This document discusses the principles of classifying English vowel sounds. It identifies five key principles: stability of articulation, position of the tongue, position of the lips, length of vowels, and degree of tenseness and character of the vowel end. Under these principles, vowels are classified as monophthongs, diphthongoids, or diphthongs depending on the stability of articulation. They are also classified based on the horizontal and vertical position of the tongue, whether the lips are rounded or unrounded, if they are long or short, and the degree of tenseness and character of their end.
Maun Sadhu
Head & Assistant Professor
Department of English
C.U. Shah Institute of Computer Application
C.U. Shah Institute of Science
maunsadhu@gmail.com
Maun Sadhu
Head & Assistant Professor
Department of English
C.U. Shah Institute of Computer Application
C.U. Shah Institute of Science
maunsadhu@gmail.com
1. Ma. Martha Manette A. Madrid, Ed.D. Professor College of Teacher Education Panpacific University North Philippines Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, Philippines martzmonette@yahoo.com
2. Besides a brain (and the knowledge of the language), what do you need to use the spoken language? These are the speech organs.
3. Lips - they serve for creating different sounds - mainly the labial, bilabial (e.g. /p/, /b/, /m/, /hw/, and /w/) and labio-dental consonant sounds (e. g. /f/ and /v/ - and thus create an important part of the speech apparatus.
4. Upper Lip Lower Lip
5. - small whitish structures found in jaws - responsible for creating sounds mainly the labio-dental (e.g. /f/ and /v/and lingua-dental (e.g. /ð/and /θ/)
6. Teeth
7. tongue - with its wide variety of possible movements, it assists in forming the sounds of speech.
8. TONGUE Back Middle(Dorsum) Front(Blade) Tip(Apex)
9. Alveolar ridge - hard ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is between the roof of the mouth and the upper teeth.
10. For the sound /s/, air from the lungs passes continuously through the mouth, but the tongue is raised sufficiently close to the alveolar ridge (the section of the upper jaw containing the tooth sockets) to cause friction as it partially blocks the air that passes.
11. Alveolar Ridge
12. Hard palate a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. the interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/, /d/, and /j/.
13. Hard Palate
14. Velum (soft palate) - it should have holes forming that function during speech to separate the oral cavity (mouth) from the nose, in order to produce the oral speech sounds. If this separation is incomplete, air escapes through the nose during speech and the speech is perceived as hyper nasal.
15. Velum or Soft Palate
16. Uvula - it functions in tandem with the back of the throat, the palate, and air coming up from the lungs to create a number of guttural and other sounds. - In many languages, it closes to prevent air escaping through the nose when making some sounds.
17. Uvula
18. Glottis combination of vocal folds and space in between the folds as the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a “buzzing” quality to the speech called voice or voicing or pronunciation. sound production involving only the glottis is called glottal. Example is the sound /h/.
19. Glottis
20. SPEECH ORGANS Alveolar ridge Hard Palate Soft Palate Upper lip Uvula Lower lip Back Middle(Dorsum) Teeth Front(Blade) Tip (Apex) Glottis
21. THANK YOU
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1. English vowels. Principles of
classification
Prepared by: Adylbekova Ainazik
Prepared for: Andashova R.
Ministry of education and science of Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz state university named after I. Arabaev
2. Contents
Introduction. Vowel sounds. Principles
The stability of artiulation
The position of the tongue
The length of the vowels
The degree of tenseness and the character of the end of
a vowel
4. Vowels
Sounds of speech, during the articulation of which the air flow passes
freely through the pharyngeal and oral cavity, and the vocal cords are
shifted and vibrate, are called vowels. Vowels are sounds produced
by the voice (tone).
5. The Principles of classification
Principles
Stability of
articulation
The position
of the lips
The position
of the tongue
The Length
of the vowels
The degree of
tenseness and
character of the
vowel end
6. diphthongoids
Vowel sounds having slightly changing articulation:
[ｉ:], [ｕ:]
diphthongs
The complex sounds consisting of two elements
(nucleus and glide):
narrow [eɪ, əʊ, ɪə, eə, ʊə]
wide [aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ]
The stability of articulation
monophthongs
They are pure vowels, the articulation is almost
unchanging: [ɪ, e, ӕ, a :, ɒ, ɔ :, ʊ, ʌ, ɜ :, ə]
7. The position of the tongue
Vowels
(according to the horizontal movements of the tongue)
front central back
Vowels
(according to the vertical movements of the tongue)
high mid low
8. front
/i:, e, æ/ /eı, ε∂, aı/
front-retracted /ı/ /ı∂/
Vowels
mixed or central /∂, ɜ:/
back-advanced
/ʌ, u, a:/ /ou, u∂/
back
/o, o:, u:/ /oı/
11. It refers to how high or low our tongue is. Thus we
can say that /i/ is a high vowel sound, /e/ is
intermediate, and /a/ is low. You may notice the
movement of the tongue if you pronounce these
12. [ ɒ, ɔ :, ʊ, u:] [i:, ɪ, e, ӕ, a :, ʌ, ɜ :, ə]
The position of the lips
Vowels
Rounded Unrounded
13.
14. [i:, a :, ɜ :, ɔ :, u:] [ɪ, e, ӕ, ʌ, ə, ɒ, ʊ]
The length of the vowels
Vowel
Long Short
15. The degree of tenseness and the character of the end of a vowel
According to the
degree of muscular tension
tense lax
According to the
character of the end
free checked
16. The degree of muscular tension & the
character of the vowel end
[i:, a :, ɜ :,
ɔ :, u:, eɪ,
əʊ, ɪə,
eə, ʊə,
aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ]
[ɪ, e, ӕ,
ʌ, ə, ɒ,
ʊ]
monophtho
ngs,
diphthongoi
ds,
diphthongs
stressed
and
unstressed
short
vowels
under stress
followed by
a consonant
Tense
vowels
Lax
vowels
Free
vowels
Checked
vowels
