A highly information packed facts, figures etc to prove the need of wildlife, existence in previous eras and their essentiality in the future through a series of easy to understand format, story, texts, arts and facts!!! Really helpful for building any kind of project on this topic for any level!!!

2. .
Anshuman Mishra
Ashutosh Muduly
Avipsa Bhujabal
Ayusha Kar
Biswaprakash Bahinipati
Lipsa Panda
Nibedita Das
Pratik Mohanty
Swapnil Mohanty
Swayam Jeet Das
Ujwal Jyot Panda

3. Acknowledgement
Introduction
Animal rights
Animal welfare
Animal rights vs animal welfare
Cruelty
More exploitations
Myths behind animal breeding
Infringement of animal rights
Reasons behind animal abuse
Should animals have right?
Animals right to freedom
Position of animal rights on use of animals by humans
Balance between animals and plants
Economic neccessity for farmers to provide human care to farm animals
Need to spread awareness
Responsibilities as a student
Role of individuals in wildlife conservation
Animal protection in indian constitution
Initiatives by govt.
Govt. organizations
Role of govt. organizations
Role of non govt. organizations
Answers of common questions
Story of an animal hero
Glimpses and photos
Poster on save animals
Letter to the editor
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4. We would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to our teachers who gave us this
golden opportunity to study and know more
about rights of animals.
As well as our principal desrves a high rank of
thanks as he gave us the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic which
also helped us in doing a lot of Research but
also we came to know about so many new
things we are really thankful to him.
Secondly we would also like to thank our
parents who helped us a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
1

5. Animal rights is the idea that some, or all, non-
human animals are entitled to the possession
of their own lives and that their most basic
interests—such as the need to avoid
suffering—should be afforded the same
consideration as similar interests of human
beings. Advocates oppose the assignment of
moral value and fundamental protections on
the basis of species membership alone—an
idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when
the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—
arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any
other. They maintain that animals should no
longer be viewed as property or used as food,
clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or
beasts of burden.
2

6. 3

7. Animal welfare is the well-being of animals. The standards of "good" animal welfare vary
considerably between different contexts. These standards are under constant review and are
debated, created and revised by animal welfare groups, legislators and academics
worldwide.[1][2] Animal welfare science uses various measures, such
as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, and reproduction,[3] although
there is debate about which of these indicators provide the best information.
Concern for animal welfare is often based on the belief that non-human animals
are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially
when they are under the care of humans.[4] These concerns can include how animals
are slaughtered for food, how they are used in scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in
zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild
species.
Animal welfare was a concern of some ancient civilizations but began to take a larger place
in Western public policy in 19th-century Great Britain. In the 21st century, it is a significant focus
of interest in science, ethics, and animal welfare organizations.
There are two forms of criticism of the concept of animal welfare, coming from diametrically
opposite positions. One view, dating back centuries, asserts that animals are not consciously
aware and hence are unable to experience poor (or good) welfare. This once-dominant
argument is at odds with the predominant view of modern neuroscientists, who,
notwithstanding philosophical problems with the definition of consciousness even in humans,
now generally hold that animals are conscious.[5][6] However, some still maintain that
consciousness is a philosophical question that may never be scientifically resolved.[7]
4

8. Animal welfare theories accept that animals
have interests but allow these interests to be
traded away as long as there are some human
benefits that are thought to justify that
sacrifice.
Animal rights means that animals, like humans,
have interests that cannot be sacrificed or
traded away just because it might benefit
others. However, the rights position does not
hold that rights are absolute; an animal’s
rights, just like those of humans, must be
limited, and rights can certainly conflict.
Animal rights means that animals are not ours
to use for food, clothing, entertainment, or
experimentation. Animal welfare allows these
uses as long as “humane” guidelines are
followed.
5

9. Imagine living inside a locked closet without any control over any aspect of your life. You can’t
choose when and what you eat, how you will spend your time, whether or not you will have a
partner and children, or who that partner will be. You can’t even decide when the lights go on
and off.
Think about spending your entire life like this, a prisoner, even though you have committed no
crime. This is life for an animal in a laboratory. It is deprivation, isolation, and misery.
On top of the deprivation, there are the experiments. U.S. law allows animals to be burned,
shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, drowned, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. No
experiment, no matter how painful or trivial, is prohibited – and pain-killers are not
required. Even when alternatives to the use of animals are available, the law does not require
that they be used—and often they aren’t.
On today’s factory farms, animals are crammed by the thousands into filthy, windowless sheds
and stuffed into wire cages, metal crates, and other torturous devices. These animals will never
raise their families, root around in the soil, build nests, or do anything that is natural and
important to them. Most won’t even feel the warmth of the sun on their backs or breathe fresh
air until the day they’re loaded onto trucks headed for slaughterhouses.
The factory farming industry strives to maximize output while minimizing costs—always at the
animals’ expense. The giant corporations that run most factory farms have found that they can
make more money by squeezing as many animals as possible into tiny spaces, even though
many of the animals die from disease or infection.(CONTD.)
6

10. Animals on factory farms endure constant fear and torment:
They’re often given so little space that they can’t even turn around or lie down comfortably.
Egg-laying hens are kept in small cages, chickens and pigs are kept in jam-packed sheds, and
cows are kept on crowded, filthy feedlots.
Antibiotics are used to make animals grow faster and to keep them alive in the unsanitary
conditions. Research shows that factory farms’ widespread use of antibiotics can lead to
antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health.
Most factory-farmed animals have been genetically manipulated to grow larger or to produce
more milk or eggs than they naturally would. Some chickens grow so unnaturally large that their
legs cannot support their outsized bodies, and they suffer from starvation or dehydration when
they can’t walk to reach food and water.
When they’ve grown large enough to slaughter or their bodies have been worn out from
producing milk or eggs, animals raised for food are crowded onto trucks and transported for
miles through all weather extremes, typically without food or water. At the slaughterhouse,
those who survived the transport will have their throats slit, often while they’re still conscious.
Many remain conscious when they’re plunged into the scalding-hot water of the defeathering or
hair-removal tanks or while their bodies are being skinned or hacked apart.
7

11. Breeding Pit Bulls
Caged Birds
Catch-and-Release Fishing
Chaining Dogs
Crating Dogs and Puppies
Declawing Cats
Electric-Shock Training for Dogs
Feral Cats
Life-Taking Charities
‘No-Kill’ Shelters
‘Outdoor Cats’
‘Pets’
There’s No Such Thing as a ‘Responsible
Breeder’
Zoos
MORE
EXPLOITATIONS
8

12. Myth #1: “My family needs a young puppy or kitten, not an old, ‘secondhand’ animal.”
Fact: Most pet stores get their “stock” from puppy mills and other sources that raise animals in unspeakably cruel conditions, and each purchase
motivates these places to breed more. If your heart is set on a puppy or kitten, animal shelters have plenty of healthy and happy young animals
to choose from. And consider this: For many people, the best choice for a new animal companion is actually an adult dog or cat. Adult animals
are calmer and less destructive, and you can see exactly what you’re signing up for in terms of personality, size, and energy level. Animal shelters
are a great place to find that perfect match.
Myth #2: “But isn’t it a good thing to rescue that puppy from the pet store?”
Fact: It’s a simple matter of supply and demand. As you take your new puppy home, the empty cage at the store will be filled with another puppy
from the same puppy mill. Only when customers stop buying will the suffering end.
Myth #3: “The animal shelter is so depressing compared to the pet store-I just can’t go there.”
Fact: If you think it’s depressing, imagine what it’s like for the animals who have been abandoned there. When you adopt an animal from an
animal shelter, you have the satisfaction of saving a life–nothing depressing about that! The pet store is actually an awful place if you think about
where those cute animals came from. That puppy’s mother is probably living without any human contact in a barren wire cage and most likely
has extensive health problems from constant breeding and stress.
Myth #4: “It’s fine to get a dog from a responsible breeder.”
Fact: There is nothing responsible about bringing more animals into a world where there are already too many. Just as with pet stores, each time
breeders sell a litter, they’ll be motivated to breed and sell another one. There are only so many homes available for dogs each year, and for
every slot filled by a dog from a breeder, there’s one home fewer available to a dog in a shelter.
Myth #5: “With purebred dogs, you can predict their temperament and behavior.”
Fact: Pet stores and breeders aren’t the only source of purebred dogs. Rescue groups exist for every breed of dog, and up to 25 percent of dogs
in shelters are purebred. But if temperament and behavior traits are paramount, your best bet is an adult dog from an animal shelter. You could
buy a Labrador puppy in hopes of having a dog who is gentle and good with children, but that puppy could grow up to be nervous and short-
tempered–there are no guarantees. And many purebred dogs have been bred over the years for working behaviors that in this day and age are
just not applicable anymore, like aggression, chasing, and digging. By selecting an adult shelter dog, you can get exactly the companion you’re
looking for.
Myth #6: “Purebred dogs are healthier and longer-lived than mutts.”
Fact: On the contrary, purebred dogs are increasingly suffering from limited gene pools and have many breed-specific health issues. Cancer,
respiratory issues, joint problems, heart disorders, and epilepsy are all seen frequently in purebreds. The BBC suspended television coverage of
the prestigious Crufts dog show (the equivalent of the Westminster show in the U.S.) because of concerns about genetic illness in pedigree dogs
in the U.K.
When you choose to share your home with an animal, support the lifesaving work of an animal shelter or rescue group by giving it your business.
Animal shelters currently provide only 10 to 20 percent of the animals people take into their homes. By making animal shelters the first choice
for finding an animal companion, we could dramatically reduce dog and cat overpopulation and save countless lives.
9

13. Throughout history animal testing has had a very important role in finding new discoveries
and helping save human lives. However, the companies providing these test tend to ignore the
fact that animals are having to suffer unimaginable pain during these experiments. Some
scientist believe that animals are non-human, so the pain they suffer does not matter
(DeCoux, Elizabeth). Companies put animals through unnecessary torture for human benefit
and selfish intentions. Animals have rights and humans are ignoring these rights as if they do
not exist. Animal experimentation for human benefit is unethical and should be against the
law.
Innocent animals are dying, because humans are injecting them with diseases such as cancer.
Most scientist would say that this is just a more accurate way to gain test results on how to
cure more dangerous diseases. In reality, harming animals for insignificant reasons such as
cosmetics and medical benefits, is not humane. Although some people might argue the
difference between raising animals for research and raising animals for food. The difference is,
raising animals for food is natural. Without food we cannot live. Plus animals raised on farms
are not mistreated, they are feed, taken care of, and are in their natural habitat. Carol
Sheridan, who was part of the intracardiac injection studies recorded some of the affects that
these injections had on animals, she stated that “Animals injected with TMD-231, LMD-231, or
MDA-MB-468 cells were killed when they developed one or more of the following signs: hind
limb paralysis from suspected spine metastasis, excessive weight loss, visible tumors, or
labored breathing from lung metastasis”
10

14. Most people who abuse animals don't do it on purpose. They hurt animals because they don't
think about or realize what they are doing. Many of these people don't know that what they are
doing is cruel. For example, some people don't realize what kinds of shelter different animals
need. They may keep a dog in their yard with a doghouse that is on the ground and gets flooded
with water when it rains, or they keep their dog on a short chain all of the time. Some people
will try to keep their pet under control by using cruel types of discipline. They may think that
punishment and intimidation are the best ways to solve problems. Other people are cruel
because they don't pay attention. For example, someone might forget to give their cat water for
a few days or leave their dog in a car on a hot day with the windows rolled up. Often these
people know better, but they either forget or don't care enough to pay attention. Finally, some
people hurt animals even though they think they're helping them. For example, some people
have so many pets that they can't care for them all. These people are called hoarders, and they
take in so many animals because they love them. Unfortunately, they can't care for all the
animals they take in, and the animals end up living in a place that's cramped , dirty and
unhealthy. Nearly all of these people can learn to understand that they are being cruel through
education and increasing their awareness of the needs of our animal neighbors. Since most of
the people who abuse animals make up this group, this means that most of the people who
abuse animals can be helped with basic education.(continued……)
Why people abuse animal?(COMMON
SURVEY FINALIZATIONS)
11

15. The next biggest group of animal abusers do it on purpose, but don't keep doing it for a long period of time.
For example, a group of kids may decide to throw rocks at a nest of baby birds they happened to see, or they
may hurt a stray cat in their neighborhood. These people are usually young, and they hurt animals because
they aren't thinking, or because they can't stand up to their friends and peer pressure. The ones who are
aren't really thinking might be mad at someone else (like their parents) and kick their pet dog because they
can't kick their parents. Or they may think it's fun to watch an animal run away scared, without really
thinking about how the animal feels. The ones who are giving in to peer pressure might be trying to show off
to their friends. Or they may be with a group of friends who are all trying to impress each other, and so they
go along with what everyone else is doing. Intentionally hurting animals for any reason is serious. In most
states, those caught doing this will face harsher punishment than those who hurt animals unintentionally.
However, these people usually don't hurt animals more than a few times. They learn to think about how
others feel, and they learn to stand up for themselves. This group can be helped through education and
support, too.
The last group of people who hurt animals are the worst. These are people who intentionally hurt animals
because they enjoy hurting things, or because it makes them feel powerful. Many of these people would
hurt other people if they could get away with it. They just choose to hurt animals because animals are more
helpless than people. Why do these people hurt animals? There are different reasons. A lot of these people
want to have control over others. They will hurt an animal because they think this means they control the
animal. Or they may hurt the animal to control another person. For example, a husband might hurt the
family's pet to show his wife what he could do to her if she doesn't obey his commands. Someone else might
make his dog kill other dogs because he thinks that makes him powerful. Others simply enjoy pain and
violence. Those who enjoy violence might also destroy inanimate objects as well as animals and people. All
of the people in this last group suffer from serious, psychological problems that will probably not go away on
their own. They often need the help of licensed professionals—like a psychologist. We are not 100% sure
why people become like this—most are probably born with their problems, but others can get their
problems from brain damage, poisonous environments, or by being treated badly themselves. Without help,
the psychological problems these people have can haunt them for their whole lives.(CONTINUED…..)
(……continued)12

16. Most of the people may have experienced violence themselves. A person who has this kind of behavior also experienced
being abused and mistreated by other people. Some of them were treated violently by their parents and other people
around them when they were young. During that time, people who were treated violently feel helpless and they cannot do
anything to stop this violent act. When they grow up these people tend to find other beings that they can exert all their
frustration. Witnessing some kind of violence can also affect the way people think towards others. All of these factors can
change the way they see life. They associate violence as a normal act.
• There are people who think that animals do not deserve any respect. These kinds of people are self-centered. Some
people believe that animals are the lower form of living things that should be under the rule of human. Keeping this
thought in their minds makes them very violent towards animals.
• Education on how to treat animals properly is very important to avoid this animal violence from happening. This
education should start at home. Parents are the ones responsible for the behavior of their children until they grow up. They
need to equip their child with proper education towards treating animals in a humane way. Some people may also think
that animals are toys. They think that animals cannot experience any pain and fatigue whenever they practice violence on
them. Once these people are being educated on how to treat animals properly, most of them quickly change their behavior
for a better environment for their pet.
• Most people who abuse their animals are those who want to take advantage of the benefits that people can get from
animals. This kind of people treats their animals like their own slaves. These people believe that once they own the animals,
they can do whatever they want to them. Some of them overwork their animals and leave them with no food at the end of
the day. Again, education can modify this behavior into something positive.
(….CONTINUED)
13

17. Rights are things that those in power give out, so there is always going to be something assimilationist
about rights. Arguments for including the more than human world in our ethical deliberations as rights-
bearers have tended to parallel arguments that extend ethical concern outward from those who occupy
the moral center. Historically in the US and Europe, for example, we have seen white, Christian men at the
center extending rights to non-Christian, non-white men and then women. As the circle of rights holders
grows, the ideal is that all of humanity will be included, whatever their race, nationality or gender
expression.
But why stop at species? Some scholars and activists have tried to combat what is alternatively termed
“speciesism,” “humanormativity” and “human exceptionalism” by moving the boundary of the circle
beyond the human.
One of the main strategies for expanding the circle is to turn to empirical work designed to show that
other animals are really similar to those at the center of the circle and thus deserve rights. To be
considered consistent and fair, we are implored to treat like cases alike. If those on the margins of the
circle of moral concern can be shown, through ethological and cognitive research, for example, to have
some of the qualities that we admire in ourselves and to which we attach value, then we ought to admire
and value those qualities in whatever bodies they arise.
This research has shown that many other animals have rich social relationships, sacrifice their own safety
by staying with sick or injured family members so that the fatally ill will not die alone, grieve their dead,
respond to emotional states of others, engage in norm governed behavior, manipulate and deceive,
understand symbolic representations and pass along culture.
Some of the research with chimpanzees and bonobos suggests that they have a distinctive sense of self
and that they understand themselves as having interests that extend through time. The capacity to
recognize oneself as having a past and future is, as John Locke suggested, to be a person. (continued…….)
Should animals have rights?
14

18. (…..continued)
In our legal system, chimpanzees are not considered persons, no animals are considered persons and thus bearers of rights. Rather animals
are classified as property. The desire to change this classification is what motivates the Nonhuman Rights Project. Given that the legal system
only has two categories for distinguishing between beings, either person or property, classifying chimpanzees as legal persons is more
accurate than considering them mere property. So it is understandable, in a legal context, that since chimpanzees have similar capacities to
human persons they should have certain rights.
But I have misgivings about the “rights” approach. Rights are claims that we make against each other and assert to protect ourselves from the
encroachment of others. Our legal system may be structured in such a way as to see rights holders at odds with one another, but that is a
fairly grim view of how we interact with one another in our communities. Indeed this framework, in which we have to protect ourselves from
others, may serve to reinforce a relatively dark view of our relationships with each other and with other animals. We end up focused on what
we can extract from each other or how we can protect what we have, rather than focusing on how we might work together to improve each
other’s lives.
If we were to instead focus on what we owe each other and other animals, our relationships become a more central concern. Our roles in
promoting or hindering another animal’s well-being becomes a source of ethical concerns. Almost all of our actions and decisions affect other
animals in a variety of ways. Whether they live or die, whether their offspring have any future, whether their habitats will continue to exist,
depend on what we buy, what we eat, even who we vote for. No one wants to be in a “bad” relationship, so thinking about the ways we are
in relationship to other animals and what we owe them can help those relationships be better.
The rights approach also tends to reduce our relationships to those in which we value similarities and overlook important differences that
may help us to rethink who is valuable and why.
When what we are looking for is similarities -- how we might share the same general type of intelligence or cognitive skills, for example -- we
tend to obscure distinctively valuable aspects of the lives of others that are different. What does this view mean for animals, humans and
non-human, who are less intelligent or whose cognitive capacities are completely different from our own?
Focusing on how much other animals are like us forces us to assimilate them into our human-oriented framework; we grant them
consideration in virtue of what we believe they share with us; rather than what makes their lives meaningful and valuable by their own
lights. And through our human oriented gaze, we end up reconfiguring a dualism or, at best, a hierarchy, that will inevitably find some
“other” to exclude or place at the bottom -- those that are really different from able-bodied, able-minded, persons.
When we talk about “rights” then, we need to be particularly cautious that we don’t construct and then ignore “others” -- some humans and
many non-humans who construct meaningful ways of being in the world, but are differently abled such that they aren’t seen as similar to
those who occupy the human-center.
Instead, we might consider what its like to be a chimpanzee or a chicken or a human child with a cognitive impairment in their unique
relationships to others. In imagining their worlds from their perspectives, we may see that their overall well-being may be promoted
differently, but their well-being is no less valuable just because they are different.
15

19. Animals right to freedom
Animal FREEDOM is based on the idea that animals are sentient and that speciesism is wrong.
Whether animals are sentient is of little scientific doubt. An international panel of
neuroscientists declared in 2012 that non-human animals have consciousness, and that humans
are not unique in recognizing themselves in mirrors or in making decisions. Because animals are
sentient, the only reason humans are treated differently is speciesism, which is an arbitrary
distinction based on the incorrect belief that humans are the only species deserving of moral
consideration. Speciesism, like racism and sexism, is wrong because cows, pigs and chickens
suffer when confined, tortured and slaughtered and there is no reason to morally distinguish
between humans and non-human animals. Even if a pig doesn't suffer in the same way that a
human suffers, no two humans suffer in the same way either. (Read more about the basic tenets
of animal rights.)
The reason that people have rights is to prevent unjust suffering. Similarly, the reason that
animal rights activists want animals to have rights is to prevent them from suffering unjustly. We
have animal cruelty statutes to prevent some animal suffering, although our laws prohibit only
the most egregious, extraordinary animal cruelty. Our laws do nothing to prevent most forms
animal exploitation, including fur, veal and, in most parts of the U.S., foie gras.
16

20. The animal welfare position holds that there is nothing
inherently wrong with using animals for human purposes,
such as food, clothing, entertainment, and research, but
that it should be done in a way that minimizes
unnecessary pain and suffering, sometimes referred to as
"humane" treatment.
Utilitarian advocates argue from the position of costs and
benefits and vary in their conclusions as to the allowable
treatment of animals. Some utilitarians argue for a weaker
approach which is closer to the animal welfare position,
whereas others argue for a position that is similar to animal
rights. Animal rights theorists criticize these positions,
arguing that the words "unnecessary" and "humane" are
subject to widely differing interpretations, and that animals
have basic rights. They say that the only way to ensure
protection for animals is to end their status as property and
to ensure that they are never used as commodities.
17

21. In humans, the sense of balance, called equilibrioception, is based on sight, vestibular balance,
and proprioception (the ability to sense the body and its parts). Vestibular balance refers to
the vestibules in the cochlea, or the hearing organ, of the inner ear.
When fluid moves through the semicircular canals, the brain receives signals about the
direction and speed of rotation of the head. The bulbed ends of the canals contain microscopic
hair cells like the ones in the cochlea that can pick up on displacement of the vestibular fluid,
which provides a sense of direction and orientation. The utricle and saccule, called the
otolithic organs, help us detect changes in acceleration. Both of them contain a layer of
calcium crystals that move along with the movements of the head. Displacement of the
calcium stones causes hair cells to bend. This is then picked up by the brain as a change in
velocityOur furry, feathery, and scaly friends also rely on the same three senses (sight, vestibular
balance, and proprioception) to achieve locomotion. But some animals have an extra
advantage: tails.
Tails allow man’s best friend (as well as cats, mice, squirrels, and monkeys) to keep their
balance in precarious situations. Tails give animals a greater margin of error when it comes to
keeping their center of gravity steady. They’re the reason a tightrope walker needs a pole
whereas a cat on a fence doesn’t. In other words, a cat’s tail serves the same purpose as a
tightrope walker’s balancing pole: it helps stabilize the center of gravity.
Tails are the reason why arboreal animals, like squirrels and monkeys, can maintain perfect
balance while moving at high speeds through treetops. Since tails are a “free” limb, they can
be used to maintain weight distribution and balance. The only way for humans to achieve the
same kind of balance is by extending their arms to the sides.
18

22. Responsible animal farming demands endless attention to good care, in the notion that care is related to accompanied concerns [15]. Our
conceptual framework has thus been based on care ethics, that is widely implemented in the human health domain [16], and implies the
following aspects of care: a. caring about: societal awareness for keeping animals in the livestock production sector with consideration to
social concerns; b. taking care of: responsibilities for keeping animals in the livestock production sector with a social license to produce; c.
care giving: provision of professional care to animals in the livestock production sector.
This implies that, although there are protocols and standards, the quintessence is an attitude of professional quality in daily practice.
Indicating that values such as responsibility, trust, commitment and operating carefully are held in high esteem [17]. These moral values have
to become basic assets in a chain of custody from producers to consumers and provide added value to the economics of the food production
chain. Within this perspective, care and economy are not intrinsically opposite.
The application of care ethics, thus accommodate to address societal concerns in livestock production practices. This requires a sound and
professional attitude of all within the entire livestock related food production chain, as well as others including citizens, consumers, civil
society, government and non-governmental organizations.
Care ethics is not just a guide to the devoted (careful) treatment of animals in livestock production systems, necessitating a conscious
(careful) compliance with professional standards and values, but also aims to provide a safeguard for the (careful) accountancy of general
concerns of the various stakeholders. The derivative guideline for an integrated “Livestock Farming with Care” is here represented by an
integrated approach involving four areas of concern:
A: One Health (health and safety of animals and humans);
Safeguarding human and animal health, related to livestock production. This comprises more than food safety, it includes eradication of
infectious animal and zoonotic diseases emerging from livestock farming and transports; and mitigation of the consequences of the use of
antibiotics, such as the development of microbe resistance to antibiotics.
B: Customized Care (from the perspective of the integrity of the animal);
Ensuring robustness, dignity and integrity of the production animal. This comprises more than compliance to human standards for animal
welfare aspects, it includes respecting the specific biological traits and requirements of individual animals in the group, resulting in observed
good animal welfare on farm.
C: No Nuisance (with regard for environmental and societal perspectives);
Avoiding exposure of the environment to critical emissions of waste materials: i.e. dust, noise, malodour or pathogens originating from the
livestock production systems; including the sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity and prevention of land degradation.
D: Credible Performance (from a socio-economic perspective);
Guaranteeing a responsible and trustworthy livestock production sector with sound perspectives for farmers in local, national, regional or
global food production chains.
19

23. Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. If wildlife is extracted from its natural
habitat, the delicate balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed which will then lead to disastrous results.
For instance, there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain forest. If any species should become
extinct, the food chain will be disrupted affecting all the species. For this reason, promoting biodiversity is
one of the main reasons why we should protect wildlife.
One can learn a lot from animals which can benefit the human race. For instance, a lot of medicines have
been derived from the chemicals produced by animals. These medicines are then used to help cure various
health conditions, such as heart diseases, disorders, and other illnesses. In fact, based on the statistics
provided by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, more than 25% of the medicinal prescriptions given every year
contain chemicals from animals. For instance, there are scientists who are studying venom from the pit viper
to cure the symptoms of Melanoma, and the venom from a tarantula can help fight neurological disorders.
Wildlife protection is essential because if the animal is gone, it will be impossible to study and learn from
them. Unfortunately, a lot of wildlife has disappeared from earth due to human activities, such as the Bali
tiger, Mexican grizzly bear, and the Japanese wolf.
When we conserve and protect the natural habitat of wildlife species, we enrich our planet. To do so, we
must keep the animals in their natural place. Conservation of natural habitats will also be beneficial for
humans since it helps keep the essential watersheds intact and ensuring clean, fresh water.
Today, there are now wildlife preservation programs wherein they allow the animals to roam freely in their
natural habitat. Some of these programs also allow the animals to interact with humans. This is beneficial
since it educates the people and raises awareness regarding the importance of protecting these wildlife
species.
These are just some of the reasons why everyone should work together to protect the different species of
wildlife. Thankfully, there are now national parks that provide the best natural habitats for various species.
20

24. Get Help! If you see someone hurting an animal, or know of an animal who looks sick, injured
or does not have adequate food, water or shelter, you can do something about it. Never try to
help the animal yourself. Instead, tell an adult you trust. Together, you and an adult can call
the police or your local animal shelter. It's very important to inform the police because animal
cruelty is against the law in all 50 states. Write Everything Down! Be prepared to provide
information on the cruel act that you witnessed. Write down what you saw happen, who was
involved, the date of the incident and where it took place. Be Responsible! Don't let your
animal friends roam free. Keep your cats indoors. Dogs should always be on leash and
supervised when they're outside. Be a Leader Be kind to animals and others will follow. Let
your family, friends, classmates and adults know that hurting animals is not cool. Volunteer
Your Time! You're never too young to volunteer your time helping animals. Contact your local
animal shelter or humane society for junior volunteer programs. For a list of shelters in your
area, search our National Shelter Directory. Spread the Word! Share facts and information
about the prevention of animal cruelty and responsible pet care with your friends, family,
teachers, neighbors and classmates. Invite a Guest Speaker to Your School. Ask your teacher to
have someone from your local animal shelter or humane society come and speak to the
students in your school. These awesome animal lovers teach kids all kinds of things such as pet
care, dog bite prevention, how to pet a dog and how to stop cruelty. Start a Club! With the
help of one of your teachers, organize an animal lovers' club at your school. Check it Out! In
order to stop animal abuse, we need to understand WHY people are cruel to animals.
21

25. 1.Do not buy bones, skulls, teeth, trophies or feathers of wild animals.
To obtain these product, animals have to be killed and you are encouraging the wildlife trade.
2.Do not think of our wild animals (such as wild boar and deer meat) as exotic food.
If we continue to eat these animals at the current rate, there will soon be none left. There is plenty of beef, chicken, fish and other meats
available.
3.Don't think of wild animal parts as having medicinal value.
For most of the times it is not true. A simple fact - the rhino horn is made of the same stuff (keratin) as your finger nail. Therefore, if you
have a fever, would you cook and eat your finger nail?
4.Do not think of hunting for wild animals as a sport.
It may be a sport to you but it is certainly not a sport for the animal.
5.Do not hunt for sale or trade in wildlife.
Commercial sale of our animals reduces the tourism potential and regeneration potential of our forests, and is bringing some species close
to extinction in Sarawak.
6.If you have no other sources of food and are allowed to hunt animals for subsistence,do not hunt any protected or totally protected
species. These are so rare that if they are hunted, they might become extinct.
7.Do not poison the rivers when you go fishing.
Poison kills almost everything in the rivers. Besides, it is illegal to do so.
8.If you are fishing using jala (cast nets) or jaring (drift nets), do not use nets with small mesh sizes. We encourage the use of bigger mesh
sizes as this allows juvenile fish to escape capture.
9.Do not fish near the shore, especially in the mangroves. The mangroves are critical breeding grounds for most fishes and prawns.
10.Do not keep wild animals as pets. This includes birds like mynas, hornbills and parrots. By discouraging the pet trade, you are helping
to eliminate the harvest of animals from the wild.
11.Do inform the National Parks and Wildlife Service if you encounter illegal activities concerning wildlife. Examples of some illegal
activities are : hunting inside national parks and hunting or keeping protected or totally protected species without a licence.
12.Do learn about ways to conserve our animals. Subscribe to a wildlife magazine and watch nature programmes on TV.
13.Make education your objective when you next visit a wildlife centre.
14.You can contribute to wildlife conservation. Donate to a nature society or club. The contributions are often tax deductable. GIVE to
SAVE!!!!
15.Be a volunteer for a nature society or club. Your efforts are valuable.
16.Encourage your school, club and friends to have talks and debates on the values of wildlife conservation.
17.Do take photographs of our wonderful wildlife. Show them to your friends.
18.Encourage your friends and family to respect Wildlife. The animals contribute to your well-being.
19.If you have the option, think of wildlife conservation as a career. It is extremely rewarding.
20.Finally, remember this saying, "In the end, we will conserve only what we love. We will love only what we understand, and we will
understand only what we are taught." Bring a friend to a Wildlife Centre and learn more about Wildlife conservation
22

26. Authority Provision
PART IV: DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY, 48:
Organisation of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and 48A:
Protection and improvement of environment and
safeguarding of forests and wild life
Per 48, the Constitution requires the State to “take steps for
preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the
slaughter, of cows and calves in other milch and
draught cattle.”
Per 48A, the Constitution places a duty on the State to
“endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to
safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.”
Per List III, Both Parliament and the legislature have the
authority to make laws on the following: “[p]revention of
cruelty to animals,” “protection of wild animals and birds,”
“[p]revention of the extension from one State to another of
infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting
men, animals or plants.”
PART IVA: FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES, 51A (g): Fundamental
Duties
Per 51A, the Constitution places a duty on every citizen to
“protect and improve the natural environment including
forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for
living creatures.”
SEVENTH SCHEDULE: (Article 246), List II: State List and List III:
Concurrent List
Per List II, the Legislative Assembly is given the authority to
make laws on the following: “[p]reservation, protection and
improvement of stock and prevention
of animal diseases; veterinary training and practice…”
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE (Article 243G) Per the Eleventh Schedule, the Constitution provides that
Panchayat (local self government) may make laws on the
following: “[a]nimal husbandry, dairying and poultry”, and
fisheries.
TWELFTH SCHEDULE: (Article 243W) Per the Twelfth Schedule, Municipalities may undertake
certain duties pertaining to the regulation
of slaughterhouses and tanneries.
Animal Protection in the Constitution of India
•
23

27. INITIATIVES BY INDIAN GOVT.
In May, 2013, India’s Ministry of Environment and Forests took a strong step by forbidding the
capture and use of dolphins for entertainment across the country.
The ministry issued a policy statement instructing all state governments to deny giving
permissions for setting up a dolphnarium “by any person / persons, organizations, government
agencies, private or public enterprises that involves import, capture of cetacean species to
establish for commercial entertainment, private or public exhibition and interaction purposes
whatsoever.”
There had been wild protests by various agencies against the use of dolphins for entertainment
purposes. So this news came as a welcome relief to many, showcasing the Indian government’s
better understanding of issues such as global warming and a deeper concern towards marine
life.
India’s ban on import of animal tested beauty products came into effect from November 13,
2014 and created history by becoming the first South Asian nation to do so.
After banning cosmetics testing on animals nationally, this came as another important
milestone that has been appreciated by the people. The recently announced rule
states, “Prohibition of import of cosmetics tested on animals. No cosmetic that has been
tested on animals after the commencement of Drugs and Cosmetics (Fifth Amendment) Rules,
2014 shall be imported into the country.”
By taking such a strong step, India has become the first cruelty-free zone in South Asia and has
set an example for others to follow.
(CONTD……)
24

28. (…..CONTD.)
During 1981-2002, India was responsible for 9% of the global catch of various shark species and held the
number three spot worldwide in the list. Sharks, being one of the top predators, need to be saved for a
healthy marine ecosystem. Every year, hundreds of sharks are targeted and killed to meet the demand for
shark fin soup, an East Asian dish. After removing the fins, the sharks are thrown back into the sea to die
slowly and painfully.
Jet Airways, after taking Humane Society International/India’s appeal into consideration, banned
shipment of shark fins on its carriers to protect the declining population of sharks worldwide.
Chemudupati Samyukta, wildlife campaign manager for HSI/India, said: “We are thrilled that Jet Airways has
taken this environmentally responsible decision. We are certain that it will go a long way in the ongoing
efforts around the globe to protect these keystone species.”
This has put Jet Airways in the league of other environmentally-conscious airlines around the world who
have committed to stop carrying the dreadful cargo.
On November 04, 2014, the Ministry of Home Affairs ordered the paramilitary Sashastra Seema Bal to stop
illegal movement of animals to Nepal and prevent cattle transport without license.
The decision came at a right time as it was announced a few weeks before the Gadhimai festival where
over 500,000 animals, most originating from India, were to be sacrificed in Nepal. The festival takes place
once every five years and involves slaughter of lakhs of innocent animals including cattle, pigs, goats, ducks,
rats, etc.
It is estimated that 70 percent of the animals brought for slaughtering in this festival come from the
neighbouring states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand and Assam. N.G Jayasimha,
managing director for HSI/India said: “For the past few months, Humane Society International/India has been
working vigorously to sensitize locals on this issue. We are delighted to have the Government of India’s
support and look forward to working with them in implementing in orders.”
(CONTD……)
25

29. (….CONTD)
In March 2014, the High Court issued notice in a petition filed by the
Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations against confining egg-
laying hens in battery cages. These small cages violate the provisions of
Section 11(1)(e) of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, which
requires that animals confined to cages be provided with reasonable
opportunity for movement.
“The use of battery cages to confine egg laying hens is absolutely barbaric.
The cages strip away the dignity of the hens completely. It’s unfathomable
that living beings can be treated with such cruelty,” said Senior Advocate
Mr. Anand Grover who represented the petitioner.
With all these recent steps to stop animal cruelty, the Indian government is
surely going an extra mile and setting a worthy example for other countries.
We congratulate the various agencies for putting in efforts for making this
possible and salute all the public and private organizations which have
helped implement laws against animal cruelty.
26

30. MORE STEPS BY GOVT. ORGANIZATIONS
The Corbett Foundation involves actions taken
by passionate men and women who wish to
protect wildlife and bring forth harmony. This
Foundation raises funds, conserves various
ecosystems, draws the government’s attention
towards major wildlife issues and promotes
wildlife research projects. This foundation
works for protection of other regions such as
Bandhavgarh, Kutch and Kanha as well.
Wildlife Institute of India (WII) was
established in Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India in 1982 with an
aim to provide training and courses,
and promote wildlife research and
management. WII is actively
involved in research of biodiversity
and major wildlife issues in India.
Project Tiger is a scheme centrally sponsored
by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change. This scheme covers around 47
tiger reserves located across more than 17
regions populated with tigers. Project Tiger
mainly focuses on conducting assessments of
number of tigers, their habitat, hunting habits,
etc. All these activities are sanctioned by the
Tiger Task Force.
Initiated by the Government of
India in 1992 as a centrally
sponsored scheme, the main
objective of Project Elephant is to
conserve elephants, their habitat,
work for issues such as human-
elephant conflict and look after
the welfare of domestic elephants.
27

31. Launched in 1976, the main objective of this
project is to protect the three most
endangered species of crocodile: the fresh
water crocodile, gharials and salt water
crocodiles. The Crocodile Conservation Project
undertakes captive breeding of various species
of crocodiles, looks after the hatching and
rearing of gharials in order to decrease the
mortality rate of crocodiles. Under Gharial
Rehabilitation Project, about 200 gharials were
sheltered and consequently released in the
Ramganga River in Corbett National Park.
Executed by Ministry of
Environment along with Wildlife
Institute of India, Dehradun, The
Government of India- UNDP Sea
Turtle Project works to protect sea
turtles. Launched in 1999, this
project carries out rigorous surveys
along the coastal areas, checks the
community and legal conservation,
creates awareness, gathers
information about main nesting
areas and also provides training to
fisheries managers, researchers and
biologists.
Because of a serious decline in the population of the main species of vulture, a series
of meetings and seminars are being held in India in order to address the need for
vulture conservation. The National Workshop held in New Delhi in 2004, for the same
cause was attended by Chief Wildlife Wardens, BNHS (Bombay Natural History Society),
SACON (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore), GEER
(Gujarat Ecological and Education Research Foundation, Gandhinagar), Department of
Animal Husbandry et al.
28

32. India Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020 is an effort of
pact made by the Bodoland Territorial Council,
WWF (World Wildlife Fund), IRF (International
Rhino Fund) and the US Fish and Wildlife
Service. The main objective of IRV is to
conserve at least 3000 greater one-horned
rhinos in Assam, India by 2020.
Founded by Belinda Wright, an award-winning
wildlife photographer and filmmaker, Wildlife
Protection Society of India (WPSI) works to
manage the intractable wildlife crisis in India.
The main aim of WPSI is to inform the
government about poaching and wildlife trade,
especially of tigers. WPSI even works for
mitigating human-animal conflicts and
promotes research projects.
Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT)
works to protect the vulnerable
animals and biodiversity of India
through spreading awareness
across forest departments and
NGOs. WCT even trains
individuals for wildlife
conservation.
Established in 1995 by Kartick
Satyanarayan and Geeta Seshamani,
Wildlife SOS works against animal
violence, resolves human-animal
conflicts, rescues wildlife during crisis
and educates people about habitat
protection. Initially started to stop
bears from dancing in circuses, today
Wildlife SOS even has projects to
rescue elephants, leopards, reptiles
and various other animals.
29

33. World Wildlife Fund- India started working at
Horn Bill House, Mumbai. Today, WWF- India
happens to be the largest voluntary
organization which works for wildlife as well as
nature conservation. WWF- India promotes
various academic, field projects for biodiversity
and even spreads awareness about enviro-
legal actions. Through strategic alliance with
TRAFFIC India, WWF- India helps state
governments and agencies to stop illicit
wildlife trade.
Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS),
established in 1883, is associated with wildlife
research and conservation in India for over 130
years. BNHS mainly focuses on research,
education and public awareness about wildlife
and nature.
Centre for Wildlife Studies (CWS)
was established in 1984 in
Bengaluru with an aim to promote
conservation of the tiger and
other large mammals, along with
equal emphasis for ecology
through collaboration with State
and Central Governments. Today,
CWS is an internationally known
institute for excellence in the field
of wildlife research and
conservation.
Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF) works
in varied animal habitats, including that of
coral reefs, tropical rainforests and as far as the
Himalayas. NCF works to know the
fundamental needs of elephants, snow
leopards and even spiders and corals. NCF
even conducts research in order to address the
impact of commercial usage and its effects on
ecology.
30

34. 1. Meetings to be organized with Deputy Inspectors General, Commandments and District
Magistrates to work out modalities for imposition of Section 144 Criminal Procedure Code
restricting the movement of animals across the border
2. In-depth intelligence based operations within the area of responsibility be carried out to
check organized smuggling
3. The performance of units be personally monitored by Deputy Inspectors General of sectors on
daily basis
4. Cattle seized may be handed over to animal pounds with the instructions that no auction of
cattle by the civil administration be undertaken till the conclusion of the Gadhimai Mela in
Nepal
5. A daily monitoring report on action taken against smugglers MUST be sent.
31

35. Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGO) in WILDLIFE Protection
As major development agencies became discouraged with the public sector of environmental conservation in the late
1980s, these agencies began to lean their support towards the “private sector” or non-government organizations
(NGOs).[10] In a World Bank Discussion Paper it is made apparent that “the explosive emergence of nongovernmental
organizations” was widely known to government policy makers. Seeing this rise in NGO support, the U.S. Congress made
amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act in 1979 and 1986 “earmarking U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) funds for biodiversity”.[10] From 1990 moving through recent years environmental conservation in the NGO sector
has become increasingly more focused on the political and economic impact of USAID given towards the “Environment and
Natural Resources”.[11] After the terror attacks on the World Trade Centers on September 11, 2001 and the start of former
President Bush’s War on Terror, maintaining and improving the quality of the environment and natural resources became a
“priority” to “prevent international tensions” according to the Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2002[11] and section
117 of the 1961 Foreign Assistance Act.[11] Furthermore, in 2002 U.S. Congress modified the section on endangered species
of the previously amended Foreign Assistance Act.
Many NGOs exist to actively promote, or be involved with wildlife conservation:
The Nature Conservancy is a US charitable environmental organization that works to preserve the plants, animals, and
natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive.[12]
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization working on issues regarding the
conservation, research and restoration of the environment, formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its
official name in Canada and the United States. It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5
million supporters worldwide, working in more than 90 countries, supporting around 1300[4] conservation and
environmental projects around the world. It is a charity, with approximately 60% of its funding coming from voluntary
donations by private individuals. 45% of the fund's income comes from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the
United States.[13]
WildTeam
Wildlife Conservation Society
Audubon Society
Traffic (conservation programme)
Born Free Foundation
WildEarth Guardians
32

36. AT LAST, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FROM SURVEYS
Q)Should attractive animals be given more rights than ugly animals?
Ans:- For endangered species, it pays to be a large mammal with sad eyes that cuddles its
babies. Glamorous animals, big predators and, above all, the extremely cute and fuzzy stand
a chance of getting people to protect them and their habitats.
Ugly animals — as judged by human eyes — are far more likely to be left aside when humans
draw up conservation plans. Anyone care to save Ontario’s rattlesnakes?
Canadian ecology experts say such thinking means we’re in danger of re-shaping nature to
beautify it according to human notions of what’s pretty, saving the mammals but letting the
reptiles and amphibians disappear.
Q)Are apes given human rights in Spain?
Ans:- Great apes should have the right to life and freedom, according to a resolution passed
in the Spanish parliament, in what could become landmark legislation to enshrine human
rights for chimpanzees, gorillas, orang-utans and bonobos.
The environmental committee in the Spanish parliament has approved resolutions urging the
country to comply with the Great Apes Project, founded in 1993, which argues that "non-
human hominids" should enjoy the right to life, freedom and not to be tortured.
The project was started by the philosophers Peter Singer and Paola Cavalieri, who argued
that the ape is the closest genetic relative to humans – that it displays emotions such as love,
fear, anxiety and jealousy – and should be protected by similar laws.
The resolutions have cross-party support and it is thought they will become law, meaning
that potential experiments on apes in Spain will be banned within a year, according to a
Reuters report.
33

37. Q)Advantages and Disadvantages of being a vegetarian?
Ans:-Advantage
1. Animals Don’t Have To Die
One of the biggest reasons that a person decides to become a vegetarian is because of the treatment of animals. They feel as if it is
unethical to kill innocent animals for food when there are plenty of other options available to give us nutrition. Theoretically, if the
entire world became vegetarians, then no more animals would die at the hands of humans.
2. It’s A Complete Diet
The body requires certain amounts of specific minerals, vitamins, and nutrients in order to function properly. Protein is a big one of
these. Most people are under the assumption that the only source of protein we have access to is meat, but this is simply untrue.
Things like beans, nuts, and soy can all provide a vegetarian with the protein that they need to function.
3. Great Health Benefits
Meat, while it gives us protein, it gives us some other things as well, and not nearly as pleasant. Many different health problems can be
spurred on or even caused by the consumption of meat. Some of these include heart disease, gout, colon cancer, and gastrointestinal
problems. Another great thing of being a vegetarian is the simple fact that instead of indulging in fattening meats and meat centered
meals, you will begin to consume more fruits, vegetables, and other health effective things.
4. You Save Water!
Water is deeply involved in every single part of the food chain, including the animals that we consume. It takes nearly 700 gallons of
water just to produce a single pound of chicken, you could only imagine how much an entire cow would take! Being a vegetarian
conserves a great deal of water. This is a benefit to the entire planet.
Disadvantage
1. It’s The Circle of Life
The food chain exists for a pretty good reason. Animals kill in order to feed themselves, and humans are no different at all. Eating meat
is a natural part of life, and it provides great benefits to the people who consume it as well as the animals. Over population is a large
problem, and eating meat helps to ease this problem.
2. Deficiencies Aren’t Good
There are some types of vitamins and minerals that can only be obtained through animal meats. One of these is the vitamin B-12,
which provides benefits to the entire body. Some of the other types of things that can only be obtained through the consumption of
meat such as omega-3 fats and other omega fatty acids, all of which play vital roles in the body’s functions.
3. Best Source of Protein
Protein is what give our body the energy that it needs to move, breathe, and do just about everything. Trying to find adequate
alternatives to protein can be time consuming, expensive, and quite frankly, un appetizing. Animal products, like meat, are readily
available, cost effective, simple to prepare, and quite tasty as well.
34

38. Q)Why are humans special?
Ans:-What makes the human superior to field animals”? So mused King Solomon, the
wisest man of his times (10th century BCE), in Proverbs. Since then this question has
occupied the best minds of the human race, from Plato in the 5th century BCE to the
molecular biologists, neurobiologists, neuropsychologists and philosophers of the
21st century.
For a long while, we thought that intelligence set us apart. We now know better; whales,
dolphins, crows, parrots, and apes, to name a few, have been shown to possess a high level
of intelligence.
Is it our self-awareness that makes us unique? Not quite. Apes are showing various degrees
of self-awareness.
Is it our communication skills? They are indeed highly developed, but they are not unique;
whales, dolphins, birds and apes all communicate via quite complex languages.
It has been suggested that our capacity to feel and show empathy is uniquely human. Have
you seen a mother elephant grieving over her dead infant? Have you ever seen the whole
herd commiserating with her? Have you heard of the African buffaloes who form a
protective shield around a female who is giving birth, to ward off predators and vultures?
In short, we are becoming increasingly aware that all these “human” traits started evolving
millions of years before the first human descended from the trees to take his first tentative
steps in the African savannah.
35

39. Q)Do animals have feelings, emmotions or think?
Ans:-Life is very vivid to animals. In many cases they know who they are. They know who their friends are and
who their rivals are. They have ambitions for higher status. They compete. Their lives follow the arc of a career,
like ours do. We both try to stay alive, get food and shelter, and raise some young for the next generation. Animals
are no different from us in that regard. They play. They act frightened when there’s danger. They relax when things
are good. It seems illogical for us to think that animals might not be having a conscious mental experience of play,
sleep, fear or love. They see that first time mothers aren’t as sure about what to do, and experienced mothers are
more relaxed and confident. They see that some wolves are very assertive and aggressive and other wolves
forbear. If there is a fight, some wolves will kill other wolves, but other wolves won’t, even when they beat them
in a fight.
Q)Why people react negatively to fur, wool and leather in some countries?
Ans:-Eighty-five percent of the fur industry’s skins come from animals on fur factory farms.(1) These farms can
house thousands of animals, and as with other factory farms, they are designed to maximize profits—with little
regard for the environment or animals’ well-being.
Each mink skinned by fur farmers produces about 44 pounds of feces in his or her lifetime.(2) That adds up to 1
million pounds of feces produced annually by U.S. mink farms alone.(3) One dangerous component of this waste is
nearly 1,000 tons of phosphorus, which wreaks havoc on rivers and streams.(4) For instance, when a Washington
state mink farm was charged with polluting a nearby creek, the fecal coliform levels measured in the water were
as much as 5,000 times in excess of the legal limit.(5) According to Sandy Parker Reports, a fur-industry
publication, “Tougher anti-pollution rules and stricter enforcement by government agencies are causing increasing
problems for fur farmers in parts of the U.S. …. Nitrates, phosphates and other substances running off with
rainwater or seeping into aquifers and polluting local water supplies are increasingly coming to the attention of
environmental protection agencies and they are clamping down hard.”(6)
Raising animals for their fur also pollutes the air. In Denmark, where more than 14 million minks are killed for
their fur each year, more than 8,000 pounds of ammonia is released into the atmosphere annually.(7,8)
36

40. Q)Should zoos be banned?
Ans:-Yes, zoos should be banned
Zoos should be banned because zoos could harm animals. You never know if a zoo is a
harmful one or a helpful one. Animals could also get zoochoisis. A type of disease that
will harm animals because they have stayed in zoos for a long time. Animals get crazy
and they create un natural things on their body.
Animals in zoos do not have a choice to be there, they are usually either captured or
breed into the system. All animals should be allowed to roam free so if the animal is able
to take care of themselves they should be freed and only animals who need help should
be held in a zoo until they are capable of surviving on their own.
Zoos are just prisons for animals
The zoo is an outdated concept, it commoditizes animals for entertainment. Zoos do not
educate our children, nor do they protect our environment, but they are cruel
institutions for the animals imprisoned within them. At this moment, in our human
history, do we want to pour concrete over native grasses, and build enclosures for wild
creatures, or do we want to think innovatively, and protect what little remains of our real
California, our heritage for future generations.
37

41. STORY OF AN ANIMAL
HERO
In the 16th century AD, a King named Rana Pratap ruled over parts of Northwestern India. The
king had to fight several battles in his lifetime. In most of his battles, his gallant horse named
Chetak courageously fought with its master and guarded its master’s life.
Of the many battles that the king fought, the most important was the battle of Haldighati.
Chetak lost its life in that battle, but it died as one of the greatest heroes of history.
During the battle, the army of Rana Pratap was only one fourth the size of the army of the
enemy. But Chetak, just like its master, was not afraid. It galloped with the Rana on its back,
towards the elephant on which the enemy was seated and raised its feet against the huge beast.
The elephant panicked and turned round and in the process the sword attached to its trunk cut
through one of Chetak’s legs.
With three legs, Chetak still lunged forward with its master. But soon Chetak understood that its
master’s life was in danger. Then it refused to move forward. Turning back on its own, on three
legs, it made an incredible leap over a stream, taking its master to safety, away from the
battleground. Then it collapsed and died in its master’s lap.
A statue of Chetak still lives in the city of Udaipur in India.
38

42. 39

43. 40

44. 41

45. Dear sir,
we are writing this letter to share our anguish and disappointment over the fact that there is no proper
response from the animal care centers and also the indifference shown to the animals. I am deeply
concerned by the [Location's/Sponsor's] decision to bring a circus with performing wild animals to our
area. [If you are responding to an article in a previous issue of the newspaper/magazine, cite the article's
title and date.]
The elephants, big cats, bears, primates, and other wild animals who are used in circuses often endure
inhumane and abusive training and living conditions. When they are not performing, they may spend most
of their time in extremely close confinement. These animals have little legal protection at state or federal
levels.
In addition, performing wild animals pose a real threat to public safety, precisely because they are wild and
therefore unpredictable. No amount of training or affection can eliminate this danger.
With so many better choices in entertainment, I urge the [Location/Sponsor] to sponsor events that do not
involve wild animals. The use of performing wild animals can desensitize individuals—especially
impressionable children—to animal suffering. And it doesn't teach anything about the lives of these
magnificent animals in the wild.
today,on our way to a shop we happened to see a puppy being thrashed and kicked out onto the road by a
person even when the pup was crying out helplessly.as we had no other choice, we tried calling up animal
welfare organisation near our place,which didn't even respond to our calls.we even tried calling hospitals
which gave us no response.finally we got the help of a very generous,kind hearted and a loving aunt who
was ready to keep the pup for the night seeing our helpless situation.
what we are trying to bring to peoples notice is that next time when such an incident occurs,the authorities
should respond as they are meant to,as we may not find such a loveable aunt another time.what everyone
must keep in mind is that animals also have a heart that's beating just like us and its our duty to take care of
them .
LETTER TO THE EDITOR42