Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to IMPACT AND CHALLEGES OF INDUSTRY 4.0.pptx
Similar to IMPACT AND CHALLEGES OF INDUSTRY 4.0.pptx (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
IMPACT AND CHALLEGES OF INDUSTRY 4.0.pptx
- 3. The Impact of Industry 4.0 on Jobs INTRODUCTION & WELCOME TO THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. THE FIRST THREE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SCOPE & BREADTH OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES FUELING INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGY EXAMPLE WHAT HAPPENS WITH EMPLOYMENT WHO LOSES , WHO GAINS? CONCLUSION
- 4. First Three Industrial Revolution The fourth industrial Revolution Introduction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution Scope & Breadth of Industry 4.0 Technologies Fuelling Industry 4.0 Technology Example
- 5. FIRST THREE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOULTION (~ 1765 to 1840) Steam Power Rise of the Factory System Machine tools, chemical manufacturing, iron production SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (~ 1870 to 1914) Rapid industrialization Electricity, telephone, rail Increased inter-connectedness THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1970 to today) Rise of electronics Microprocessors, telecommunications, automation
- 6. THE “FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION” The fourth industrial revolution refers to the fusion of technologies in the physical, digital and biological domains leading to the creation of new technologies that will usher in a new industrial era characterised by exponential growth, inter – connectedness, increased human productivity and the blurring of the lines between man and machine.
- 7. THE “FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION”
- 8. SCOPE AND BREADTH OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Technologies and paradigms driving FIR will have impact across sectors – society, government, logistics, healthcare, service provision, business etc. Players upstream & downstream of manufacturing will have to adapt This massive predicted change could have social, ethical and distributional issues Critical that broader society, NGO’s, Media etc are well informed and engaged
- 9. TECHNOLOGIES FUELING INDUSTRY 4.0 Advanced Robotics Big Data & Analytics Simulation Augmented Reality Digital Integration Advanced Manufacturing Cloud Computing Internet of Things
- 10. TECHNOLOGY EXAMPLE – SMART PLACES FIRE FLOODING SINK HOLES RADIATION AIR QUALITY & GASES URBAN MAPPING SOLAR ENERGY WATER LEAKAGE SHIP TRAFFIC WATER QUALITY URBAN CHANGE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
- 11. TECHNOLOGY EXAMPLE – FUTURE HEALTHCARE
- 12. WHAT HAPPENS WITH EMPLOYMENT WHO LOSES , WHO GAINS?
- 15. What Happens with Employment One of the biggest fears related to the Industry 4.0 is that the robots and the artificial intelligence will replace the human factor in work leading to the “technological unemployment.” A world Economic forum study support that 47% of jobs in the United States may be at risk of automation in 2020. concluded that about 7 million jobs are at risk in the next 5 years . People may be more concerned about what types of jobs are at high risk than specific Numbers. So which jobs are at greatest risk? What jobs will be safe in the future?
- 16. Employment by risk category in US.
- 17. What Happens with Employment 1. Telemarketers 2. Library Technicians 3. Driver/Sales Workers 4. Credit Analysts 5. Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 6. Cargo and Freight Agents 7. Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 8. Tax Preparers 9. Data Entry Keyers 10.Manufacturing operators Top 10 Risky Occupation being automated in the future Top 10 Safe Occupations of being less probability of being Computerized 1. Education Administrators 2. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 3. Healthcare Social Workers 4. Dietitians and Nutritionists 5. First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives 6. Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 7. Emergency Management Directors 8. Recreational Therapists 9. Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers 10.Machine Trainer and Repairs
- 18. What Happens with Employment
- 19. What Happens with Employment
- 20. Who Loses, Who Gains? There are various factors that could expose workers at the risk of automation. A low work experience is such a factor and mainly concerns young people who usually work as unskilled staff in routine positions that could be easily automated. Low levels of education and training is another crucial factor. Highly educated and highly specialized employees are less threatened by unemployment due to automation in contrast to low-skilled staff, whose tasks can be easily automated
- 21. Routine jobs with a high volume of tasks related to information exchange, sales, data management, product transfer and storage, constructions, and office work are more exposed to the risk of automation. Construction and Manufacturing and Wholesale and Retail Trade , Transportation and storage” are the professional sectors that are expected to be highly automated until 2030, with an estimated automation of approximately 45 and 34%, respectively Who Loses, Who Gains?
- 22. On the other hand, the risk of automation is lower for jobs with high educational requirements, the tasks of which demand high communicative and cognitive skills. Health and education are the professional sectors with the lowest estimated rates of automation “Human health and social work” and “Education” are the most protected against the automation risk implying that there are tasks such as teaching and nursing that cannot be replaced by machines. Who Loses, Who Gains?
- 23. Share of workers at high automation risk by education level. Who Loses, Who Gains?
- 24. Potential impact of job automation across industry sectors. Education Human health & Social work Transportation & Storage Manufacturing
- 25. Who Loses? Firstly, the jobs that are most at risk are those which “are on some level routine, repetitive and predictable "Sectors like manufacturing, logistics and retail and wholesale and some of the lower skilled occupations within are the most vulnerable to being replaced by some technology or machinery or robots Telemarketing, for example, which ranks the first according to The Future of Employment report, has a 99% probability of automation Library technicians, whose responsibilities are to compile records, sort and shelve books, remove or repair damaged books, register patrons, and check materials in and out of the circulation process, also have a 99% probability of automation
- 26. Who Loses? Secondly, jobs that were once regarded as secure jobs, such as office workers, administrative personnel, and even law, will be hit hardest. Thirdly, jobs based on big data analysis, such as credit analysts, financial advisers, mathematical technicians, will face huge risks Computers have a distinct advantage over the human brain in dealing with big data. Computers can store, access, analyze, interpret and draw meaningful inferences from big data with more accuracy and efficiency than the human brain. Moreover, The “Gig Economy”, a labour market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs, may become more and more common as part of the evolution of job flexibility
- 27. Who Gains? Since the trend towards the development of artificial intelligence appears inevitable, artificial intelligence developers are likely to become very popular. AI testers will test intelligent robots, spotting problems and errors, and correcting error codes especially in the early stages Jobs requiring a level of human interaction or guiding robot behavior will be very popular in the future, such as first-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers and first-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators In the future, there may be machine trainers who teach machines to work better. Preparing the necessary data sets in advance is essential for any artificial intelligence. The jobs need high interpersonal skills, teamwork and leadership, which computers cannot go beyond, such as dealing with coordination of people and communication, and divergent communications
- 28. Who Gains? new demand for a range of occupations, including doctors, nurses, and health technicians but also home-health aides, personal-care aides, and nursing assistants Jobs that are highly unpredictable would be very difficult to be replaced by robots and machines, such as emergency management directors and repairers. They are technically difficult to automate because machines are good at repetitive tasks The last area is occupations on training and education Work that requires a high degree of imagination, creative analysis, and strategic thinking is harder to automate
- 29. ONE MACHINE CAN DO THE WORK OF FIFTY ORDINARY MEN , NO MACHINE CAN DO THE WORK OF ONE EXTRAORDINARY MAN – “Elbert Hubbard”
Editor's Notes
- So starting off with an introduction to this space. The Fourth Industrial revolution is a very complex space and any introduction to it will probably neglect some aspect. I hope to give you at least some insight to what we’re talking about. As I go through this I will try give examples all the way through but I want each of you to start thinking how this may impact your life. Again I want to itterate that this is not theory, this is not some western world strategy – this is a phenomenon that is already happening.
- But we need to first look back to understand why this is considered an industrial revolution. It is widely accepted that we have had 3 industrial revolutions so far. The first was driven by the advent of steam power and then the mechanized loom at the end of the 18th century. ~This first revolution then went on to be characterized by the rise of the factory system as the main economic generator instead of agriculture. Later on it saw the introduction of machine tools and innovations in chemical manufacturing and iron production. The onset of the first Industrial Revolution is considered the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants. After a period of declining productivity in the mid 1800’s and building on the innovations of the first industrial revolution, we saw the initiation of the second industrial revolution. It was sparked so to speak by the introduction of electricity and later the combustion engine. It was also assisted, particularly in Europe and the US initially by an ever increasing rail network and the telephone creating ever more connectedness enabling large organizations to be developed and leading to rapid industrialization. The third industrial revolution was the era of electronics in the mid to late 1900’s. We saw the development of microprocessors, computers and automation. Importantly we also saw massive improvements in telecommunications so now we started seeing more global communication and interaction. This revolution is in essence still happening today, but we are in a transition to a new future with a new set of rules and drivers. Before I move on I want to make a few points. First, each of these first 3 revolutions were built on production and productivity – how do you makes clothes faster, how do you make cars better and faster, how do you maximise profit. The producer defined a product, built it and the consumer bought it. This will become relevant soon. The second point is nature of the revolution – each of them were initiated by a distinct innovation that changed the game – steam, electricity, information technology. This new revolution is different.
- The fourth industrial revolution is a fusion of technologies, not initiated by a single technology. It is a vision of the future where we see a fusion of physical, digital and biological worlds. There are a number of evolving technologies which can be combined to develop a new industrial era. In this future we will see increased growth, increased connectedness and increased human productivity – much like the previous two revolutions but on the basis of both new technologies and the integration of these technologies. This revolution is not the rise of the machines – no more than the first or third revolutions were. The big difference is that the fourth industrial revolution will be characterised by increased productivity but will not be driven by productivity. The fourth industrial revolution will be driven more by the needs of the consumer – convenience, customization, the user experience.
- Again I iterate that this is not just about industry. Industry 4.0 is merely a term coined by the Germans to speak to their aspiration for their manufacturing sector. This technological development will effect all areas of our lives, from our homes, to our workplaces, to our personal lives. Players upstream and downstream of manufacturing will need to adapt. We also need to understand that we are in a increasingly globalized community and will have to adapt to this. In the background, we also have to consider the ethical and social implications of the choices we make and the technologies that we utilize. So it is important that from the very beginning we have all the roleplayers involved.
- So lets talk technology. What is it that is shaping the fourth industrial revolution. Various thought leaders talk to different technological drivers of the fourth industrial revolution, and indeed there are many, but I feel that these 8 are the most disruptive and will be the most pervasive. First I want to be very clear that this is not a technological revolution based on a single or a few technological breakthroughs. Individually, ewach of these technological areas have been developing over time, they have been evolving. The revolution as we will see later is in the integration of these technologies to address a particular societal need. Robotics for instance is not new – they’ve been around since the last century. Previously though any action that a robot did was programmed by a human. Wht we’re seeing now in the age of artificial intelligence and machine learning, is that increasingly robots have the ability to analyse, interpret and act on data. They can make a judgement call based on the facts presented to them. In that aspect, in the routine aspect of data analysis and subsequent actions, robots are more efficient than humans. What they cannot do though is intgrate environmental factors, emotions, sentiment into their calculations. Big data – we have been generating increasing volumes of data – mostly useless because there is no way of making sense of it. The evolution in this field is the ability to make sense of that data and represent it in a way that can be actioned without human interface. Simulation is going to be a big area, whether it’s the simulation in cyberspace of an environment, or of a product or of production process. This area will be a critical cost saver, particularly in product development and production design. Augmented reality is going to become more common place – not just for games and movies. Augmented reality is laready being used for virtual training, for performing operations remotely. Digital integration is probably a central dogma of the fourth industrial revolution along with cloud computing and the internet of things. Everything around will be connected in some way or another and will have both a physical representation and a digital presence. The movie the Matrix was not actually far off in that it depicted a world which was in fact merely a digital version of the real world. Finally there is advanced manufacturing which I will tlk to in one of my examples. So lets move into those.
- Smart places – as I said, everything around us will be connected through a network of sensors that is interconnected through the internet of things and managed through the cloud so that information on any particular component or on the system as a whole can be accessed at any time. More than that, the information generated will be analysed autonomously and in real time so that we, as the inhabitants can react almost immediately or plan appropriately. WE are currently developing a number of tools that can assist with efficient town planning to efficient service delivery, security and monitoring of any particular space. So without having boiats patrolling our shores continuously we can be notified that there is a suspicious vessel in our space and deploy an investigation. From or flood and fire warning systems we can notify people well ahead of time of impending disasters and react appropriately. We will have integrated energy production and usage systems and similarly with our water distribution system. What this all talks to is a more efficient, safer environment for us to live and work in.
- Health care – we are predicting that People will live to the age of 140 within a few decades, hospitals will be transformed into mere casualty rooms as patient self-management of health becomes the norm, 5G-connected ambulances will save millions of lives by accessing digitized trauma data and performing procedures in transit. Already cancers are being detected months earlier than before, thanks to small, wearable health-monitoring devices. Computer vision is allowing the visually impaired to “see”; dyslexia sufferers are reading and surgeons are rehearsing complicated operations in a holographic-robotics environment. This collision means more and better medicines are being delivered faster to sick people, while biological sensors have dramatically improved diagnosis. One significant trend is that of preventative medicine rather than reactive medicine. More and more people are choosing to take care of themselves instead of treating themselves and technology will greatly assist this. Particularly the area of wearables will become more and more common place. Already many of us have a watch or a phone that monitors our step count, calories and heart rate. In the future these will link into a cloud system and be able to warn your loved ones and or emergency personnel that something is drastically wrong based on your heart rhythm, breathing, blood chemistry or some other diagnostic tool. And that’s just one type – we already seeing smart eyeware, advanced hearing implements and next generation protective equipment. Increasingly we will see smart clothing that will have sensors imbedded in the material or footware that tells you when to get a new pair or if your posture is right. These all give us the ability to manage our own health rather than only reacting when we get sick or injured. The area of hospital administration is also being transformed, with real-time interactive recording of patient outcomes dramatically reducing bureaucracy and costs,” Care will become increasingly personalized as the particular, often unique, issues of individuals are identified. Doctors will remain essential in detailed diagnosis and care regimes.