(i) The document provides 15 solubility product (Ksp) problems involving calculation of solubility, concentration of ions, and value of Ksp for various salts.
(ii) It also provides 12 additional problems involving effect of common ions on solubility, calculation of solubility in presence of other salts, and percentage saturation.
(iii) The problems cover concepts including dissociation of salts into ions, calculation of solubility and concentration using Ksp expression, and effect of common ions in altering solubility.
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Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
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Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
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( Motivator & Mentor)
Interparticle Interactions and Dynamics in Solutions of Copper (II), Cobalt (...Dmitry Novikov
This presentation is a report from the PLMMP-2018 conference. For any information contact me here: dmitrynovikovs@gmail.com
Abstract
This work is a continuation of the systematic study of unsymmetrical electrolytes in non-aqueous media, carried out at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University [1].
Here we report the results of the conductometric study of diluted solutions of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in acetonitrile (AN) at 5-55 oC. The extended Lee-Wheaton equation was used to procced conductometric data and obtain primary association constants, limiting equivalent conductance of electrolytes and limiting ionic conductivities. The primary association constants were then used to interpret the contribution of the ionic solvation and association in terms of contact ionic pairs, solvent-separated ionic pairs and short-range non-Coulomb interionic potential.
Obtained values of total limiting equivalent conductivity of electrolyte and the limiting conventional transference numbers allowed us to divide the equivalent conductivity on ionic constituents. These data were later proceeded to evaluate the parameter of dynamics of ionic solvation, within the modified theory of the dielectric friction.
Additionally, densimetric study was carried out to derive structural parameters of ion solvation of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in AN at 5-55 oC.
Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the same electrolyte/AN systems by means of MDNAES package [2] to elucidate particle dynamics and microscopic structure within the first and second co-ordination shells of copper (II), cobalt (II) and zinc (II) cations in AN at 25 °C.
References
[1] O.N. Kalugin, V.N. Agieienko and N.A. Otroshko, J. Molec. Liquids, 165, 78-86 (2012).
[2] O. N. Kalugin, M. N. Volobuev, and Y. V. Kolesnik, Khar. Univ. Bull., Chem. Ser. 454, 58-80 (1999).
iPositive Academy offers the best NEET Coaching. Score 600+ in NEET entrance exam with training from us. We are the best in NEET UG Coaching Coimbatore http://ipositiveacademy.com/
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Interparticle Interactions and Dynamics in Solutions of Copper (II), Cobalt (...Dmitry Novikov
This presentation is a report from the PLMMP-2018 conference. For any information contact me here: dmitrynovikovs@gmail.com
Abstract
This work is a continuation of the systematic study of unsymmetrical electrolytes in non-aqueous media, carried out at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University [1].
Here we report the results of the conductometric study of diluted solutions of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in acetonitrile (AN) at 5-55 oC. The extended Lee-Wheaton equation was used to procced conductometric data and obtain primary association constants, limiting equivalent conductance of electrolytes and limiting ionic conductivities. The primary association constants were then used to interpret the contribution of the ionic solvation and association in terms of contact ionic pairs, solvent-separated ionic pairs and short-range non-Coulomb interionic potential.
Obtained values of total limiting equivalent conductivity of electrolyte and the limiting conventional transference numbers allowed us to divide the equivalent conductivity on ionic constituents. These data were later proceeded to evaluate the parameter of dynamics of ionic solvation, within the modified theory of the dielectric friction.
Additionally, densimetric study was carried out to derive structural parameters of ion solvation of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in AN at 5-55 oC.
Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the same electrolyte/AN systems by means of MDNAES package [2] to elucidate particle dynamics and microscopic structure within the first and second co-ordination shells of copper (II), cobalt (II) and zinc (II) cations in AN at 25 °C.
References
[1] O.N. Kalugin, V.N. Agieienko and N.A. Otroshko, J. Molec. Liquids, 165, 78-86 (2012).
[2] O. N. Kalugin, M. N. Volobuev, and Y. V. Kolesnik, Khar. Univ. Bull., Chem. Ser. 454, 58-80 (1999).
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
Dpp 04 ionic_equilibrium_jh_sir-4172
1. PAGE NO. # 1
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DPP No.# 55
Solubility product
1. Write the equation for dissociation of following salts and determine their solubility in terms of Ksp
.
(i) PbBr2
(ii) Hg2
CrO4
(iii) BaC2
O4
(iv) Fe(OH)3
(v)Ag2
CO3
(vi) Sb2
S3
(vii)AgCNS (viii)Ag3
PO4
(ix) Li3
Na3
(AlF6
)2
(x) Hg2
I2
(xi) Ba3
(PO4
)2
(xii) Ca5
(PO4
)3
F
(xiii) A3
B4
(xiv) CaF2
(xv)Ag2
CrO4
2. (i) Ksp
of AgCl is 1.8 × 10–10
. The solubility of AgCl in pure water in moles/litre :
(A) 1.34 × 10–5
(B) 4.24 × 10–5
(C) 1.8 × 10–5
(D) 3.6 × 10–5
(ii) In the above question the solubility in gram per litre will be –
(A) 180.26 × 10–5
(B) 192.29 × 10–5
(C) 210 × 10–4
(D) 176.85 × 10–4
3. Calculate solubility of AB2
in pure water. Ksp
of AB2
= 25.6 × 10–8,
4. Solubility of a A2
B salt in pure water is 2 × 10–5
moles in 100 ml. Calculate Ksp
of salt.
5. Ksp
of AgBr is 4 × 10–13
and [Al+
] is a solution is 1 × 10–6
m/l what is [Br–
] in that solution.
6. If Ksp
of AgI is 8.5 × 10–17
. The maximum amount of AgI which can be dissolved in 2500 ml of water will be –
(A) 9.22 × 10–9
gm (B) 2.3 × 108
gm (C) 5.42 × 10–5
gm (D) 2.17 × 10–5
gm
7. The volume of water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4
(Ksp
= 1.1 × 10–10
) at 25ºC is –
(A) 820 litre (B) 410 litre (C) 205 litre (D) none of these
8. How many grams of CaC2
O4
will dissolve in distilled water to make one litre of saturated solution of it ?
(Ksp
of CaC2
O4
= 2.5 × 10–9
mol2
lit–2
)
(A) 0.0064 gm (B) 0.1028 gm (C) 0.1280gm (D) 0.2056 gm
9. At 20ºC, the Ag+
ion concentration in a saturated solution Ag2
CrO4
is 1.5 × 10–4
mole/lit. At 20ºC, the
solubility product of Ag2
CrO4
could be –
(A) 3.37 × 10–12
(B) 1.68 × 10–10
(C) 1.68 × 10–12
(D) 1.12 × 10–10
10. In the system CaF2
(s) Ca2+
(ag) + 2F–
increasing the concentration of Ca2+
ions 4 times will cause the eq. concentration of F–
ions to change to
.............. times the initial value.
(A) 4 (B) 1/2 (C) 2 (D) 1/4
11. Concentration ofAg+
ion in a saturated solution ofAg2
CrO4
is 5.4 × 10–6
g/litre when the salt is 50% dissociated.
Then solubility product of Ag2
CrO4
is –
(A) 7.03 × 10–17
(B) 6.25 × 10–23
(C) 1.72 × 10–23
(D) 2.15 × 10–24
12. (i) For an experiment Pb(OH)2
is taken , if salt is 80% dissociated & Ksp
of Pb(OH)2
is 8 × 10–6
. Then solubility
of salt in moles/litre is –
(A) 1.57 × 10–2
(B) 2 × 10–2
(C) 1.26 × 10–5
(D) 2.3 × 10–2
(ii) Considering the above question, what will be the solubility in gms/litre –
(A) 3.32 (B) 3.65 (C) 3.05 (D) 3.79
PHYSICALINORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEMS
D P P
COURSE NAME : UMANG (UP) DATE : 23.09.2013 to 28.09.2013 DPP NO. 55 & 57
TARGET
JEE (ADVANCED) : 2014
2. PAGE NO. # 2
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13. pH of a saturated solution of A(OH)3
is 10. Calculate Ksp
of A(OH)3
at 25ºC.
14. Solubility of As2
S3
is 7.38 mg in 10ml of water. Calculate Ksp
of As2
S3
.
15. Ksp
of A3
B4
is 6.912 × 10–18
. Calculate solubility of A3
B4
.
DPP No.# 56
1.(a) The solubility of A2
X is y mol dm 3
. Its solubility product is :
(A) 6 y4
(B) 64 y4
(C) 36 y5
(D) 4 y3
(b) The solubility of sparingly soluble electrolyte Mm
Aa
in water is given by the expression :
(A) s =
am
am
sp
am
K
(B) s =
am/1
am
sp
am
K
(C) s =
am
ma
sp
am
K
(D) s =
am/1
ma
sp
am
K
2.(a) Three sparingly soluble salts M2
X, MX and MX3
have the solubility product are in the ratio of 4: 1 : 27. Their
solubilities will be in the order
(A) MX3
> MX > M2
X (B) MX3
> M2
X > MX (C) MX > MX3
> M2
X (D) MX > M2
X > MX3
(b) A particular saturated solution of silver chromate, Ag2
CrO4
, has [Ag+
]= 5×10–5
and [CrO4
2–
] = 4.4×10–4
M.
What is value of Ksp
forAg2
CrO4
?
(A) 1.1 × 10–12
. (B) 1.5 × 10–12
(C) 2 × 10–6
(D) 1 × 1012
.
3.(a) If the solubility product of silver oxalate is 5 × 10–10
, what will be the weight of Ag2
C2
O4
in 2.5 litres of a
saturated solution ? (Ag = 108, C = 12, O = 16).
(A) 0.50 gm (B) 0.38 gm (C) 0.30 gm (D) 0.45 gm.
(b) A student wants to prepare a saturated solution of Ag+
ion . He has got three samples AgCl (Ksp
= 10 10
),
AgBr (Ksp
= 1.6 × 1013
) and Ag2
CrO4
(Ksp
= 3.2 × 1011
) . Which of the above compound will be used by him
using minimum weight to prepare 1 lit. of saturated solution.
(A)AgCl (B)AgBr (C)Ag2
CrO4
(D) all the above .
4.(a) If the solubility of Ag2
SO4
in 10–2
M Na2
SO4
solution be 2 × 10–8
M then Ksp
of Ag2
SO4
will be:
(A) 32 × 10–24
(B) 16 × 10–18
(C) 32 × 10–18
(D) 16 × 10–24
(b) The solubility of CaF2
in water at 1518ºC is 2 × 10–4
mole/litre. Calculate Ksp
of CaF2
and its solubility in 0.1M
NaF solution.
(A) 3.5 × 108
mole/litre (B) 3.0 × 109
mole/litre. (C) 3.3 × 10–9
mole/litre (D) 4.0 × 107
mole/litre
5.(a) Calculate F—
in a solution saturated with respect of both MgF2
and SrF2
.
Ksp
(MgF2
) = 9.5 x 10-9
, Ksp
(SrF2
) = 4 x 10-9
.
(A) 3 × 10–3
M. (B) 4 × 10–2
M. (C) 3.5 × 10–3
M (D) 1 × 10–3
M.
(b) A solution is saturated with respect to SrCO3
& SrF2
. The [CO3
2
] was found to be 1.2 x 103
M. The
concentration of F
in the solution would be : Ksp
(SrCO3
) = 10–9
, Ksp
(SrF2
) = 3 × 10–11
.
(A) 3 x 103
M (B) 2 x 102
M (C) 6 x 102
M (D) 6 x 107
M
6. Calculate the solubility of AgCl (s) in
(a) pure water (b) 0.1 M NaCl (c) 0.01 M CaCl2
at 25º C .
Ksp
(AgCl) = 2.56 1010
.Comment on the influence of [Cl
] on the solubility of AgCl.
7. Find the solubility of CaF2
in 0.5 M solution of CaCl2
and water. How many times in solubility in the second
case greater than in the first ? Ksp
(CaF2
) = 3.2 × 10–11
.
8. If you place the amounts given below in pure water, will all of the salt dissolve before equilibrium can be
established, or will some salt remain undissolved ?
(a) 4.96 mg of MgF2
in 125 ml of pure water, Ksp
= 3.2 x 10-8
(b) 3.9 mg of CaF2
in 100 ml of pure water, Ksp
= 4 x 10-12
Also find the percentage saturation in each case.
3. PAGE NO. # 3
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DPP No.# 57
Solubility in presence of common ion
1. Solubility product of AgCl is 1.8 × 10–10
, then find out solubility of AgCl in
(i) 0.1M NaCl
(A) 3.6 × 10–10
(B) 1.8 × 10–10
(C) 3.6 × 10–9
(D) 1.8 × 10–9
(ii) 0.2MAgNO3
(A) 3 × 10–10
(B) 0.36 × 10–10
(C) 9 × 10–10
(D) 2.6 × 10–10
(iii) 2M CaCl2
(A) 9 × 10–10
(B) 4.5 × 10–11
(C) 1.5 × 10–11
(D) 6 × 10–11
(iv) (iv) pure water.
(A) 1.34 × 10–5
(B) 4.34 × 10–5
(C) 2.87 × 10–5
(D) 1.89 × 10–5
2. Ksp
of PbCl2
is 4 ×10–15
calculate its solubility in :
(i) pure water
(ii) 0.2 M AlCl3
solution
(iii) 5 × 10–3
M Pb3
(PO4
)2
solution
(iv) 0.02 M NaCl solution
(v) 0.4 M Pb(NO3
)2
solution
3. The solubility of AgCl will be minimum in –
(A) 0.01 M AgNO3
(B) pure water (C) 0.01 M CaCl2
(D) 0.1 M NaCl
4. The solubility product of AgCl is 4 × 10–10
at 298 K. The solubility of AgCl in 0.04 M CaCl2
will be–
(A) 2 × 10–5
M (B) 1 × 10–4
M (C) 5 × 10–9
M (D) 2.2 × 10–4
M
5. The molar solubility of PbI2
in 0.2 M Pb(NO3
)2
solution in terms of solubility product, Ksp
of PbI2
is–
(A)
2/1
sp
2.0
K
(B)
2/1
sp
8.0
K
(C)
3/1
sp
8.0
K
(D)
2/1
sp
4.0
K
6. Ksp
of Zn(OH)2
is 4.5 × 10–17
then its solubility in a solution having pH = 10 will be –
(A) 4.5 × 10–10
(B) 1.4 × 10–10
(C) 6.7 × 10–10
(D) 7.6 × 10–10
7. Solubility of Mg(OH)2
having Ksp
equal to 8.9 × 10–13
, in a solution containing 500 ml of 0.2 M NH4
OH and 500
ml of 0.4 M Ca(OH)2
is –
(A) 3.4 × 10–19
(B) 55.63 × 10–13
(C) 2.34 × 10–9
(D) 8.34 × 10–13
8. Molar solubility of As2
S3
in 0.3 M Al2
S3
solution in terms of solubility product Ksp
of As2
S3
is–
(A)
918.2
Ksp
(B)
916.2
K
3
sp
(C)
2.1
Ksp
(D)
2.1
K
3
sp
9. Ksp
of PbI2
is 8 × 10–12
. A solution contains 2 × 10–3
M Pb+2
ions and 2 × 10–4
M I–
ions. Predict ppt of PbI2
will
form or not.
11. The precipitate of CaF2
(Ksp
= 1.7 × 10–10
) is obtained when equal volumes of the following are mixed–
(A) 10–4
Ca2+
+ 10–4
M F–
(B) 10–2
M Ca2+
+ 10–3
M F–
(C) 10–5
M Ca2+
+ 10–3
M F–
(D) 10–3
M Ca2+
and 10–3
M F–
4. PAGE NO. # 4
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12. To Ag2
CrO4
solution over its own precipitate, CrO4
–2
ions are added. This result in
(A) increase in Ag+
concentration (B) decrease in Ag+
concentration
(C) increase in solubility product (D) None of these
13. What is the minimum concentration of SO4
2–
required to precipitate BaSO4
in a solution containing
1 × 10–4
mole of Ba2+
? Ksp
for BaSO4
= 4 × 10–10
(A) 4 × 10–10
M (B) 4 × 10–6
M (C) 2 × 10–7
M (D) 2 × 10–3
M
14. What would be the pH at which Fe(OH)2
begins to precipitate from a solution containing 0.009 M Fe+2
ions.
Ksp
of Fe(OH)2
is 1.8 × 10–15
.
(A) 8.37 (B) 6.35 (C) 7.65 (D) 9.28
15. How many grams of CaBr2
(MM = 200) can be added to 250 ml of 0.01 M solution of silver nitrate to just start
the precipitation of silver bromide. Ksp
of AgBr is 5.0 × 10–13
.
16. A solution contains 0.1 M Zn+2
ions and is saturated with H2
S. Calculatee amount of HCl which should be
added in 500 ml of solution to prercipitate ZnS. Ksp
of ZnS = 13.5 × 10–23
. K1
of H2
S = 10–7
and K2
of
H2
S = 1.5 × 10–14
concentration of H2
S in saturated solutin is 0.1N.
17. A solution has 0.02 M A+2
and 0.1M NH4
OH calculate the concentration of NH4
Cl required to prevent the
formation of A(OH)2
in solution. Ksp
of A(OH)2
is 2 × 10–12
and Kb
of NH4
OH is 10–5
.
ANSWER KEY
DPP No.# 55
2. (i) (A) (ii) (B) 3. Ksp
of AB2
= 25.6 × 10–8,
A = 4 × 10–3
m/l 4. 3.2 ×10–11
5. Br–
= 4 × 10–7
m/l 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C)
10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (i) (A) (ii) (D) 13. 3.34 × 10–17
14. 26.24 × 10–12
15. 10–3
m/l
DPP No.# 56
1.(a) (D) (b) (B) 2.(a) (B) (b) (A) 3.(a) (B) (b) (B)
4.(a) (B) (b) (C) 5.(a) (A) (b) (C)
6. (a) 1.6 × 10 -5
mol/lit. (b) 2.56 × 10 -9
mol/lit. (c) 1.28 × 10–8
mol/lit.
7. 4 × 10–6
M, 2 × 10–4
M, 50 times.
8. (a) Will dissolve, 32% saturation (b) will not dissolve, 100% saturation.
DPP No.# 57
Solubility in presence of common ion
1. (i) (D) 1.8 × 10–9
(ii) (C) (iii) (B) (iv) (A)
2. (i)10–5
M (ii) 1.11 × 10–14
M (iii) 2.58 ×10–7
M (iv) 10–11
M (v) 5 × 10–8
M
3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. Yes
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. 1.25 × 10–9
gm 16. 6.01 gm
17. 0.1 M