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Interparticle Interactions and Dynamics in Solutions of Copper (II), Cobalt (...Dmitry Novikov
This presentation is a report from the PLMMP-2018 conference. For any information contact me here: dmitrynovikovs@gmail.com
Abstract
This work is a continuation of the systematic study of unsymmetrical electrolytes in non-aqueous media, carried out at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University [1].
Here we report the results of the conductometric study of diluted solutions of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in acetonitrile (AN) at 5-55 oC. The extended Lee-Wheaton equation was used to procced conductometric data and obtain primary association constants, limiting equivalent conductance of electrolytes and limiting ionic conductivities. The primary association constants were then used to interpret the contribution of the ionic solvation and association in terms of contact ionic pairs, solvent-separated ionic pairs and short-range non-Coulomb interionic potential.
Obtained values of total limiting equivalent conductivity of electrolyte and the limiting conventional transference numbers allowed us to divide the equivalent conductivity on ionic constituents. These data were later proceeded to evaluate the parameter of dynamics of ionic solvation, within the modified theory of the dielectric friction.
Additionally, densimetric study was carried out to derive structural parameters of ion solvation of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in AN at 5-55 oC.
Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the same electrolyte/AN systems by means of MDNAES package [2] to elucidate particle dynamics and microscopic structure within the first and second co-ordination shells of copper (II), cobalt (II) and zinc (II) cations in AN at 25 °C.
References
[1] O.N. Kalugin, V.N. Agieienko and N.A. Otroshko, J. Molec. Liquids, 165, 78-86 (2012).
[2] O. N. Kalugin, M. N. Volobuev, and Y. V. Kolesnik, Khar. Univ. Bull., Chem. Ser. 454, 58-80 (1999).
GATE Chemistry 2016 Question Paper | Chemistry Preparation | Sourav Sir's Cla...SOURAV DAS
GATE Chemistry Past Year Question Paper
GATE Chemistry Preparation
GATE 2016 Questions
GATE Exam Tips
For full solutions contact us.
Call - 9836793076
Sourav Sir's Classes
Kolkata, New Delhi
iPositive Academy offers the best NEET Coaching. Score 600+ in NEET entrance exam with training from us. We are the best in NEET UG Coaching Coimbatore http://ipositiveacademy.com/
Interparticle Interactions and Dynamics in Solutions of Copper (II), Cobalt (...Dmitry Novikov
This presentation is a report from the PLMMP-2018 conference. For any information contact me here: dmitrynovikovs@gmail.com
Abstract
This work is a continuation of the systematic study of unsymmetrical electrolytes in non-aqueous media, carried out at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University [1].
Here we report the results of the conductometric study of diluted solutions of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in acetonitrile (AN) at 5-55 oC. The extended Lee-Wheaton equation was used to procced conductometric data and obtain primary association constants, limiting equivalent conductance of electrolytes and limiting ionic conductivities. The primary association constants were then used to interpret the contribution of the ionic solvation and association in terms of contact ionic pairs, solvent-separated ionic pairs and short-range non-Coulomb interionic potential.
Obtained values of total limiting equivalent conductivity of electrolyte and the limiting conventional transference numbers allowed us to divide the equivalent conductivity on ionic constituents. These data were later proceeded to evaluate the parameter of dynamics of ionic solvation, within the modified theory of the dielectric friction.
Additionally, densimetric study was carried out to derive structural parameters of ion solvation of Cu(BF4)2, Zn(BF4)2 and Co(BF4)2 in AN at 5-55 oC.
Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the same electrolyte/AN systems by means of MDNAES package [2] to elucidate particle dynamics and microscopic structure within the first and second co-ordination shells of copper (II), cobalt (II) and zinc (II) cations in AN at 25 °C.
References
[1] O.N. Kalugin, V.N. Agieienko and N.A. Otroshko, J. Molec. Liquids, 165, 78-86 (2012).
[2] O. N. Kalugin, M. N. Volobuev, and Y. V. Kolesnik, Khar. Univ. Bull., Chem. Ser. 454, 58-80 (1999).
GATE Chemistry 2016 Question Paper | Chemistry Preparation | Sourav Sir's Cla...SOURAV DAS
GATE Chemistry Past Year Question Paper
GATE Chemistry Preparation
GATE 2016 Questions
GATE Exam Tips
For full solutions contact us.
Call - 9836793076
Sourav Sir's Classes
Kolkata, New Delhi
JEE Main 2022 Session 1 Physics Paper and Solution 1st shiftALLEN Overseas
Here we present JEE Main 2022 Session 1 Answer Key with Solutions prepared by ALLEN Overseas subject matter experts to help candidates analyze their performance and calculate their tentative score.
Here we present JEE Main 2022 Session 1 Answer Key with Solutions prepared by ALLEN Overseas subject matter experts to help candidates analyze their performance and calculate their tentative score.
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory BasedMiso Study
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory Based, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
1. PAGE NO. # 1
ETOOS ACADEMY Pvt. Ltd
F-106, Road No.2 Indraprastha Industrial Area, End of Evergreen Motor,
BSNL Lane, Jhalawar Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005) Tel. : +91-744-242-5022, 92-14-233303
CHEMISTRY
DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEMS
D P P
COURSE NAME : URJAA (UR) DATE : 08.07.2013 to 13.07.2013 DPP NO. 07 TO 08
TARGET
JEE (ADVANCED) : 2014
* Marked Questions are having more than one correct option.
DPP No. # 07
1. Calculate ratio of de-Broglie wavelength for an proton and -particle, if they are accelerated through
same potential difference V.
2. Calculate ratio of de-Broglie wavelength for a proton and -particle, if their kinetic energies are same.
3. Calculate the uncertainty in the velocity of a cricket ball having a mass 150 g, if the uncertainty in
its position is the order of 1 Å :
(A) 3.50 × 10–24 ms–1 (B) 7.20 × 10–24 ms–1
(C) 9.30 × 10–22 ms–1 (D) None of these
4. The uncertainties in measurement of position and momentum of an electron are equal. Choose the
correct statement : (Given
18h
7.2 10
4
)
(A) The uncertainty in measurement of speed = 8 × 1013 m/sec.
(B) The uncertainty in measurement of kinetic energy = h / 8m.
(C) The uncertainty in measurement of speed = 8 × 1016 m/sec
(D) Increasing the wavelength of light used in the experiment will decrease uncertainty in position and
increase the uncertainty in momentum.
5. If the light of wavelength 3 × 10–10 cm is used in used to detect an electron, then the uncertainty in
velocity will be : (h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js, me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg).
(A) 106 m/s (B) 2 × 106 m/s (C) 2 × 107 m/s (D) 107 m/s
6. If numerical value of mass and velocity are equal for a particle, then its de-Broglie wavelength in
terms of K.E. is :
(A)
mh
2K.E.
(B)
h
2m2K.E.
(C) both are correct (D) none is correct
7. The orbital angular momentum corresponding to n = 4 and m = – 3 is :
(A) 0 (B)
h
2
(C)
6 h
2
(D)
3 h
8. Spin magnetic moment of xn+ (Z = 26) is 24 B.M. Hence number of unpaired electrons and value
of n respectively are :
(A) 4, 2 (B) 2, 4 (C) 3, 1 (D) 0, 2
9. Spin magnetic moments of V (Z = 23), Cr (Z = 24), Mn (Z = 25) are x, y, z respectively. Hence :
(A) x = y = z (B) x < y < z (C) x < z < y (D) z < y < x
10. Calculate :
(a) the value of spin only magnetic moment of Co3+ ion (in BM).
(b) the number of radial nodes in 3p-orbital
(c) the number of electrons with (m = 0) in Mn2+ ion.
(d) the orbital angular momentum for the unpaired electron in V4+.
2. PAGE NO. # 2
ETOOS ACADEMY Pvt. Ltd
F-106, Road No.2 Indraprastha Industrial Area, End of Evergreen Motor,
BSNL Lane, Jhalawar Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005) Tel. : +91-744-242-5022, 92-14-233303
DPP No. # 08
1. A d-block element has total spin value of + 3 or – 3. Then, the spin only magnetic moment of the element
is approximately :
(A) 2.83 B.M. (B) 3.87 B.M. (C) 5.9 B.M. (D) 6.93 B.M.
2. Spin only magnetic moment of 25Mnx+ ion is 15B.M. . Then, the value of x is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
3. Spin only magnetic moment of 26Fe2+ ion is same as :
(A) 26Fe (B) 24Cr2+ (C) 28Ni4+ (D) All of these
4. Orbital angular momentum of an electron is
h
3
. Then, the number of orientations of this orbital
in space are :
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
5. The correct order of the magnetic moment of [25Mn4+, 24Cr3+, 24Fe3+] is :
(A) Fe3+ > Cr3+ = Mn4+ (B) Fe3+ > Cr3+ > Mn4+
(C) Cr3+ = Mn4+ > Fe3+ (D) Fe3+ > Mn4+ > Cr3+
6. What is the maximum possible number of electrons in an atom with (n + l = 7) ?
7. Predict total spin for each configuration :
(a) 1s2 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (c) 1s2 2s2 2p5
(d) 1s2 2s2 2p3 (e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
8. In the following electronic configuration, some rules have been violated :
4p
4
4s1
3d
5
I : Hund II : Pauli's exclusion III. Aufbau
(A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) I, II and III
9. What is the potential difference through which an electron, with a de Broglie wavelength of 1.5 Å,
should be accelerated, if its de Broglie wavelength has to be reduced to 1 Å :
(A) 110 volts (B) 70 volts (C) 83 volts (D) 55 volts
10. A neutral atom of an element has 2 K, 8L, 9M and 2N electrons. Find out the following :
(a) Atomic number of element (b) Total number of s electrons
(c) Total number of p electrons (d) Total number of d electrons
(e) Valency of element (f) Number of unpaired electrons in element
ANSWER KEY
DPP No. # 07
1.
p 2 2
1
2.
p 2
1
3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (C)
10. (a) 24 or 4.9 BM (b) 1 (c) 11 (d)
6h
2
DPP No. # 08
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. 32
7. (a) 0 × (± 1/2) = 0 (b) 0 × (± 1/2) = 0 (c) 1 × (± 1/2)
(d) 3 × (± 1/2) = ± 3/2 (e) 5 × (± 1/2) = ± 5/2
8. (C) 9. (C)
10. (a) 21 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 1 (e) + 2, + 3 (f) 1
![PAGE NO. # 2
ETOOS ACADEMY Pvt. Ltd
F-106, Road No.2 Indraprastha Industrial Area, End of Evergreen Motor,
BSNL Lane, Jhalawar Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005) Tel. : +91-744-242-5022, 92-14-233303
DPP No. # 08
1. A d-block element has total spin value of + 3 or – 3. Then, the spin only magnetic moment of the element
is approximately :
(A) 2.83 B.M. (B) 3.87 B.M. (C) 5.9 B.M. (D) 6.93 B.M.
2. Spin only magnetic moment of 25Mnx+ ion is 15B.M. . Then, the value of x is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
3. Spin only magnetic moment of 26Fe2+ ion is same as :
(A) 26Fe (B) 24Cr2+ (C) 28Ni4+ (D) All of these
4. Orbital angular momentum of an electron is
h
3
. Then, the number of orientations of this orbital
in space are :
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
5. The correct order of the magnetic moment of [25Mn4+, 24Cr3+, 24Fe3+] is :
(A) Fe3+ > Cr3+ = Mn4+ (B) Fe3+ > Cr3+ > Mn4+
(C) Cr3+ = Mn4+ > Fe3+ (D) Fe3+ > Mn4+ > Cr3+
6. What is the maximum possible number of electrons in an atom with (n + l = 7) ?
7. Predict total spin for each configuration :
(a) 1s2 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (c) 1s2 2s2 2p5
(d) 1s2 2s2 2p3 (e) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
8. In the following electronic configuration, some rules have been violated :
4p
4
4s1
3d
5
I : Hund II : Pauli's exclusion III. Aufbau
(A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) I, II and III
9. What is the potential difference through which an electron, with a de Broglie wavelength of 1.5 Å,
should be accelerated, if its de Broglie wavelength has to be reduced to 1 Å :
(A) 110 volts (B) 70 volts (C) 83 volts (D) 55 volts
10. A neutral atom of an element has 2 K, 8L, 9M and 2N electrons. Find out the following :
(a) Atomic number of element (b) Total number of s electrons
(c) Total number of p electrons (d) Total number of d electrons
(e) Valency of element (f) Number of unpaired electrons in element
ANSWER KEY
DPP No. # 07
1.
p 2 2
1
2.
p 2
1
3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (C)
10. (a) 24 or 4.9 BM (b) 1 (c) 11 (d)
6h
2
DPP No. # 08
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. 32
7. (a) 0 × (± 1/2) = 0 (b) 0 × (± 1/2) = 0 (c) 1 × (± 1/2)
(d) 3 × (± 1/2) = ± 3/2 (e) 5 × (± 1/2) = ± 5/2
8. (C) 9. (C)
10. (a) 21 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 1 (e) + 2, + 3 (f) 1](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)