“Does protesting ever change anything?” External outcomes - changes in policy, media coverage, media frames, change in leadership. Internal outcomes - movements on movements - spillover, diffusion, waves of protest, changed frames, movement generations, changed repertoire, changed organizational form, capacity, resources. Outcomes External outcomes - changes in policy, media coverage, media frames, change in leadership. Internal outcomes - movements on movements - spillover, diffusion, waves of protest, changed frames, movement generations, changed repertoire, changed organizational form, capacity, resources. Outcomes of movements External (elaborated) Policy – to change, establish or stop Process – to change, establish or eliminate institutions Rights Laws To change values or culture To give power to less powerful group/to remove power from more powerful group Change public opinion To change distribution of resources To promote a leader To establish a new identity Likelihood of External Impact affected by 1. Political Context – Opportunity or Threat Limited democracy - timing - relations 2. Nature of issue More difficult to make change on: Issues closely tied to structure of power – Where high levels of political or material resources at stake Military Strong public opinion 3. Capacity of Movement 4. Tactics 5. Organizational Form Internal Outcomes of Protest on MovementsIndividualOrganizationMovementEmotionSkills/CognitionRelational TiesCapacity Patterns of Protest: Trajectories of Participation (Corrigall-Brown 2012)Individual factorsInitial engagementIntermediary mechanismsOutcomeIdeology   Biographical availability   Resources   Social networks  Organizational context Level of hierarchy Issue scope Relational context Intensity of social InteractionSocial ties (type and number)     Identity (type and strength)Persistence   Transfer   Abeyance   Disengagement Outcomes of Contentious Politics (Suh 2012) Individuals, Organizations, Movements, Authorities and Public Perceptions - direct and indirect outcomes - intended and unintended - internal and external - short term and longer term - perceived and actual Summit Protests Relatively large Convergence of movements, demands, tactical approaches Attract outside actors Frequently involve highly visible repression High visibility Summit Protests as Eventful Events “Interactions within these mobilizations create mutual knowledge, trust and friendship, and feelings of solidarity that facilitate shifts in identity, networks and practice… (della Porta 2008). Outcomes of Protest on MovementsIndividualOrganizationMovementEmotionSkills/CognitionRelational TiesCapacity Method Pittsburgh – Suzanne Staggenborg and Rachel Kutz-Flamenbaum Toronto – Lesley Wood and Glenn Stalker Participant observation of organizing process Surveys of participants in protest (N1=300, N2=320) Follow up interviews with organizers Ongoing participant observation .

1. “Does protesting ever change anything?”
External outcomes - changes in policy, media coverage, media
frames, change in leadership.
Internal outcomes - movements on movements - spillover,
diffusion, waves of protest, changed frames, movement
generations, changed repertoire, changed organizational form,
capacity, resources.
Outcomes
External outcomes - changes in policy, media coverage, media
frames, change in leadership.
Internal outcomes - movements on movements - spillover,
diffusion, waves of protest, changed frames, movement
generations, changed repertoire, changed organizational form,
capacity, resources.
Outcomes of movements External (elaborated)
Policy – to change, establish or stop
Process – to change, establish or eliminate institutions
Rights
Laws
To change values or culture
To give power to less powerful group/to remove power from
more powerful group
Change public opinion
To change distribution of resources

2. To promote a leader
To establish a new identity
Likelihood of External Impact affected by
1. Political Context – Opportunity or Threat
Limited democracy
- timing
- relations
2. Nature of issue
More difficult to make change on:
Issues closely tied to structure of power –
Where high levels of political or material resources at stake
Military
Strong public opinion
3. Capacity of Movement
4. Tactics
5. Organizational Form
Internal Outcomes of Protest on
MovementsIndividualOrganizationMovementEmotionSkills/Cog
nitionRelational TiesCapacity

3. Patterns of Protest: Trajectories of Participation (Corrigall-
Brown 2012)Individual factorsInitial engagementIntermediary
mechanismsOutcomeIdeology
Biographical availability
Resources
Social networks
Organizational context
Level of hierarchy
Issue scope
Relational context
Intensity of social InteractionSocial ties (type and number)
Identity (type and strength)Persistence
Transfer
Abeyance
Disengagement
Outcomes of
Contentious Politics (Suh 2012)
Individuals, Organizations, Movements, Authorities and Public
Perceptions
- direct and indirect outcomes
- intended and unintended
- internal and external
- short term and longer term

4. - perceived and actual
Summit Protests
Relatively large
Convergence of movements, demands, tactical approaches
Attract outside actors
Frequently involve highly visible repression
High visibility
Summit Protests as Eventful Events
“Interactions within these mobilizations create mutual
knowledge, trust and friendship, and feelings of solidarity that
facilitate shifts in identity, networks and practice… (della Porta
2008).
Outcomes of Protest on
MovementsIndividualOrganizationMovementEmotionSkills/Cog
nitionRelational TiesCapacity
Method
Pittsburgh – Suzanne Staggenborg and Rachel Kutz-
Flamenbaum

5. Toronto – Lesley Wood and Glenn Stalker
Participant observation of organizing process
Surveys of participants in protest (N1=300, N2=320)
Follow up interviews with organizers
Ongoing participant observation
Pittsburgh 2009Toronto 2010 Demographic profile of
cityIndustrial city, 305K, 66% white Global City, 2.6M, 50%
whiteDemographic profile of protesters10% in thirties
58% local
17% POC
23% never attended activist event
18% had attended more than 15 protests in past 5 yrs.
Top 3 movement identities - environmental, human rights and
peace movements30% in thirties
67% local
27% POC
27% never attended activist event
34% had attended more than 15 protests in past 5 yrs.
Top 3 movement identities - human rights, global justice, peace
movements.Summit protest organizingGenerational divide
- older peace and justice activists with Thomas Merton Center
- younger anarchistsCentral organizing body – - - Toronto
Community Mobilization Network
G20 Protests
Pittsburgh
Multiple days of protest
Largest march 6000
$50,000 (USD) of property destruction

6. 180 arrests, use of less lethal weapons
Toronto
Multiple days of protest
Largest march 10,000
$750,000 (CDN) property destruction
1100 arrests, use of less lethal weapons, infiltration
Samples
Pittsburgh 26
6 months after - 26 activists
4-6 years after - follow up with 13/26;
4 years after – student research on 17;
Ongoing ethnography on the environmental movement in
Pittsburgh 2010-15
Toronto 20
Three years after - 20 activists (2013)
Shared perceived outcomes
External - changed public opinion on G20, police
External – some influence on media framing
Internal -
Built new networks amongst communities and movements
Altered the strategic and tactical preferences of activists
Increased skills and capacity of the movements, organizations
and activists
Exhausted and burned out existing activists – increased fear,

7. Mobilized new people
Bonded existing activists – created a ‘movement generation’
Affected new campaigns
Networks
“Certainly people like myself, who were newer-- are way more
connected in the city and know what organizations are doing
what who to contact if you need to speak on this thing or I know
this person has that skill or whatever.”
Changed Approach to Activism
I've also noticed that because of some of my experiences of
being scared by the state and seeing their immense power in
being able to remove me from spaces that I want to exist in, I
have done less--how do I put this?--I'm much more cautious
about getting together with people to talk about doing actions
that I might have otherwise done before. I'm much more
thoughtful about who I organize with.
Mobilize/demobilize
“So something like the G20, it raises people’s energy and it
consumes people’s energy”

8. Differences in perceived outcomes
Pittsburgh
Relational outcome of bridging pre-existing generational,
tactical and issue oriented divides
Toronto
Centrality of arrests and legal support in post-G20 context made
repression, trauma and burnout central to perceptions of
outcome
Fear and Trauma
Speaking of the effect of infiltration at G20 “In the first year,
people were really afraid”
“So I think that what happened was really, really terrible and
really scary and really messed people up, … and we can really
hurt each other when we’re hurting, and I think that happened”
New campaigns
“We’ve formed a politics around emotional justice work and
prison abolition work and radical support work that I didn’t
really hear people talk about before.”
Changing outcomes through time
Pittsburgh
Immediate Post-G20 Euphoria; new activists, new
collaborations; new infrastructure; conflict; burnout
Year later – decline in new energy; some new collaborations

9. collapse; recovery from burnout
Four years later – collaborative relations endure, ‘movement
generation’, models and tools cited.
Toronto
Immediate post-G20 trauma for existing activists; euphoria for
new activists, new collaborations, new campaigns
Year later – fear abates, some recovery from trauma, crisis
abates, more demobilization and conflict; new campaigns start
to falter
Four years later – collaborative relations endure, ‘movement
generation’, models and tools cited; ongoing work on policing
and healing.
Main Outcomes of G20 Summit
ProtestIndividualOrganizationMovementEmotionFear,
burnoutEnthusiasm, FearSkills/CognitionChanged approachSkill
buildingSkill buildingRelational TiesIncreased
friendshipsIncreased alliancesNew coalitions, alliances,
relationshipsCapacityDemobilization/
mobilizationIncreased, decreasedShort term strengthening,
medium term weakening, recovery and strengthening
Implications
1. Internal outcomes need to be understood across scales of
action.
2. Internal protest outcomes can be disaggregated into
emotional, cognitive, relational and re: capacity; at the level of
individual, organizational and movement.
3. Internal outcomes change through time.

10. Rameau
“One of our political objectives in taking back the land was
building a new society, one in which people were valued over
profits and material things. Throughout the existence of Umoja
Village, we wrung our hands and gnashed our teeth over the
thought that we had not done enough to root this ideal in our
portion of the world.” 126
“Even with the will to fight, the truth was that our power was
significantly diminished by the fact that we were off of the
land. Our leverage and power emanated from our physical
occupation of the land, with the residents prepared to fight for
their homes and supporters willing to help.”
“The debate brought two movement tendencies to the surface.
First: as the opposition, it is difficult for us to accept victory,
even when we win. Virtually any settlement between us and our
political targets can be interpreted as a sell out simply because
there is an agreement or because those in power no longer stand
against the demand. Consequently, we as a movement must
clearly define what constitutes victory.” 134
Organizing -
Short term, medium term, long term goals.
Identify challenges
Context

11. Capacity
Issue
Identify strengths of organizing projects
- context
- capacity
- issue