLAND
CROATIA
CZECH REPUBLIC
SAN
MARINO
SERBIA
SLOVAKIA
M
O
LD
O
VA
ALBANIA
MACEDONIA
SLOVENIA
BOSNIA
AND
HERZEGOVINA
MONTENEGRO
Area Enlarged Below
Turkey
Mediterranean
Sea
Black Sea
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
Adriatic
Sea
Norwegian
Sea
Baltic
Sea
North
Sea
Celtic
Sea
Bay of
Biscay
Ionian
SeaTyrrhenian Sea
Aegean Sea
S4 - European Region
9. International Statistics 831
U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
CANARY ISLANDS
(SPAIN)
COMOROS
MADEIRA ISLANDS
(PORTUGAL)
Area Enlarged Below
SEYCHELLES
MAURITIUS
CAPE
VERDE
MAYOTTE
(FRANCE)
SAINT HELENA
(UNITED KINGDOM)
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
UGANDA
TANZANIA
Turkey
TUNISIA
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
Syria
SUDAN
Spain
MOROCCO
SOMALIA
SOUTH
AFRICA
Saudi
Arabia
RWANDA
Portugal
NIGERIA
NIGER
M
OZAM
BIQUE
MAURITANIA
MALI
MALAWI
MADAGASCAR
LIBYA
LESOTHO
KENYA
Iraq
Italy
Iran
Greece
GABON
EGYPT
DJIBOUTI
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
CA
M
ERO
O
N
CONGO
(KINSHASA)
CONGO
(BRAZZAVILLE)
CHAD
BURUNDI
BOTSWANA
ANGOLA
ALGERIA
ZIMBABWE
ZAMBIA
Yemen
SWAZILAND
WESTERN
SAHARA
(MOROCCO)
NAMIBIA
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
Red
Sea
Mediterranean Sea
I N D I A N
O C E A N
S5 - African Region
MALI
GUINEA
GHANA
SENEGAL
COTE D'IVOIRE
BURKINA FASO
NIGER
BENIN
LIBERIA
MAURITANIA
TOGO
SIERRA
LEONE
GUINEA-
BISSAU
THE GAMBIA
10. 832InternationalStatistics
U.S.CensusBureau,StatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStates:2012
Red
Sea
Mediterranean
Sea
Black Sea Caspian
Sea
Arabian Sea
Persian
Gulf
Gulf of Aden
Aegean
Sea
AdriaticSea
WEST BANK
GAZA STRIP
Gulf of
Oman
Ethiopia
UZBEKISTAN
Ukraine
TURKMENISTAN
TURKEY
TAJIKISTAN
SYRIA
Sudan
SAUDI ARABIA
Romania
QATAR
PAKISTAN
Nepal
OMAN
Libya
LEBANON
Kazakhstan
KUWAIT
KYRGYZSTAN
JORDAN
IRAQISRAEL
IRAN
India
Greece
GEORGIA
Eritrea
Egypt
Chad
Bulgaria
BAHRAIN
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
AFGHANISTAN
UNITED
ARAB
EMIRATES
Russia
YEMEN
SOCOTRA
(YEM)
CYPRUS
China
S6-MiddleEasternRegion