The document discusses the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on employment. It begins with providing background on the previous three industrial revolutions and defines the Fourth Industrial Revolution as involving new technologies like robotics, AI, IoT, and 3D printing.
It then examines how the Fourth Industrial Revolution is likely to affect employment through reducing total jobs, changing the composition of jobs by skills and sector, and altering the nature of work. Certain jobs are more at risk like low-skilled roles, though some white-collar jobs are now also vulnerable. A South African study found that community/social services, wholesale/retail, manufacturing, and construction face the highest risks.
The conclusion emphasizes that trade unions may find it
This document provides an overview of the implications of automation, digitization and platforms on work and employment. It discusses how:
1) Technological changes tend to occur in periodic revolutions rather than linear trends, and the digital revolution represents the most recent of these bursts of innovation.
2) Attributes of the digital economy include increased flexibility of production, greater availability of information, zero marginal costs for digital goods, network effects, and potential for winner-take-all markets.
3) The digital revolution is changing work and employment along three vectors: automation of work through replacing human labor with machines; digitization of processes by translating physical work into digital information; and increased coordination by digital platforms.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted labour markets globally and accelerated the arrival of the future of work. The report analyzes the short-term impacts of the pandemic on jobs and skills as well as the expected long-term outlook. Automation is creating a "double disruption" for workers from both the pandemic and technological changes. By 2025, the time spent on current tasks by humans and machines will be equal and 85 million jobs may be displaced while 97 million new roles may emerge. Skills gaps are rising as in-demand skills change. Remote work has become widespread but risks exacerbating inequality if not addressed. Reskilling and upskilling workers is increasingly urgent in the constrained labour market.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted labour markets globally and accelerated the arrival of the future of work. The pandemic recession, combined with ongoing technology adoption, is creating a "double disruption" scenario for workers. By 2025, the time spent on current tasks by humans and machines will be equal and many jobs will be transformed. While job creation will still outpace job destruction, the pace of new job growth is slowing and job losses are accelerating compared to previous years. Reskilling needs are high but the window for reskilling workers is shrinking in the current economic environment. Public support for reskilling displaced workers needs to be strengthened to manage this transition effectively.
The Future of Jobs report maps the jobs and skills of the future, tracking the pace of change. It aims to shed light on the pandemic-related disruptions in 2020, contextualized within a longer history of economic cycles and the expected outlook for technology adoption, jobs and skills in the next five years.
The document discusses the evolution of industrial revolutions from the 1st to the 4th. It notes that each revolution introduced new production technologies that significantly increased outputs. The 4th industrial revolution involves the digitalization and connection of production and logistics through cyber-physical systems. This changes how goods are made and distributed. The industrial revolutions have impacted human resource management by automating many jobs and potentially exacerbating inequality between returns to capital and labor. HR must help workers adapt to the changing nature of work through training and developing new skills.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It describes how the Fourth Industrial Revolution builds on previous revolutions through new technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, and the Internet of Things that are blurring lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres. While this disruption may lower barriers for entrepreneurs and improve lives through customized robots and a connected world, it also risks exacerbating inequality as low-skilled jobs are automated and a skills gap emerges between roles that are replaced and roles that require more advanced skills. Overall, managing this transition poses challenges around ensuring the benefits of innovation reach all members of society.
Ift ffor delltechnologies_human-machine_070717_readerhigh-resRafael Villas B
The document discusses emerging technologies that will impact society by 2030, including robotics, artificial intelligence, virtual/augmented reality, and cloud computing. It states that these technologies will underpin new human-machine partnerships where humans and machines leverage their complementary strengths. Specifically, the technologies will enhance daily activities through coordinating resources and in-the-moment learning. This will reshape expectations for work and require organizations to adapt to the expanding capabilities of human-machine teams.
This document provides an overview of the implications of automation, digitization and platforms on work and employment. It discusses how:
1) Technological changes tend to occur in periodic revolutions rather than linear trends, and the digital revolution represents the most recent of these bursts of innovation.
2) Attributes of the digital economy include increased flexibility of production, greater availability of information, zero marginal costs for digital goods, network effects, and potential for winner-take-all markets.
3) The digital revolution is changing work and employment along three vectors: automation of work through replacing human labor with machines; digitization of processes by translating physical work into digital information; and increased coordination by digital platforms.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted labour markets globally and accelerated the arrival of the future of work. The report analyzes the short-term impacts of the pandemic on jobs and skills as well as the expected long-term outlook. Automation is creating a "double disruption" for workers from both the pandemic and technological changes. By 2025, the time spent on current tasks by humans and machines will be equal and 85 million jobs may be displaced while 97 million new roles may emerge. Skills gaps are rising as in-demand skills change. Remote work has become widespread but risks exacerbating inequality if not addressed. Reskilling and upskilling workers is increasingly urgent in the constrained labour market.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted labour markets globally and accelerated the arrival of the future of work. The pandemic recession, combined with ongoing technology adoption, is creating a "double disruption" scenario for workers. By 2025, the time spent on current tasks by humans and machines will be equal and many jobs will be transformed. While job creation will still outpace job destruction, the pace of new job growth is slowing and job losses are accelerating compared to previous years. Reskilling needs are high but the window for reskilling workers is shrinking in the current economic environment. Public support for reskilling displaced workers needs to be strengthened to manage this transition effectively.
The Future of Jobs report maps the jobs and skills of the future, tracking the pace of change. It aims to shed light on the pandemic-related disruptions in 2020, contextualized within a longer history of economic cycles and the expected outlook for technology adoption, jobs and skills in the next five years.
The document discusses the evolution of industrial revolutions from the 1st to the 4th. It notes that each revolution introduced new production technologies that significantly increased outputs. The 4th industrial revolution involves the digitalization and connection of production and logistics through cyber-physical systems. This changes how goods are made and distributed. The industrial revolutions have impacted human resource management by automating many jobs and potentially exacerbating inequality between returns to capital and labor. HR must help workers adapt to the changing nature of work through training and developing new skills.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It describes how the Fourth Industrial Revolution builds on previous revolutions through new technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, and the Internet of Things that are blurring lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres. While this disruption may lower barriers for entrepreneurs and improve lives through customized robots and a connected world, it also risks exacerbating inequality as low-skilled jobs are automated and a skills gap emerges between roles that are replaced and roles that require more advanced skills. Overall, managing this transition poses challenges around ensuring the benefits of innovation reach all members of society.
Ift ffor delltechnologies_human-machine_070717_readerhigh-resRafael Villas B
The document discusses emerging technologies that will impact society by 2030, including robotics, artificial intelligence, virtual/augmented reality, and cloud computing. It states that these technologies will underpin new human-machine partnerships where humans and machines leverage their complementary strengths. Specifically, the technologies will enhance daily activities through coordinating resources and in-the-moment learning. This will reshape expectations for work and require organizations to adapt to the expanding capabilities of human-machine teams.
The document discusses the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4) on businesses. It presents an SCQA model to structure the discussion. The Situation introduces IR4 and its complexity. The Complication is that IR4 will cause structural changes that disrupt nearly every aspect of life, including businesses and their external, industrial, and internal environments. The Answer is that businesses have different options for addressing the disruption, represented metaphorically as options for traveling to the future, including making their own way or collaborating with consultants.
Industrial revolutions are momentous events. By most reckonings, there have been only three. The first was triggered in the 1700s by the commercial steam engine and the mechanical loom. The harnessing of electricity and mass production sparked the second, around the start of the 20th century. The computer set the third in motion after World War II.
It might seem too soon to proclaim that the fourth industrial revolution, spurred by interconnected digital technology, has begun. But Henning Kagermann, the head of the German National Academy of Science and Engineering (Acatech), did exactly that in 2011, when he used the term Industrie 4.0 to describe a proposed government-sponsored industrial initiative.
When you look closely at the rapid pace of digitization in industry today, the name doesn’t seem hyperbolic at all. It is a signal of sweeping change that is rapidly transforming many companies and may catch others by surprise.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Job LossIkhlaq Sidhu
The arguments of job displacement, economic growth, and policy arguments related to artificial intelligence, data, algorithms, and automated technologies.
IRJET- AI the Next Big Intelligent Revolution: And its Impact on the Work...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global workforce. It notes that AI is reshaping industries and forcing workers to develop new skills to work alongside intelligent machines. The document reviews several studies and reports that estimate the extent to which jobs will be impacted or eliminated by AI over the coming years and decades. For example, one study cited estimates that 47% of US jobs are at risk of automation. The document also examines perspectives from experts like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking about both the promises and risks of advanced AI. In summary, the document analyzes the significant threats and changes that AI poses for the future of work globally.
Taking the robot out of the human infographicUiPath
Robotic process automation (RPA) can help organizations in the European Union build more resilient operations and ensure growth after COVID-19. RPA allows for less mundane work, more time focusing on critical processes and citizens' needs, and the acquisition of new skills. Transitioning to a digital economy is important for recovery from COVID-19, and RPA supports increased productivity, efficiency, quality of life, and economic resilience. RPA also enables upskilling and improved economic potential.
Redefining Office Communication: Technology and Socio-Demographic Convergence...Felicia Woo
Frost & Sullivan recently collaborated with Ricoh Group to
develop a white paper, “Redefining Office
Communication”, to further demonstrate the implications
of three key global megatrends – demographic shift,
flexible workstyle and technological transformation.
This white paper is intended to serve as a reference point for business leaders and decision makers around the world to
guide them towards adopting the latest office communication technologies applicable for their relevant industries.
Rather than being a physical place where a person works all the time, Frost & Sullivan envisions the futuristic
office to be more of a meeting area where people go to generate fresh ideas, create new action plans or
make important decisions – leading to a boundary-less workplace.
The document discusses the impact of disruptive changes on employment levels, skills, and recruitment over the coming years. Major trends like artificial intelligence, robotics, and cloud technology are expected to significantly impact jobs and skills demands. By 2020 over a third of core skills for most occupations will be skills that are not considered crucial today. While business leaders recognize these challenges, they have been slow to develop strategies and are not confident in their ability to prepare. The report calls for businesses to invest in reskilling employees and developing new workforce strategies to help workers and companies adapt to changes.
Day 1 C2C - Deloitte - Government Support for ICT Development, Success strate...Myles Freedman
The document discusses the role of government in advancing ICT development and growing country competitiveness. It covers factors that influence ICT industry strength like inter-government support, legal/regulatory frameworks, infrastructure, talent development, and costs. Case studies show how governments in Australia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain have directly supported ICT growth through policies, investment, and partnerships. The presentation concludes that governments should accelerate broadband rollout, forecast future skills needs, and develop regionally aligned ICT policies to maximize economic and industry benefits.
This document discusses how technological changes from the digital revolution are transforming the world of work and presenting challenges. While technology has increased productivity, wages have stagnated in many countries, declining labor's share of GDP. The digital age has greatly benefited consumers but its impact on employment has been more disruptive. The nature of innovation is changing as well, as some new technologies allow automation of tasks previously considered human. This could affect a significant portion of the workforce and risks further widening inequality unless countries take steps to plan for these changes and ensure growth remains inclusive.
Enabling a sustainable Fourth Industrial Revolution: How G20 countries can cr...eraser Juan José Calderón
Enabling a sustainable Fourth Industrial Revolution:
How G20 countries can create the conditions for emerging
technologies to benefit people and the planet
The document discusses the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which involves emerging technology like artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. It is building upon the Third Industrial Revolution of digital technologies. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will significantly impact economies, businesses, societies, and individuals by automating jobs, requiring new skills, and potentially exacerbating inequality. While it offers opportunities to improve lives, it also poses challenges around workforce disruption, security, and maintaining traditional values and systems. Careful management will be needed to ensure the benefits are widely shared.
The document discusses the impact of Industry 4.0 on jobs. It begins by introducing the four industrial revolutions and the technologies fueling Industry 4.0 like robotics, AI, and IoT. It then examines how employment will be affected, with some jobs at high risk of automation like telemarketers and drivers, while others like healthcare workers are less at risk. It concludes that low-skilled manufacturing and retail jobs will be most vulnerable, while jobs requiring human interaction like managers, teachers, and nurses will be safer and in higher demand. New jobs in areas like AI development, machine operation, and training will also emerge.
World Economic Forum Tipping Points ReportSergey Nazarov
Describes how 10% of global GDP will be on the blockchain and the value of the monumental shift started by Bitcoin.
Features SmartContract.com as The Shift in Action" for blockchain technology.
The book pinpoints that the digital future is exposed to the danger of chaotic, unregulated growth, which constitutes a challenge for countries that still operate according to traditional economic models, and that public thinking in the Arab region in facing challenges still follows the "reaction methodology" and temporary solutions with short-term prospects, and that this is confirmed by the current international indicators of its competitiveness. The book proposes that in order to address this, visions and efforts should be based on strategies driven by scientific methods, and with it the Arab countries must develop a clear understanding of the main challenges before jumping to seize opportunities.
The book shows that it is fundamental for policymakers and decision-makers to have precise and accurate understanding of the intricate details in digital transformation initiatives and the role that modern technologies can play in changing the rules and systems of current practices, and in how to develop digitized, more innovative business models with which to build resilient and sustainable social economies and systems.
The book also draws on the current data and indicators of the global economy and that they are pushing to form a worrying picture of weaknesses in Arab countries, which in turn may threaten the stability of the entire region, especially with regard to the "cognitive decline" and “increasing unemployment rates” and “poor economic performance"; and that these challenges call for dealing with it as key strategic indicators that require urgent action plans; with emphasis that these plans need to be designed to reflect different ways of thinking and adapted to the nature of the requirements and challenges of the 21st century and treat them as forces and positive factors.
The book highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of a set of initial reform projects to encourage the development of more dynamic and developed digital business environments in the Arab region, in parallel with the development of educational systems and healthcare, and strengthening agricultural capabilities to achieve food security targets, and focus on economies based on industry and production, and promoting the development of Arab digital platforms to support e-commerce practices.
Computing comm enhancements_in_modern_comm_netsAnil Sharma
This document discusses the history and evolution of personal computing and communication technologies over the past 50 years. It covers the introduction of personal computers in the 1980s, the rise of software applications and the internet in the 1990s, and the development of networking technologies in the 2000s. The rapid adoption of these technologies on a global scale represented one of the fastest technological diffusions in history. Personal computing spawned a $10 trillion industry and transformed how people work and communicate through seamless collaboration enabled by internet connectivity. Continued advances in areas like artificial intelligence, robotics, and cloud computing are shaping the current world of IT and automation.
This document summarizes a research paper on China's experiences with technology, trade, and inclusive development in the context of globalization. The research examined China's patterns of trade, technology, and investment to analyze their impact on development. It found that while foreign direct investment, trade, and economic growth were in long-run equilibrium, they also created a wide income inequality gap. The researchers conclude it is important for policymakers to address obstacles and improve absorptive capacity to maximize inclusive development and equality.
Evaluation of technology, trade, and inclusive development: Chinese experiencesAkhilesh Chandra Prabhakar
The present study begins by surveying, broadly supports the assertion that technology, trade, sustainability and
development-led globalization is the path in the Chinese context not adequately paid to attention except with very few
original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade, technology,
investment with a view to locate in the development context in the era of globalization. This study also investigates
theories of trade, technology movement under capitalist paradigm along with the empirical one. The survey broadly
supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that China’s socialist market paradigm was not
different from the capitalist mode of production as tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or
significant contributions. Alongside, this study used secondary data and analyzed, where the results confirmed that
foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicated the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium
relationship between them but created income inequality gap widely among people. It is, thus, important for
policymakers to remove obstacles and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximized positive
inclusive development with equality basis.
The advancement of both society and the economy may be traced back to the industrial sector. Businesses and academic institutions alike have shown considerable enthusiasm for the Industry 4.0 initiative. Although “Industry 4.0” as a concept has been explored in academic circles for some time, it is only recently that the term has become popular in both academic and industrial settings. Academic studies, on the other hand, aim to better the industrial sector by clarifying the meaning of the concept and developing relevant systems, business models, and methodologies. Businesses need a thorough understanding of the features and substance of Industry 4.0 in order to make the transition from machine-dominated to digital production. These data will be useful when they formulate a plan. Along this route, there have been many discussions and plans put forth. The rapid progress of industrial science is linked to this ailment. This paper conducts a literature review to investigate the relationship between Industry 4.0 and the development of industrial engineering science, the challenges that this field faces, and the impact that the industrial revolution had on human resources, all of which contributed to the emergence of Industry 4.0. To improve productivity, efficiency, and unemployment, the concept merges digital technologies, the Internet, and conventional industries. Moreover, some of the ramifications concern the detrimental effects of Industry 4.0 on human resources. The fundamental objective is to furnish labor forces with tools by expanding employment and spawning new avenues for business ownership across several industries and institutional configurations
This document discusses how computer technology has impacted work and labor markets in developed countries. It begins by outlining the rapid improvements in computing power and declining costs predicted by Moore's Law. While some argue this heralds a "Second Machine Age" that could automate many jobs and lead to widespread unemployment, others believe technological change is slowing. The document then examines lessons from history on how technological developments have affected employment, finding that overall employment is relatively unchanged as jobs shift between sectors. Computers are shown to contribute more to rising inequality by replacing routine tasks and polarizing the job market. The main policy challenges are changing skill demands and inequality, not mass unemployment.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
The document discusses the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4) on businesses. It presents an SCQA model to structure the discussion. The Situation introduces IR4 and its complexity. The Complication is that IR4 will cause structural changes that disrupt nearly every aspect of life, including businesses and their external, industrial, and internal environments. The Answer is that businesses have different options for addressing the disruption, represented metaphorically as options for traveling to the future, including making their own way or collaborating with consultants.
Industrial revolutions are momentous events. By most reckonings, there have been only three. The first was triggered in the 1700s by the commercial steam engine and the mechanical loom. The harnessing of electricity and mass production sparked the second, around the start of the 20th century. The computer set the third in motion after World War II.
It might seem too soon to proclaim that the fourth industrial revolution, spurred by interconnected digital technology, has begun. But Henning Kagermann, the head of the German National Academy of Science and Engineering (Acatech), did exactly that in 2011, when he used the term Industrie 4.0 to describe a proposed government-sponsored industrial initiative.
When you look closely at the rapid pace of digitization in industry today, the name doesn’t seem hyperbolic at all. It is a signal of sweeping change that is rapidly transforming many companies and may catch others by surprise.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Job LossIkhlaq Sidhu
The arguments of job displacement, economic growth, and policy arguments related to artificial intelligence, data, algorithms, and automated technologies.
IRJET- AI the Next Big Intelligent Revolution: And its Impact on the Work...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global workforce. It notes that AI is reshaping industries and forcing workers to develop new skills to work alongside intelligent machines. The document reviews several studies and reports that estimate the extent to which jobs will be impacted or eliminated by AI over the coming years and decades. For example, one study cited estimates that 47% of US jobs are at risk of automation. The document also examines perspectives from experts like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking about both the promises and risks of advanced AI. In summary, the document analyzes the significant threats and changes that AI poses for the future of work globally.
Taking the robot out of the human infographicUiPath
Robotic process automation (RPA) can help organizations in the European Union build more resilient operations and ensure growth after COVID-19. RPA allows for less mundane work, more time focusing on critical processes and citizens' needs, and the acquisition of new skills. Transitioning to a digital economy is important for recovery from COVID-19, and RPA supports increased productivity, efficiency, quality of life, and economic resilience. RPA also enables upskilling and improved economic potential.
Redefining Office Communication: Technology and Socio-Demographic Convergence...Felicia Woo
Frost & Sullivan recently collaborated with Ricoh Group to
develop a white paper, “Redefining Office
Communication”, to further demonstrate the implications
of three key global megatrends – demographic shift,
flexible workstyle and technological transformation.
This white paper is intended to serve as a reference point for business leaders and decision makers around the world to
guide them towards adopting the latest office communication technologies applicable for their relevant industries.
Rather than being a physical place where a person works all the time, Frost & Sullivan envisions the futuristic
office to be more of a meeting area where people go to generate fresh ideas, create new action plans or
make important decisions – leading to a boundary-less workplace.
The document discusses the impact of disruptive changes on employment levels, skills, and recruitment over the coming years. Major trends like artificial intelligence, robotics, and cloud technology are expected to significantly impact jobs and skills demands. By 2020 over a third of core skills for most occupations will be skills that are not considered crucial today. While business leaders recognize these challenges, they have been slow to develop strategies and are not confident in their ability to prepare. The report calls for businesses to invest in reskilling employees and developing new workforce strategies to help workers and companies adapt to changes.
Day 1 C2C - Deloitte - Government Support for ICT Development, Success strate...Myles Freedman
The document discusses the role of government in advancing ICT development and growing country competitiveness. It covers factors that influence ICT industry strength like inter-government support, legal/regulatory frameworks, infrastructure, talent development, and costs. Case studies show how governments in Australia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain have directly supported ICT growth through policies, investment, and partnerships. The presentation concludes that governments should accelerate broadband rollout, forecast future skills needs, and develop regionally aligned ICT policies to maximize economic and industry benefits.
This document discusses how technological changes from the digital revolution are transforming the world of work and presenting challenges. While technology has increased productivity, wages have stagnated in many countries, declining labor's share of GDP. The digital age has greatly benefited consumers but its impact on employment has been more disruptive. The nature of innovation is changing as well, as some new technologies allow automation of tasks previously considered human. This could affect a significant portion of the workforce and risks further widening inequality unless countries take steps to plan for these changes and ensure growth remains inclusive.
Enabling a sustainable Fourth Industrial Revolution: How G20 countries can cr...eraser Juan José Calderón
Enabling a sustainable Fourth Industrial Revolution:
How G20 countries can create the conditions for emerging
technologies to benefit people and the planet
The document discusses the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which involves emerging technology like artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. It is building upon the Third Industrial Revolution of digital technologies. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will significantly impact economies, businesses, societies, and individuals by automating jobs, requiring new skills, and potentially exacerbating inequality. While it offers opportunities to improve lives, it also poses challenges around workforce disruption, security, and maintaining traditional values and systems. Careful management will be needed to ensure the benefits are widely shared.
The document discusses the impact of Industry 4.0 on jobs. It begins by introducing the four industrial revolutions and the technologies fueling Industry 4.0 like robotics, AI, and IoT. It then examines how employment will be affected, with some jobs at high risk of automation like telemarketers and drivers, while others like healthcare workers are less at risk. It concludes that low-skilled manufacturing and retail jobs will be most vulnerable, while jobs requiring human interaction like managers, teachers, and nurses will be safer and in higher demand. New jobs in areas like AI development, machine operation, and training will also emerge.
World Economic Forum Tipping Points ReportSergey Nazarov
Describes how 10% of global GDP will be on the blockchain and the value of the monumental shift started by Bitcoin.
Features SmartContract.com as The Shift in Action" for blockchain technology.
The book pinpoints that the digital future is exposed to the danger of chaotic, unregulated growth, which constitutes a challenge for countries that still operate according to traditional economic models, and that public thinking in the Arab region in facing challenges still follows the "reaction methodology" and temporary solutions with short-term prospects, and that this is confirmed by the current international indicators of its competitiveness. The book proposes that in order to address this, visions and efforts should be based on strategies driven by scientific methods, and with it the Arab countries must develop a clear understanding of the main challenges before jumping to seize opportunities.
The book shows that it is fundamental for policymakers and decision-makers to have precise and accurate understanding of the intricate details in digital transformation initiatives and the role that modern technologies can play in changing the rules and systems of current practices, and in how to develop digitized, more innovative business models with which to build resilient and sustainable social economies and systems.
The book also draws on the current data and indicators of the global economy and that they are pushing to form a worrying picture of weaknesses in Arab countries, which in turn may threaten the stability of the entire region, especially with regard to the "cognitive decline" and “increasing unemployment rates” and “poor economic performance"; and that these challenges call for dealing with it as key strategic indicators that require urgent action plans; with emphasis that these plans need to be designed to reflect different ways of thinking and adapted to the nature of the requirements and challenges of the 21st century and treat them as forces and positive factors.
The book highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of a set of initial reform projects to encourage the development of more dynamic and developed digital business environments in the Arab region, in parallel with the development of educational systems and healthcare, and strengthening agricultural capabilities to achieve food security targets, and focus on economies based on industry and production, and promoting the development of Arab digital platforms to support e-commerce practices.
Computing comm enhancements_in_modern_comm_netsAnil Sharma
This document discusses the history and evolution of personal computing and communication technologies over the past 50 years. It covers the introduction of personal computers in the 1980s, the rise of software applications and the internet in the 1990s, and the development of networking technologies in the 2000s. The rapid adoption of these technologies on a global scale represented one of the fastest technological diffusions in history. Personal computing spawned a $10 trillion industry and transformed how people work and communicate through seamless collaboration enabled by internet connectivity. Continued advances in areas like artificial intelligence, robotics, and cloud computing are shaping the current world of IT and automation.
This document summarizes a research paper on China's experiences with technology, trade, and inclusive development in the context of globalization. The research examined China's patterns of trade, technology, and investment to analyze their impact on development. It found that while foreign direct investment, trade, and economic growth were in long-run equilibrium, they also created a wide income inequality gap. The researchers conclude it is important for policymakers to address obstacles and improve absorptive capacity to maximize inclusive development and equality.
Evaluation of technology, trade, and inclusive development: Chinese experiencesAkhilesh Chandra Prabhakar
The present study begins by surveying, broadly supports the assertion that technology, trade, sustainability and
development-led globalization is the path in the Chinese context not adequately paid to attention except with very few
original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade, technology,
investment with a view to locate in the development context in the era of globalization. This study also investigates
theories of trade, technology movement under capitalist paradigm along with the empirical one. The survey broadly
supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that China’s socialist market paradigm was not
different from the capitalist mode of production as tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or
significant contributions. Alongside, this study used secondary data and analyzed, where the results confirmed that
foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicated the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium
relationship between them but created income inequality gap widely among people. It is, thus, important for
policymakers to remove obstacles and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximized positive
inclusive development with equality basis.
The advancement of both society and the economy may be traced back to the industrial sector. Businesses and academic institutions alike have shown considerable enthusiasm for the Industry 4.0 initiative. Although “Industry 4.0” as a concept has been explored in academic circles for some time, it is only recently that the term has become popular in both academic and industrial settings. Academic studies, on the other hand, aim to better the industrial sector by clarifying the meaning of the concept and developing relevant systems, business models, and methodologies. Businesses need a thorough understanding of the features and substance of Industry 4.0 in order to make the transition from machine-dominated to digital production. These data will be useful when they formulate a plan. Along this route, there have been many discussions and plans put forth. The rapid progress of industrial science is linked to this ailment. This paper conducts a literature review to investigate the relationship between Industry 4.0 and the development of industrial engineering science, the challenges that this field faces, and the impact that the industrial revolution had on human resources, all of which contributed to the emergence of Industry 4.0. To improve productivity, efficiency, and unemployment, the concept merges digital technologies, the Internet, and conventional industries. Moreover, some of the ramifications concern the detrimental effects of Industry 4.0 on human resources. The fundamental objective is to furnish labor forces with tools by expanding employment and spawning new avenues for business ownership across several industries and institutional configurations
This document discusses how computer technology has impacted work and labor markets in developed countries. It begins by outlining the rapid improvements in computing power and declining costs predicted by Moore's Law. While some argue this heralds a "Second Machine Age" that could automate many jobs and lead to widespread unemployment, others believe technological change is slowing. The document then examines lessons from history on how technological developments have affected employment, finding that overall employment is relatively unchanged as jobs shift between sectors. Computers are shown to contribute more to rising inequality by replacing routine tasks and polarizing the job market. The main policy challenges are changing skill demands and inequality, not mass unemployment.
Similar to DoL_on_4th_Industrial_Revolution.pdf (20)
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
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DoL_on_4th_Industrial_Revolution.pdf
1. A Review of the Impact of the
Fourth Industrial Revolution on
Employment
23 October 2018
2. Background and timeline of industrial
revolution
Over the years there have been distinct transitional changes that have
caused shifts in the speed, quality and organisation of production,
Each transition had its unique contribution to the contemporary world we
live in today,
These transitions were driven by the industrial revolution,
Industrial revolution implied a growth rate increase in industrial production
(Mathias, 2013:12),
To date, the world had seen three waves of industrial revolution before the
4th Industrial Revolution:
First Industrial Revolution (1784)
• Late 18th Century and early 19th Century
• Characterized by Industrialisation
• Use of water and steam to mechanise production
• Advancement to the use of steam engine
The first industrial revolution shifted the production from a previously labour
intensive to a more capital intensive.
3. Background and timeline of industrial
revolution
Second Industrial Revolution (1870)
• Use of electricity for mass production
• Electricity, combustion engine, steel, chemical synthesis, large factories,
assembly lines
Generally, the second industrial revolution can be broadly characterised by
expansion of industries and electrically-powered mass production based on the
division of labour.
Third Industrial Revolution (1969)
• ‘Digital revolution’
• Use of electronics and ICT to automate production
• ICT, internet and computers
While the third industrial revolution is an era of rapid technological progress
associated with the development of information technology. It is in this era that
electronics and information technology was used to further advance
automation.
4. Fourth Industrial Revolution- What is it??
Fourth Industrial Revolution (Era of Cyber-Physical Systems)
The fourth industrial revolution is often referred to as Revolution 4.0),
The term was apparently first used in 2016 by World Economic Forum
(Klaus Schwab),
Dramatic change in pace and scope of automation of tasks previously done
by humans,
Blurring of boundaries between the physical, biological and digital spheres,
Robotics; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT); cyber-physical systems; augmented reality (AR);
virtual reality (VR); biotechnology; nanotechnology; autonomous vehicles;
cloud computing; 3D printing…
Its International diffusion is exponentially faster than earlier industrial
revolutions,
“Estimates of how many jobs are vulnerable to being replaced by machine
vary but it is clear that developing countries are more susceptible to
automation as compared to high-income countries.” (Millington, 2017),
5. How Fourth Industrial Revolution is likely to
Affect Employment
The effect comes in multiple channels:
– Overall number of jobs
– Composition of employment (by skills level, by occupation, by sector
etc.) with certain types of jobs more vulnerable than others,
– Nature of work, work processes and the workplace
Impact on total employment
– Mass technological unemployment,
– Job displacement/destruction and job creation (generally for different
people),
Largenet negative impact for developing economies due to skills
availability
– Effect on incomes and quality of life depends on what happens to
‘surplus’,
– Likely rise of inequality,
6. Which jobs most likely to be affected
The impact depends on degree of automatability–how routine and
codifiableare tasks,
Overall, lower-skilled jobs are more vulnerable than high-skilled, but not
straight correlation,
This is one difference from previous types of automation –some white-collar
jobs now more vulnerable than some blue-collar jobs,
Less vulnerable jobs are those involving creativity, social interaction, high
levels of dexterity, lot of variation amongst tasks,
According to the NDP (2030) RSA is creating more jobs in the services
industry such as Private Security and these are at more risk to be replaced
by R4.0,
R4.0, has the potential to compromise achievements towards Goal 8 of the
Sustainable Development Goals on decent work and economic growth aims
to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustained economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all”.
7. Which jobs most likely to be affected
Technological innovation has been identified as one of the primary drivers
behind unemployment rates,
Typists, cashiers and telephone operators are jobs that have already been
partially replaced by technology,
Pace of technological innovation increasing rapidly, making redundancies
more likely in the future,
Tasks that were previously thought not to be codifiable (e.g. driving) have
been successfully codified,
Computers ideally suited to routine, manual tasks and can play an assistive
role for non-routine, cognitive tasks (Autor et al., 2013),
In the 1960s in the USA, significant shifts in labour demand from routine to
non-routine jobs,
Frey and Osbourne (2017) argue that the scope of automation has
increased rapidly due developments in machine learning and mobile
robotics,
They find that 47% of US jobs are at risk of automation.
8. Which jobs most likely to be affected
Rooney (2017) used the methodology adopted by Frey and Osbourne
(2017) to assess the impact of R4.0 on employment in RSA,
Frey and Osbourne state that with recent technological innovations, almost
every task is (or will be) codifiable, except for what are termed ‘engineering
bottlenecks’,
These bottlenecks do not have clearly identifiable rules and therefore it is
difficult to develop a computer algorithm for them,
Frey and Osbourne computed an automation probability for every
occupation and divide occupations into groups which are at ‘low risk’,
‘medium risk’ and ‘high risk’ of automation based on that occupations
automation probability
–Low Risk: Automation probability of between 0.0 and 0.3
–Medium Risk: Automation probability of between 0.3 and 0.7
–High Risk: An automation probability of greater than 0.7
9. Which jobs most likely to be affected
Rooney (2017) used the Labour Market Dynamics Study (LMDS) 2015 and
Quarterly Labour Force Survey amongst different data sets to simulate an
analysis of the impact of R4.0 on employment in South Africa.
Criteria of selecting the sample for their simulation included–
–Employee
–Formal Sector
–Matching occupational code between SASCO and ISCO-08
–Associated probability with an occupation (one exception was for
‘sweeper and manual labourers’ due to the large number of individuals (865
000) in this role.)
–Total sample size was 10.2 million from the LMDS (from an original
sample size of 11.1 million formal sector employees).
11. Impact of R4.0 By Rooney (2017)
Race
African
M 15.68
H 45.98
L 38.35
Coloured
M 17.19
H 37.85
L 44.95
Indian
M 29.68
H 29.86
L 40.46
White
M 41.77
H 27.39
L 30.83
Gender
Male
M 16.44
H 49.61
L 33.95
Female
M 24.94
H 31.39
L 43.67
12. Impact of R4.0 By Rooney (2017)
Age
15-24 years
M 9.66
H 43.24
L 47.1
25-34 years
M 15.22
H 44.1
L 40.67
35-44 years
M 21.41
H 42.98
L 35.61
45-54 years
M 27.27
H 38.07
L 34.65
55-64 years
M 28.22
H 36.08
L 35.7
65+ years
M 37.72
H 30.03
L 32.24
Province Province
Western Cape North West
M 20.66 M 13.5
H 39.63 H 52.78
L 39.71 L 33.72
Eastern Cape Gauteng
M 22.3 M 21.64
H 35.15 H 40.98
L 42.55 L 37.38
Northern Cape Mpumalanga
M 16.23 M 17.9
H 42.84 H 46.37
L 40.93 L 35.73
Free State Limpopo
M 17.62 M 21.9
H 42.68 H 44.68
L 39.7 L 33.42
KwaZulu-Natal
M 19.04
H 41.31
L 39.65
13. Impact of R4.0 By Rooney (2017)
Industry Industry
Agriculture forestry and fishing Wholesale and retail trade
L 8.47 L 9.69
M 37.38 M 45.29
H 54.15 H 45.02
Mining and quarrying Transport, storage and communication
L 4.73 L 8.29
M 78.72 M 60.17
H 16.55 H 31.53
Manufacturing Financial and business services
L 8.33 L 17.75
M 45.25 M 52.79
H 46.42 H 29.46
Electricity, gas and water Community, social and personal (CSP) services
L 14.51 L 44.84
M 55.2 M 24.8
H 30.29 H 30.36
Construction
L 5.86
M 30.41
H 63.73
14. Impact of R4.0 By Rooney (2017)
The study found Top High Risk Employment located in (in the order of highest
to high:
Community, social and personal (CSP) services
Wholesale and retail trade
Manufacturing
Construction
Finance
15. Implication for Workers’ Unionization
The impact of R 4.0. on employment is evident in industries that absorbs most
of the semi-skilled and unskilled workers in South Africa:
CSP services
Classification Minor Code
Public administration and defence activities 91
Education 92
Health and social work 93
Other community, social and personal service
activities
94
Activities of membership organisations not
elsewhere classified
95
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 96
Other 99
16. Implication for Workers’ Unionization
The impact of R 4.0. on employment is evident in industries that absorbs most
of the semi-skilled and unskilled workers in South Africa:
Wholesale and retail trade (unskilled and semi skilled)
Manufacturing (unskilled and semi skilled)
Construction (unskilled and semi skilled)
Finance (more skilled workforce)
These sectors, with the exception of Finance, are mostly dominated by workers
who need voice representation, mostly vulnerable and the impact of R 4.0 is
directly destroying their opportunities for employment.
Furthermore, R 4.0 has potential impact on inequality and unemployment:
“The National Minimum Wage poses the risk of a steep increase in labour
costs. As a result this manufacturer is looking into increasing automation to
increase the efficiency of current production, whilst saving on labour costs. The
intention is to increase the bottom line so that steep increases in wage do not
lead to workers being let go.”
Trade unions therefore find relevance but for a significant low coverage of
workers post the dawn of 4th industrialization.
17. Concluding remarks and recommendations
80% of jobs are at high or medium risk of being automated,
Females, coloureds, young people (15 –24) and those with no education
are most at risk of seeing their jobs automated,
Absolute job losses (total number of job losses) are likely to be highest in
CSP services, wholesale and retail trade and construction,
Relative job losses (percentage of total employment) are likely to be
highest in construction, agriculture and manufacturing,
R 4.0 brings with it uncertainty and anxiety in the labour market,
Previous industrial revolutions saw displacement of labour due to
technological advancement,
There is a need to incorporate robotics in the work environment, particularly
harmful environment and to improve productivity in order to be prepared to
benefit from R 4.0, the question is “are we ready for the coming production
and service changes?”
18. Concluding remarks and recommendations
Employment outcomes are not cast in stone –policy can influence the situation
to some extent,
The less prepared and proactive a country is, the higher job losses likely to be
• Direct due to changing nature of domestic production
• Indirect due to loss of international market shares
Policy focus should be on
• Minimising job losses, and
• Reskilling workers in vulnerable jobs.