Assignment 1
1. Research at least two articles on the topic of managerial issues of a networked organization. Write a brief synthesis and summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
2. Research at least two articles on the topic of emerging enterprise network applications. Write a brief synthesis and summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
3. Research at least two articles on the topic of mobile computing and its business implications. Write a brief synthesis and summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE
(Accepted in revised form August 25, 2005)
ABSTRACT. The continuing existence of zoos and their good purposes such as
conservation, science, education, and recreation, can be ethically justified only if zoos
guarantee the welfare of their animals. The usual criteria for measuring animal
welfare in zoos are physical health, long life, and reproduction. This paper looks at
these criteria and finds them insufficient. Additional criteria are submitted to expand
the range of welfare considerations: natural and abnormal behavior; freedom and
choice; and dignity. All these criteria should play a role in analyzing zoo animal
welfare and interests but dignity has the overriding part because it impacts on both
animal and human interests.
KEY WORDS: animal, dignity, ethics, reintroduction, welfare, zoos
1. INTRODUCTION
Ethical justification for the existence of zoos is questionable. Justifications
have been given for their existence, such as conservation, education, science,
and recreation, but all these purposes have been criticized (e.g., Jamieson,
1985). However, the question raised in this paper is that of animal welfare in
terms of individual animal interests.1
Zoos often claim that having healthy, long-lived animals that reproduce
is sufficient proof of good care. I believe that these three criteria have to be
examined more closely and also that there are other important criteria of
zoo animal welfare: natural and abnormal behavior, freedom and choice,
and dignity. All these criteria should play a role in analyzing zoo animal
welfare and interests.2 I will examine whether a zoo that has the best pos-
sible conservation, education, and scientific programs can be justified in the
light of my new criteria.
1 I refuse to use the term ‘‘animal rights.’’ I think this term makes sense only in legal
discussions, while this paper is not about legal rights.
2 These criteria are artificially divided. It is never possible to say that this anim ...
21 Pros and Cons of ZoosJune 4, 2017 by Louise Gaill.docxstandfordabbot
Early childhood education programs play a critical role in developing children's language and literacy skills. The document outlines several policy recommendations to strengthen early literacy, including enrolling all children in early childhood education programs with strong literacy components, using evidence-based curricula integrated across domains, involving families, and assessing children's progress in multiple ways. It emphasizes the importance of oral language development, enriching children's background knowledge through exposure, aligning programs with standards, using appropriate curricula focusing on oral language, alphabetic codes, and comprehension, and applying evidence-based practices. It stresses the roles of accountability, assessment, and well-trained teachers in promoting children's holistic development.
A highly information packed facts, figures etc to prove the need of wildlife, existence in previous eras and their essentiality in the future through a series of easy to understand format, story, texts, arts and facts!!! Really helpful for building any kind of project on this topic for any level!!!
This document discusses animal welfare in captivity. It defines animal welfare as animals being free from prolonged negative emotions and having the ability to express natural behaviors. It discusses how zoos and farms have implemented environmental enrichments to improve animal welfare by allowing animals to engage in activities that meet physical, physiological and cognitive needs. These enrichments have been shown to increase behavioral diversity, reduce abnormal behaviors, and increase positive use of the captive environment. The document outlines different types of enrichments including physical, social, cognitive, sensory and dietary enrichments. It also discusses some current issues, such as the need to consider species-specific needs and take a multi-factorial approach to enrichments that considers animal welfare as well as human interests. There are
The document discusses arguments for and against keeping animals in zoos. Proponents argue that zoos educate the public, help conserve endangered species through breeding programs, and provide high-quality care of animals. Critics believe that confining animals violates their rights, causes stress and boredom, disrupts social bonds, and leads to overbreeding and poor treatment of surplus animals. While zoos aim to help species, critics argue that the needs and experiences of individual animals should also be considered.
English Essay- Should Animals Be Kept In Zoos?Jameel Malik
Zoos subject animals to cruel conditions by removing them from their natural habitats and families. Animals in zoos suffer poor health and live shorter lives due to inadequate and cramped enclosures. While zoos claim to help conservation, they cannot replicate natural habitats and separating animals is inhumane when humans are responsible for destroying animal environments. Overall, keeping animals in zoos is unethical given the mental and physical suffering it causes by taking animals out of the wild against their will.
1000 Words Research several organizations where you would like t.docxtrippettjettie
1000 Words
Research several organizations where you would like to volunteer - Facebook
Write a plan that explains where you would volunteer and in which department or area.
- Finance: How much does Facebook page brings in for advertisement revenue?
Be specific as to exactly what you would do and how it fits within your major - Business Management
Use good formatting, paragraphs, an Outline (such as cover/title page including your name, date, locations/organizations), Introduction paragraph(s), Main body sections (you name, given the content/topics/organizations), Conclusion, and References (if used in your writing).
.
100 wordsChapter 14 Theoretical Basis of CommunityPublic Heal.docxtrippettjettie
100 words
Chapter 14 Theoretical Basis of Community/Public Health Nursing Public health nursing is a community-oriented, population-focused nursing specialty that is based on interpersonal relationships. The unit of care is the community or population rather than the individual, and the goal is to promote healthy communities. The community health nurse has been assigned to count and interview homeless people sleeping in the local park to help in identifying programs to provide food, clothing, shelter, health care, and job training for the population. The community health nurse has to consider the eight principles of public health nursing in community health nursing practice when completing the assignment 1. There are essential characteristics of nursing service when a community is the client. Describe community-oriented, population-focused care, and relationship-based care. What type of care is been completed by the community health nurse who has been assigned to count and interview homeless people sleeping in the local park to help in identifying programs to provide food, clothing, shelter, health care, and job training for the population? 2. The goals of public health nursing, to promote and protect the health of communities, are facilitated by adhering to eight principles identified by the American Nurses Association (2007) for public health nursing practice. The community health nurse has to consider the eight principles of public health nursing in community health nursing practice when completing the assignment with homeless individuals. What are the eight principles? 3. There are numerous models of nursing practice that can be utilized in community health nursing practice. Theories and models of community/public health nursing practice aid the nurse in understanding the rationale behind community-oriented care. What are five of these models of nursing practice with a brief summary of the model?
.
1004.1.8 Multicultural Empires and the New World (through 15.docxtrippettjettie
1004.1.8
:
Multicultural Empires and the New World (through 1500 CE)
The graduate analyzes the spread of peoples, ideas, and technologies into new territories as civilizations advanced beyond their borders of origin.
INTRODUCTION
After the fall of the Mediterranean and Asian empires in the first centuries of the Common Era, new civilizations emerged and vied to expand their influence throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. To that end, they engaged in trade, territorial expansion, and even armed conflict, all of which led to increased interaction and exchange.
In this task, you will explain the role of religion in the origins and development of the Crusades. You will also be required to differentiate the methods used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties to expand Islamic civilization. Finally, you will discuss the importance of the Silk Roads in central Asia.
REQUIREMENTS
Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. An originality report is provided when you submit your task that can be used as a guide. NO PLAGIARISM
You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.
A. Explain the role of religion in the Crusades by doing the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
1. Discuss the origins of the Crusades.
2. Describe the methods used by the Roman Catholic Church to promote the Crusades.
B. Differentiate the methods used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties to expand Islamic civilization by doing the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
1. Describe the different methods of expansion used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
2. Contrast the religious policies and political administration of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
C. Discuss the significance of the Silk Roads in facilitating one of the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
• the sharing of new technology
• the growth of intercontinental trade
• the spread of epidemic diseases
D. Provide acknowledgement of source information, using in-text citations and references, for quoted, paraphrased, or summarized content.
1. Include the following information when providing source references:
• author
• date
• title
• location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, or website URL)
.
21 Pros and Cons of ZoosJune 4, 2017 by Louise Gaill.docxstandfordabbot
Early childhood education programs play a critical role in developing children's language and literacy skills. The document outlines several policy recommendations to strengthen early literacy, including enrolling all children in early childhood education programs with strong literacy components, using evidence-based curricula integrated across domains, involving families, and assessing children's progress in multiple ways. It emphasizes the importance of oral language development, enriching children's background knowledge through exposure, aligning programs with standards, using appropriate curricula focusing on oral language, alphabetic codes, and comprehension, and applying evidence-based practices. It stresses the roles of accountability, assessment, and well-trained teachers in promoting children's holistic development.
A highly information packed facts, figures etc to prove the need of wildlife, existence in previous eras and their essentiality in the future through a series of easy to understand format, story, texts, arts and facts!!! Really helpful for building any kind of project on this topic for any level!!!
This document discusses animal welfare in captivity. It defines animal welfare as animals being free from prolonged negative emotions and having the ability to express natural behaviors. It discusses how zoos and farms have implemented environmental enrichments to improve animal welfare by allowing animals to engage in activities that meet physical, physiological and cognitive needs. These enrichments have been shown to increase behavioral diversity, reduce abnormal behaviors, and increase positive use of the captive environment. The document outlines different types of enrichments including physical, social, cognitive, sensory and dietary enrichments. It also discusses some current issues, such as the need to consider species-specific needs and take a multi-factorial approach to enrichments that considers animal welfare as well as human interests. There are
The document discusses arguments for and against keeping animals in zoos. Proponents argue that zoos educate the public, help conserve endangered species through breeding programs, and provide high-quality care of animals. Critics believe that confining animals violates their rights, causes stress and boredom, disrupts social bonds, and leads to overbreeding and poor treatment of surplus animals. While zoos aim to help species, critics argue that the needs and experiences of individual animals should also be considered.
English Essay- Should Animals Be Kept In Zoos?Jameel Malik
Zoos subject animals to cruel conditions by removing them from their natural habitats and families. Animals in zoos suffer poor health and live shorter lives due to inadequate and cramped enclosures. While zoos claim to help conservation, they cannot replicate natural habitats and separating animals is inhumane when humans are responsible for destroying animal environments. Overall, keeping animals in zoos is unethical given the mental and physical suffering it causes by taking animals out of the wild against their will.
1000 Words Research several organizations where you would like t.docxtrippettjettie
1000 Words
Research several organizations where you would like to volunteer - Facebook
Write a plan that explains where you would volunteer and in which department or area.
- Finance: How much does Facebook page brings in for advertisement revenue?
Be specific as to exactly what you would do and how it fits within your major - Business Management
Use good formatting, paragraphs, an Outline (such as cover/title page including your name, date, locations/organizations), Introduction paragraph(s), Main body sections (you name, given the content/topics/organizations), Conclusion, and References (if used in your writing).
.
100 wordsChapter 14 Theoretical Basis of CommunityPublic Heal.docxtrippettjettie
100 words
Chapter 14 Theoretical Basis of Community/Public Health Nursing Public health nursing is a community-oriented, population-focused nursing specialty that is based on interpersonal relationships. The unit of care is the community or population rather than the individual, and the goal is to promote healthy communities. The community health nurse has been assigned to count and interview homeless people sleeping in the local park to help in identifying programs to provide food, clothing, shelter, health care, and job training for the population. The community health nurse has to consider the eight principles of public health nursing in community health nursing practice when completing the assignment 1. There are essential characteristics of nursing service when a community is the client. Describe community-oriented, population-focused care, and relationship-based care. What type of care is been completed by the community health nurse who has been assigned to count and interview homeless people sleeping in the local park to help in identifying programs to provide food, clothing, shelter, health care, and job training for the population? 2. The goals of public health nursing, to promote and protect the health of communities, are facilitated by adhering to eight principles identified by the American Nurses Association (2007) for public health nursing practice. The community health nurse has to consider the eight principles of public health nursing in community health nursing practice when completing the assignment with homeless individuals. What are the eight principles? 3. There are numerous models of nursing practice that can be utilized in community health nursing practice. Theories and models of community/public health nursing practice aid the nurse in understanding the rationale behind community-oriented care. What are five of these models of nursing practice with a brief summary of the model?
.
1004.1.8 Multicultural Empires and the New World (through 15.docxtrippettjettie
1004.1.8
:
Multicultural Empires and the New World (through 1500 CE)
The graduate analyzes the spread of peoples, ideas, and technologies into new territories as civilizations advanced beyond their borders of origin.
INTRODUCTION
After the fall of the Mediterranean and Asian empires in the first centuries of the Common Era, new civilizations emerged and vied to expand their influence throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. To that end, they engaged in trade, territorial expansion, and even armed conflict, all of which led to increased interaction and exchange.
In this task, you will explain the role of religion in the origins and development of the Crusades. You will also be required to differentiate the methods used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties to expand Islamic civilization. Finally, you will discuss the importance of the Silk Roads in central Asia.
REQUIREMENTS
Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. An originality report is provided when you submit your task that can be used as a guide. NO PLAGIARISM
You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.
A. Explain the role of religion in the Crusades by doing the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
1. Discuss the origins of the Crusades.
2. Describe the methods used by the Roman Catholic Church to promote the Crusades.
B. Differentiate the methods used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties to expand Islamic civilization by doing the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
1. Describe the different methods of expansion used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
2. Contrast the religious policies and political administration of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
C. Discuss the significance of the Silk Roads in facilitating one of the following (
suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs
):
• the sharing of new technology
• the growth of intercontinental trade
• the spread of epidemic diseases
D. Provide acknowledgement of source information, using in-text citations and references, for quoted, paraphrased, or summarized content.
1. Include the following information when providing source references:
• author
• date
• title
• location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, or website URL)
.
10.1Find the measure of the complement of the angle.1) Find the .docxtrippettjettie
10.1Find the measure of the complement of the angle.
1) Find the
complement
of 2°.
2) Find the
complement
of 7°.
10.2 Find
the measure of angle A for the
following
triangle
3) Angle A=? Angle B=107° Angle C=40°
10.4
Use formulas to find the area of the figure.
L x W
4)
8cm
7cm
10.5 Find the volume of the Rectangle Prism. If necessary, round the answer to the nearest whole number. V = Bh
6)
4ft3ft
9ft
11.1 Counting Principles
Solve the problem by applying the Fundamental Counting Principle with two groups of items.
7) A restaurant offers 7 entrees and 11 desserts. In how many ways can a person order a two-course meal?
8) A restaurant offers a choice of 4 salads,10 main courses, and 4 desserts. How many possible 3-course meals
are there?
11.2
Solve the Permutations
n P r =
n!
(n-r)!
9)There are 5 performers who are to present their acts at a variety show. How many different ways are there to schedule their appearances?
10) There are 8 performers who are to present their acts at a variety show. One of them insists on being the first act of the evening. If this request is granted, how many different ways are there to schedule the appearances?
11.3
Combinations
n C r =
n!
(n-r)! r!
11) 5C4
12) 6C4
11.4
Probability
13) A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Find the probability of
getting a 9
.
14) You are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability
of being dealt
a picture card.
11.6
ODDS
15) You are dealt one card from a 52-card deck. Find the probability that you are
not
dealt: a10.
11.7
Conditional Probability
Independent Events
16) A spinner is used for which it is equally probable that the pointer will land on any one of six regions.Three of the regions are colored red, two are colored green, and one is colored yellow. If the pointer is spun once, find theprobability it will land on green and then yellow.
12.1 Appropriate Sampling Techniques
17) The government of a town needs to determine if the city’s residents will support the construction of a new townhall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city’s residents. Which one of the followingprocedures would be
most
appropriate
for obtaining a sample of the town’s residents?
Explain WHY
?
A) Survey a random sample of persons with in each geographic region of the city.
B) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
C) Survey every 7th person who walks in to city hall on a given day.
D) Survey the first 500 people listed in the town’s telephone directory.
18) The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town’s residents will support the building of a newlibrary. The council decides .
100-150 words per bulletHow will I use influence and positive ta.docxtrippettjettie
100-150 words per bullet
How will I use influence and positive tactics that preserve students' personal dignity?
How will I stop misbehavior and help students return willingly to appropriate behavior?
How will I deal with minor misbehavior such as talking or distracting others?
How will I deal with more problematic behavior such as disrespect and apathy?
How will I deal with students' refusal to comply with directions or do acceptable work?
WRITE EACH BULLETED QUESTION IN BOLD PRINT AND THEN ANSWER WITH 100-150 WORDS. APA FORMAT PLEASE.
.
10 Pages. Due in 36 hours. No Plagiarism. This is an arti.docxtrippettjettie
10 Pages. Due in 36 hours. No Plagiarism.
This is an article to be written in conjunction with the content of the intermediate econ class and the information. Here are notes about what we have learned so far in class, which are basically classic models and keysian models, solow models, IS / LM models. For example, there are Monetary and Fiscal policy in which model is effective and so on. Combining this knowledge with the information checked.
.
10 points response is submitted, but it is incomplete or does n.docxtrippettjettie
10 points: response is submitted, but it is incomplete or does not address all aspects of the prompt.
11-15 points: response addresses all aspects of the prompt, but it is difficult to understand, contains errors, or addresses each aspect of the prompt only superficially (i.e. does not demonstrate any significant thoughtfulness or engagement with the course reading).
15-20 points: response addresses all aspects of the prompt, is accurate and easy to understand, and includes thoughtful observations and evidence of genuine intellectual engagement with the course reading (i.e. makes original observations about, draws attention to an important aspect of, and/or raises a meaningful question about some aspect of the course reading).
In your short response (approximately 200-250 words) to each course reading, you should include the following:
1. A 3-sentence summary of the course reading. The summary should be accurate, clear, and written so that someone unfamiliar with the reading could understand (in general) what the reading describes.
2. A description and discussion (you can include direct quotations from the reading if needed) of 1 particular moment, example, quotation, or idea presented in the reading that interests (or surprises) you, and an explanation of why it interests (or surprises) you.
3. A question raised by the reading
or
a connection of the reading with another course reading, multimodal object (such as a work of art, television show, youtube video, photograph, etc.), or news story/piece of journalism.
.
10 page APA format research methodology paper about the National.docxtrippettjettie
10 page APA format research methodology paper about the National Longitudinal Surveys for the Young Women cohort. Must include abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and reference.
Null hypothesis: Women employment status has not changed in the past 50 years. Alternative hypothesis: women employment status has changed in the past 50 years.
.
10 Sentence minumumWatch the video, Condition of Educa.docxtrippettjettie
10 Sentence minumum
Watch the video,
Condition of Education (COE) 2019 Highlights
.
Looking back at the last week’s discussion, in which you identified the most pressing issue facing U.S. education, has this issue been highlighted in the annual report? Do you see evidence of its importance? Consider whether this issue has an impact on your current or desired role in education. If it does not have an impact on your role, explain your current or desired role and why it is not affected by this issue. If it does impact your role, explain how it affects you specifically.
Do you think this issue exists in other countries, particularly developing countries? Why or why not? Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates’ posts. Comment on the relevance of the selected educational issue here in the United States. and its relevance in developing countries.
.
1000 WordsUtopias are envisioned societies where human beings li.docxtrippettjettie
1000 WordsUtopias
are envisioned societies where human beings live a best possible life. Utopias are here distinguished from dystopias.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you are to construct an Engels-Inspired Utopia.Such a utopia will have 3 main characteristics:
A highly developed technologically driven global society.
Completely devoid of capitalism.
With minimal if any government.
PREPARING FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
Consider trends in our present-day society that suggest ways that technology is making the need for capitalism obsolete. This should give you a general sense of how to construct an Engels Utopia.Next, you should consider some currently important areas of society (such as those listed below) that you might find most feasible to extrapolate as elements of this futuristic Utopia.
WRITING THE ASSIGNMENT
After choosing
two
of the possible areas below, write a
1000 word essay
describing what that area might be like in an Engels non-capitalist technologically driven future.
ART AND/OR ENTERTAINMENT
GOODS: DURABLE & PERISHABLE
TRANSPORTATION
FOOD SERVICES
MEDIUMS OF EXCHANGE
SAFETY/LAWS
COMMUNICATION
****USING UTILITARIAN THEORY
This assignment requires you to make direct reference to the relevant readings in the course and at least one outside source that is relevant to your Engels utopian vision. On formatting your paper: I will accept both APA or MLA styles, however do
not
include a cover sheet. Please be sure to include a bibliography or works cited for all relevant information.
.
100 word minimum per question.Chapter 171. Identify and .docxtrippettjettie
100 word minimum per question.
Chapter 17
1. Identify and discuss the 8 major modes of communication that are part of the marketing communications mix.
2. Identify and discuss the 6 elements of the hierarchy of effects model.
3. Identify and discuss 4 possible communication objectives.
Chapter 18
4 Identify and discuss the 4 advertising objectives.
5 Discuss television ads as it relates to developing the advertising campaign.
6 Discuss media selection, reach, frequency, and impact.
.
7 Based on the article in the Journal of Marketing,
discuss
data access vulnerability
: the ethical and legal issues associated with the firm having access to the customer’s personal data.
What do you see as the ethical dilemma? As a consultant to executives, what recommendations would you make regarding data privacy?
.
100 wordsCase Study Chapter 17 Being Prepared Impact of D.docxtrippettjettie
100 words
Case Study Chapter 17
Being Prepared: Impact of Disaster, Terrorism, and War Many opportunities are available for both student nurses and experienced community health nurses to become involved in emergency preparedness and response efforts. A disaster is any event that causes a level of destruction that exceeds the abilities of the affected community to respond without assistance. Disasters may be caused by natural or man-made/technologic events and may be classified as multiple-casualty incidents or mass-casualty incidents. Student nurses are developing a plan on how to approach the upcoming community-wide disaster drill.
1. What characteristics of disasters, including causation, number of casualties, scope, and intensity, should the student nurses consider?
2. What factors contribute to a community’s potential for experiencing a disaster?
3. What are the four phases of disaster management that must be included in the student nurses planning for the drill?
4. Using the levels of prevention, what is the role of the community health nurse in relations to acts of chemical, biologic, or nuclear terrorism?
.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE Satu.docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Saturday, October 31, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
Topic:
Austin, TX Police Budget cuts affecting public safety.
Discuss:
What possible changes in public policy and the political process could have led to this decision? What may be the result?
Write
a 1,300- to 1,400-word paper about how the political process and changing public policy at the federal, state, and municipal levels influence budgeting. Include details on how the change came about and its effect on the resulting program. Ensure you:
Identify political, economic, social, and cultural influences that caused the change in the budget.
Identify the interaction among the federal, state, and municipal levels with regard to your selected program.
Specify the limits of the agency budget office and how they may try to compensate for those limits.
Identify some strategies and agencies politicians might use to justify increasing or decreasing the budget for the program you selected.
Note:
This assignment must not become a discussion on the advisability of one political position over another. Focus on how politics influence budgeting.
Include a minimum of 4 references
from texts, articles, journals, local police or criminal policy, and websites;
only 2 may be websites.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
.
.
100 Blue Ravine RoadFolsom, CA 95630916-932-1300www.erep.docxtrippettjettie
100 Blue Ravine Road
Folsom, CA 95630
916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
Page #
__________Designer __________Creative Dir.
__________Editorial __________Prepress
__________Other ____________OK to go
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100 Blue Ravine Road
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916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
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www.govtech.com // January/February 2020 15
Back to
the Future
How does the state
of tech in 2020 compare
to predictions made
on the cusp of Y2K?
By Pamela Martineau
2020
U
N
S
P
L
A
S
H
/C
H
R
IS
Y
A
N
G
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Folsom, CA 95630
916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
Page #
__________Designer __________Creative Dir.
__________Editorial __________Prepress
__________Other ____________OK to go
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Some of these tech predictions became
reality, while others never came close or
were only adopted in a limited fashion. And
some — especially in the area of policing —
exceeded expectations. And on the eve of
the year 2000, the world held its collective
breath, anticipating a massively disrup-
tive Y2K computer crash. But that never
happened at all, in large part because
governments prepared for it. Neverthe-
less, Y2K hype changed the way govern-
ments view and secure digital systems.
Rob Atkinson, president of the Information
Technology and Innovation Foundation,
said technological advancement
sometimes can be too fi ckle to predict.
“People tend to overestimate the
rate of technological change,” said
Atkinson, though there are exceptions.
Stephen Goldsmith, director of the
Innovations in Government Program
and Data-Smart City
Solution
s at the
John F. Kennedy School of Govern-
ment at Harvard University, said that
in some areas, technological advance-
ments have exceeded expectations
made in 2000. But governments have
not kept up with the pace of change
to the degree that could assist their
missions even more, he added.
“We still are operating in command
control silos and hierarchical systems
which tamp down the ability to dramati-
cally use the technological changes,”
said Goldsmith.
Here we look at where we w.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE Frid.docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Friday, October 16, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
When dealing with public policy and funding, it is very important to understand budgeting and its various approaches. In this assignment, you research and share information about budgeting approaches.
Write
a 800- to 1,050-word paper in which you:
- Evaluate how different budget approaches impact the development, implementation, and justification of existing and new programs.
- Identify at least two major budgetary reform approaches, such as zero-based budgeting and performance-based budgeting, and their effects on justification of new or existing programs.
Provide a brief description of these approaches and their effects on budgeting.
Explain how these major reform approaches might assist a community as it deals with decreased funding from the state or federal government and lower collections of revenue at the local level.
Identify the impact of these major reform approaches on the budget office.
Format
your manual according to APA standards.
Include at least four additional scholarly references.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
100% Original Work
.
100 Guaranteed No PlagiarismPlease read all the instructions .docxtrippettjettie
*100% Guaranteed No Plagiarism
*Please read all the instructions and ensure that that are clear before excepting the assignment.
*Please use the rubrics as a guide to meet the Criteria for the paper
*Please provide turn in report when assignment is complete
.
10-K 1 f12312012-10k.htm 10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
R Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
or
o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file number 1-3950
Ford Motor Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 38-0549190
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48126
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
313-322-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered*
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
__________
* In addition, shares of Common Stock of Ford are listed on certain stock exchanges in Europe.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No R
2/14/20, 1:37 PM
Page 1 of 287
Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a
smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer R Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Sm.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE .docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Sunday, June 12, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
Background:
Views on justice impact many areas of criminal justice, including the concepts of fairness, equality, and impartiality, and influence the ethical standards you apply in various situations in the field. Your views on justice and how you act in situations will affect the opinions others have of you in the communities you serve. Views on justice also impact actions taken and decisions made that affect the wider population.
Write
a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper describing the origins of the concept of justice and how you believe they are defined today.
Include the following:
-Explain Aristotle’s ethical ideas of distributive and procedural justice.
-Compare substantive justice and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and moral perceptions of racial discrimination, such as the Central Park Five and the story of Brian Banks, a former football star.
-Explain how you understand justice as defined by today’s modern criminal justice agencies. Include reasoning and examples in your explanation to support your opinion.
Include at least four additional scholarly reference.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
100% Original Work
.
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propa.docxtrippettjettie
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propagate?
10.2 What are four broad categories of payloads that malware may carry?
10.3 What are typical phases of operation of a virus or worm?
10.4 What mechanisms can a virus use to conceal itself?
10.5 What is the difference between machine-executable and macro viruses?
10.6 What means can a worm use to access remote systems to propagate?
10.7 What is a “drive-by-download” and how does it differ from a worm?
10.8 What is a “logic bomb”?
10.9 Differentiate among the following: a backdoor, a bot, a keylogger, spyware, and a rootkit? Can they all be present in the same malware?
10.10 List some of the different levels in a system that a rootkit may use.
10.11 Describe some malware countermeasure elements.
10.12 List three places malware mitigation mechanisms may be located.
10.13 Briefly describe the four generations of antivirus software.
10.14 How does behavior-blocking software work?
10.15 What is a distributed denial-of-service system?
.
10-1Social Networking Please respond to the following L.docxtrippettjettie
10-1
"Social Networking" Please respond to the following:
List three positive and three negative impacts of social networking. In your opinion, determine whether the positive impacts outweigh the negative impacts for a company determined to increase company awareness. Describe the role of the CIO in relationship to social networking and the organization. Describe the key activities that the CIO should be engaged in.
Discuss ways that the IT organization can counter the negative impacts of social networking. Explain how the IT organization can maintain an ethical posture while managing organizational behavior related to social networking.
10-2
"Data Protection and Security" Please respond to the following:
As the CIO of a company engaged in business today, one of the main areas of focus is data protection. Discuss the key data protection points that must be taken into consideration prior to a strategy plan and policy being established for a company that has large data repositories and numerous external partners.
Assess the value that the International Standards Organization (ISO) provides CIOs, regardless of the industry in which the company is engaged. Explain whether adherence to the standards is essential to overall security management.
.
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship ManagementDmitry .docxtrippettjettie
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship Management
Dmitry Kalinovsky/iStock/Thinkstock
Patronage by loyal customers yields 65 percent of a typical business’ volume.
—American Management Association
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Identify how organizational growth is best achieved by an HCO, and state the effect of the product life cycle
on an organization’s revenues.
• Discuss several approaches that an HCO can use to attract new customers, or patients.
• Delineate the premises upon which customer relationship management is based.
• Explain the advantages of database marketing, and identify ways for an organization to use a marketing
database.
• Provide examples of how an HCO can effectively manage real and virtual customer interactions.
Section 10.1Organizational Growth
Introduction
This chapter focuses on how to attract and keep patients through understanding and meeting
their needs. The long-term success of an HCO depends on its ability to attract new patients
and turn them into loyal customers who not only return for needed services, but recommend
the HCO’s services to others. This is especially important because of the nature of the life cycle
for products and services, from their introduction to their decline. Attracting new customers
and keeping existing ones involves interacting internally and externally with patients, analyz-
ing data on current patients, and managing real and virtual interactions with patients. Manag-
ing relationships with patients helps to ensure that patients stay informed and feel connected
to the HCO through its internal and external customer relationship efforts.
10.1 Organizational Growth
Most organizations have growth as a basic goal. Growth means an increase in revenue and
a greater impact on the communities served. Growth also creates opportunities for staff to
advance and take on new responsibilities. While many activities can help an HCO grow, the
most important is the development of an effective marketing plan to provide a consistent
platform for the organization’s visibility and to brand the HCO as an attractive option for
medical services. The development of an effective marketing plan was stressed in Chapter 8
as a basic marketing need for an HCO: that is, to inform new and existing customers of the
organization’s services and to persuade them to continue using or to try using these services.
Product/Service Life Cycles
Like people, products and services have a life cycle. The term product life cycle refers to the
stages that a product or service goes through from the time it is introduced until it is taken
off the market or “dies.” The stages of the product life cycle, illustrated in Figure 10.1, usually
include the following descriptions:
• Introduction—The stage of researching, developing, and launching the product or
service.
• Growth—The stage when revenues are increasing at a fast rate.
• M.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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10.1Find the measure of the complement of the angle.1) Find the .docxtrippettjettie
10.1Find the measure of the complement of the angle.
1) Find the
complement
of 2°.
2) Find the
complement
of 7°.
10.2 Find
the measure of angle A for the
following
triangle
3) Angle A=? Angle B=107° Angle C=40°
10.4
Use formulas to find the area of the figure.
L x W
4)
8cm
7cm
10.5 Find the volume of the Rectangle Prism. If necessary, round the answer to the nearest whole number. V = Bh
6)
4ft3ft
9ft
11.1 Counting Principles
Solve the problem by applying the Fundamental Counting Principle with two groups of items.
7) A restaurant offers 7 entrees and 11 desserts. In how many ways can a person order a two-course meal?
8) A restaurant offers a choice of 4 salads,10 main courses, and 4 desserts. How many possible 3-course meals
are there?
11.2
Solve the Permutations
n P r =
n!
(n-r)!
9)There are 5 performers who are to present their acts at a variety show. How many different ways are there to schedule their appearances?
10) There are 8 performers who are to present their acts at a variety show. One of them insists on being the first act of the evening. If this request is granted, how many different ways are there to schedule the appearances?
11.3
Combinations
n C r =
n!
(n-r)! r!
11) 5C4
12) 6C4
11.4
Probability
13) A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Find the probability of
getting a 9
.
14) You are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability
of being dealt
a picture card.
11.6
ODDS
15) You are dealt one card from a 52-card deck. Find the probability that you are
not
dealt: a10.
11.7
Conditional Probability
Independent Events
16) A spinner is used for which it is equally probable that the pointer will land on any one of six regions.Three of the regions are colored red, two are colored green, and one is colored yellow. If the pointer is spun once, find theprobability it will land on green and then yellow.
12.1 Appropriate Sampling Techniques
17) The government of a town needs to determine if the city’s residents will support the construction of a new townhall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the city’s residents. Which one of the followingprocedures would be
most
appropriate
for obtaining a sample of the town’s residents?
Explain WHY
?
A) Survey a random sample of persons with in each geographic region of the city.
B) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
C) Survey every 7th person who walks in to city hall on a given day.
D) Survey the first 500 people listed in the town’s telephone directory.
18) The city council of a small town needs to determine if the town’s residents will support the building of a newlibrary. The council decides .
100-150 words per bulletHow will I use influence and positive ta.docxtrippettjettie
100-150 words per bullet
How will I use influence and positive tactics that preserve students' personal dignity?
How will I stop misbehavior and help students return willingly to appropriate behavior?
How will I deal with minor misbehavior such as talking or distracting others?
How will I deal with more problematic behavior such as disrespect and apathy?
How will I deal with students' refusal to comply with directions or do acceptable work?
WRITE EACH BULLETED QUESTION IN BOLD PRINT AND THEN ANSWER WITH 100-150 WORDS. APA FORMAT PLEASE.
.
10 Pages. Due in 36 hours. No Plagiarism. This is an arti.docxtrippettjettie
10 Pages. Due in 36 hours. No Plagiarism.
This is an article to be written in conjunction with the content of the intermediate econ class and the information. Here are notes about what we have learned so far in class, which are basically classic models and keysian models, solow models, IS / LM models. For example, there are Monetary and Fiscal policy in which model is effective and so on. Combining this knowledge with the information checked.
.
10 points response is submitted, but it is incomplete or does n.docxtrippettjettie
10 points: response is submitted, but it is incomplete or does not address all aspects of the prompt.
11-15 points: response addresses all aspects of the prompt, but it is difficult to understand, contains errors, or addresses each aspect of the prompt only superficially (i.e. does not demonstrate any significant thoughtfulness or engagement with the course reading).
15-20 points: response addresses all aspects of the prompt, is accurate and easy to understand, and includes thoughtful observations and evidence of genuine intellectual engagement with the course reading (i.e. makes original observations about, draws attention to an important aspect of, and/or raises a meaningful question about some aspect of the course reading).
In your short response (approximately 200-250 words) to each course reading, you should include the following:
1. A 3-sentence summary of the course reading. The summary should be accurate, clear, and written so that someone unfamiliar with the reading could understand (in general) what the reading describes.
2. A description and discussion (you can include direct quotations from the reading if needed) of 1 particular moment, example, quotation, or idea presented in the reading that interests (or surprises) you, and an explanation of why it interests (or surprises) you.
3. A question raised by the reading
or
a connection of the reading with another course reading, multimodal object (such as a work of art, television show, youtube video, photograph, etc.), or news story/piece of journalism.
.
10 page APA format research methodology paper about the National.docxtrippettjettie
10 page APA format research methodology paper about the National Longitudinal Surveys for the Young Women cohort. Must include abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and reference.
Null hypothesis: Women employment status has not changed in the past 50 years. Alternative hypothesis: women employment status has changed in the past 50 years.
.
10 Sentence minumumWatch the video, Condition of Educa.docxtrippettjettie
10 Sentence minumum
Watch the video,
Condition of Education (COE) 2019 Highlights
.
Looking back at the last week’s discussion, in which you identified the most pressing issue facing U.S. education, has this issue been highlighted in the annual report? Do you see evidence of its importance? Consider whether this issue has an impact on your current or desired role in education. If it does not have an impact on your role, explain your current or desired role and why it is not affected by this issue. If it does impact your role, explain how it affects you specifically.
Do you think this issue exists in other countries, particularly developing countries? Why or why not? Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates’ posts. Comment on the relevance of the selected educational issue here in the United States. and its relevance in developing countries.
.
1000 WordsUtopias are envisioned societies where human beings li.docxtrippettjettie
1000 WordsUtopias
are envisioned societies where human beings live a best possible life. Utopias are here distinguished from dystopias.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you are to construct an Engels-Inspired Utopia.Such a utopia will have 3 main characteristics:
A highly developed technologically driven global society.
Completely devoid of capitalism.
With minimal if any government.
PREPARING FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
Consider trends in our present-day society that suggest ways that technology is making the need for capitalism obsolete. This should give you a general sense of how to construct an Engels Utopia.Next, you should consider some currently important areas of society (such as those listed below) that you might find most feasible to extrapolate as elements of this futuristic Utopia.
WRITING THE ASSIGNMENT
After choosing
two
of the possible areas below, write a
1000 word essay
describing what that area might be like in an Engels non-capitalist technologically driven future.
ART AND/OR ENTERTAINMENT
GOODS: DURABLE & PERISHABLE
TRANSPORTATION
FOOD SERVICES
MEDIUMS OF EXCHANGE
SAFETY/LAWS
COMMUNICATION
****USING UTILITARIAN THEORY
This assignment requires you to make direct reference to the relevant readings in the course and at least one outside source that is relevant to your Engels utopian vision. On formatting your paper: I will accept both APA or MLA styles, however do
not
include a cover sheet. Please be sure to include a bibliography or works cited for all relevant information.
.
100 word minimum per question.Chapter 171. Identify and .docxtrippettjettie
100 word minimum per question.
Chapter 17
1. Identify and discuss the 8 major modes of communication that are part of the marketing communications mix.
2. Identify and discuss the 6 elements of the hierarchy of effects model.
3. Identify and discuss 4 possible communication objectives.
Chapter 18
4 Identify and discuss the 4 advertising objectives.
5 Discuss television ads as it relates to developing the advertising campaign.
6 Discuss media selection, reach, frequency, and impact.
.
7 Based on the article in the Journal of Marketing,
discuss
data access vulnerability
: the ethical and legal issues associated with the firm having access to the customer’s personal data.
What do you see as the ethical dilemma? As a consultant to executives, what recommendations would you make regarding data privacy?
.
100 wordsCase Study Chapter 17 Being Prepared Impact of D.docxtrippettjettie
100 words
Case Study Chapter 17
Being Prepared: Impact of Disaster, Terrorism, and War Many opportunities are available for both student nurses and experienced community health nurses to become involved in emergency preparedness and response efforts. A disaster is any event that causes a level of destruction that exceeds the abilities of the affected community to respond without assistance. Disasters may be caused by natural or man-made/technologic events and may be classified as multiple-casualty incidents or mass-casualty incidents. Student nurses are developing a plan on how to approach the upcoming community-wide disaster drill.
1. What characteristics of disasters, including causation, number of casualties, scope, and intensity, should the student nurses consider?
2. What factors contribute to a community’s potential for experiencing a disaster?
3. What are the four phases of disaster management that must be included in the student nurses planning for the drill?
4. Using the levels of prevention, what is the role of the community health nurse in relations to acts of chemical, biologic, or nuclear terrorism?
.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE Satu.docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Saturday, October 31, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
Topic:
Austin, TX Police Budget cuts affecting public safety.
Discuss:
What possible changes in public policy and the political process could have led to this decision? What may be the result?
Write
a 1,300- to 1,400-word paper about how the political process and changing public policy at the federal, state, and municipal levels influence budgeting. Include details on how the change came about and its effect on the resulting program. Ensure you:
Identify political, economic, social, and cultural influences that caused the change in the budget.
Identify the interaction among the federal, state, and municipal levels with regard to your selected program.
Specify the limits of the agency budget office and how they may try to compensate for those limits.
Identify some strategies and agencies politicians might use to justify increasing or decreasing the budget for the program you selected.
Note:
This assignment must not become a discussion on the advisability of one political position over another. Focus on how politics influence budgeting.
Include a minimum of 4 references
from texts, articles, journals, local police or criminal policy, and websites;
only 2 may be websites.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
.
.
100 Blue Ravine RoadFolsom, CA 95630916-932-1300www.erep.docxtrippettjettie
100 Blue Ravine Road
Folsom, CA 95630
916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
Page #
__________Designer __________Creative Dir.
__________Editorial __________Prepress
__________Other ____________OK to go
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BLACK
YELLOW
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100 Blue Ravine Road
Folsom, CA 95630
916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
Page #
__________Designer __________Creative Dir.
__________Editorial __________Prepress
__________Other ____________OK to go
5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100
BLACK
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www.govtech.com // January/February 2020 15
Back to
the Future
How does the state
of tech in 2020 compare
to predictions made
on the cusp of Y2K?
By Pamela Martineau
2020
U
N
S
P
L
A
S
H
/C
H
R
IS
Y
A
N
G
GT01_14.indd 15GT01_14.indd 15 12/11/19 3:34 PM12/11/19 3:34 PM
100 Blue Ravine Road
Folsom, CA 95630
916-932-1300
www.erepublic.com
Page #
__________Designer __________Creative Dir.
__________Editorial __________Prepress
__________Other ____________OK to go
5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100 5 25 50 75 95 100
BLACK
YELLOW
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Some of these tech predictions became
reality, while others never came close or
were only adopted in a limited fashion. And
some — especially in the area of policing —
exceeded expectations. And on the eve of
the year 2000, the world held its collective
breath, anticipating a massively disrup-
tive Y2K computer crash. But that never
happened at all, in large part because
governments prepared for it. Neverthe-
less, Y2K hype changed the way govern-
ments view and secure digital systems.
Rob Atkinson, president of the Information
Technology and Innovation Foundation,
said technological advancement
sometimes can be too fi ckle to predict.
“People tend to overestimate the
rate of technological change,” said
Atkinson, though there are exceptions.
Stephen Goldsmith, director of the
Innovations in Government Program
and Data-Smart City
Solution
s at the
John F. Kennedy School of Govern-
ment at Harvard University, said that
in some areas, technological advance-
ments have exceeded expectations
made in 2000. But governments have
not kept up with the pace of change
to the degree that could assist their
missions even more, he added.
“We still are operating in command
control silos and hierarchical systems
which tamp down the ability to dramati-
cally use the technological changes,”
said Goldsmith.
Here we look at where we w.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE Frid.docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Friday, October 16, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
When dealing with public policy and funding, it is very important to understand budgeting and its various approaches. In this assignment, you research and share information about budgeting approaches.
Write
a 800- to 1,050-word paper in which you:
- Evaluate how different budget approaches impact the development, implementation, and justification of existing and new programs.
- Identify at least two major budgetary reform approaches, such as zero-based budgeting and performance-based budgeting, and their effects on justification of new or existing programs.
Provide a brief description of these approaches and their effects on budgeting.
Explain how these major reform approaches might assist a community as it deals with decreased funding from the state or federal government and lower collections of revenue at the local level.
Identify the impact of these major reform approaches on the budget office.
Format
your manual according to APA standards.
Include at least four additional scholarly references.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
100% Original Work
.
100 Guaranteed No PlagiarismPlease read all the instructions .docxtrippettjettie
*100% Guaranteed No Plagiarism
*Please read all the instructions and ensure that that are clear before excepting the assignment.
*Please use the rubrics as a guide to meet the Criteria for the paper
*Please provide turn in report when assignment is complete
.
10-K 1 f12312012-10k.htm 10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
R Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
or
o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file number 1-3950
Ford Motor Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 38-0549190
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48126
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
313-322-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered*
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
__________
* In addition, shares of Common Stock of Ford are listed on certain stock exchanges in Europe.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No R
2/14/20, 1:37 PM
Page 1 of 287
Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a
smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer R Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Sm.
100 Original Work.Graduate Level Writing Required.DUE .docxtrippettjettie
100% Original Work.
Graduate Level Writing Required.
DUE: Sunday, June 12, 2020 by 5pm Eastern Standard Time.
Background:
Views on justice impact many areas of criminal justice, including the concepts of fairness, equality, and impartiality, and influence the ethical standards you apply in various situations in the field. Your views on justice and how you act in situations will affect the opinions others have of you in the communities you serve. Views on justice also impact actions taken and decisions made that affect the wider population.
Write
a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper describing the origins of the concept of justice and how you believe they are defined today.
Include the following:
-Explain Aristotle’s ethical ideas of distributive and procedural justice.
-Compare substantive justice and procedural justice, including how procedural justice impacts wrongful convictions and moral perceptions of racial discrimination, such as the Central Park Five and the story of Brian Banks, a former football star.
-Explain how you understand justice as defined by today’s modern criminal justice agencies. Include reasoning and examples in your explanation to support your opinion.
Include at least four additional scholarly reference.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Must Be Graduate Level Writing
100% Original Work
.
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propa.docxtrippettjettie
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propagate?
10.2 What are four broad categories of payloads that malware may carry?
10.3 What are typical phases of operation of a virus or worm?
10.4 What mechanisms can a virus use to conceal itself?
10.5 What is the difference between machine-executable and macro viruses?
10.6 What means can a worm use to access remote systems to propagate?
10.7 What is a “drive-by-download” and how does it differ from a worm?
10.8 What is a “logic bomb”?
10.9 Differentiate among the following: a backdoor, a bot, a keylogger, spyware, and a rootkit? Can they all be present in the same malware?
10.10 List some of the different levels in a system that a rootkit may use.
10.11 Describe some malware countermeasure elements.
10.12 List three places malware mitigation mechanisms may be located.
10.13 Briefly describe the four generations of antivirus software.
10.14 How does behavior-blocking software work?
10.15 What is a distributed denial-of-service system?
.
10-1Social Networking Please respond to the following L.docxtrippettjettie
10-1
"Social Networking" Please respond to the following:
List three positive and three negative impacts of social networking. In your opinion, determine whether the positive impacts outweigh the negative impacts for a company determined to increase company awareness. Describe the role of the CIO in relationship to social networking and the organization. Describe the key activities that the CIO should be engaged in.
Discuss ways that the IT organization can counter the negative impacts of social networking. Explain how the IT organization can maintain an ethical posture while managing organizational behavior related to social networking.
10-2
"Data Protection and Security" Please respond to the following:
As the CIO of a company engaged in business today, one of the main areas of focus is data protection. Discuss the key data protection points that must be taken into consideration prior to a strategy plan and policy being established for a company that has large data repositories and numerous external partners.
Assess the value that the International Standards Organization (ISO) provides CIOs, regardless of the industry in which the company is engaged. Explain whether adherence to the standards is essential to overall security management.
.
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship ManagementDmitry .docxtrippettjettie
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship Management
Dmitry Kalinovsky/iStock/Thinkstock
Patronage by loyal customers yields 65 percent of a typical business’ volume.
—American Management Association
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Identify how organizational growth is best achieved by an HCO, and state the effect of the product life cycle
on an organization’s revenues.
• Discuss several approaches that an HCO can use to attract new customers, or patients.
• Delineate the premises upon which customer relationship management is based.
• Explain the advantages of database marketing, and identify ways for an organization to use a marketing
database.
• Provide examples of how an HCO can effectively manage real and virtual customer interactions.
Section 10.1Organizational Growth
Introduction
This chapter focuses on how to attract and keep patients through understanding and meeting
their needs. The long-term success of an HCO depends on its ability to attract new patients
and turn them into loyal customers who not only return for needed services, but recommend
the HCO’s services to others. This is especially important because of the nature of the life cycle
for products and services, from their introduction to their decline. Attracting new customers
and keeping existing ones involves interacting internally and externally with patients, analyz-
ing data on current patients, and managing real and virtual interactions with patients. Manag-
ing relationships with patients helps to ensure that patients stay informed and feel connected
to the HCO through its internal and external customer relationship efforts.
10.1 Organizational Growth
Most organizations have growth as a basic goal. Growth means an increase in revenue and
a greater impact on the communities served. Growth also creates opportunities for staff to
advance and take on new responsibilities. While many activities can help an HCO grow, the
most important is the development of an effective marketing plan to provide a consistent
platform for the organization’s visibility and to brand the HCO as an attractive option for
medical services. The development of an effective marketing plan was stressed in Chapter 8
as a basic marketing need for an HCO: that is, to inform new and existing customers of the
organization’s services and to persuade them to continue using or to try using these services.
Product/Service Life Cycles
Like people, products and services have a life cycle. The term product life cycle refers to the
stages that a product or service goes through from the time it is introduced until it is taken
off the market or “dies.” The stages of the product life cycle, illustrated in Figure 10.1, usually
include the following descriptions:
• Introduction—The stage of researching, developing, and launching the product or
service.
• Growth—The stage when revenues are increasing at a fast rate.
• M.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Assignment 11. Research at least two articles on the topic of .docx
1. Assignment 1
1. Research at least two articles on the topic of managerial
issues of a networked organization. Write a brief synthesis and
summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two
articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
2. Research at least two articles on the topic of emerging
enterprise network applications. Write a brief synthesis and
summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two
articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
3. Research at least two articles on the topic of mobile
computing and its business implications. Write a brief synthesis
and summary of the two articles. How are the topics of the two
articles related? What information was relevant and why?
Provide the references in your responses.
Your post should be 300 words long
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE
(Accepted in revised form August 25, 2005)
2. ABSTRACT. The continuing existence of zoos and their good
purposes such as
conservation, science, education, and recreation, can be
ethically justified only if zoos
guarantee the welfare of their animals. The usual criteria for
measuring animal
welfare in zoos are physical health, long life, and reproduction.
This paper looks at
these criteria and finds them insufficient. Additional criteria are
submitted to expand
the range of welfare considerations: natural and abnormal
behavior; freedom and
choice; and dignity. All these criteria should play a role in
analyzing zoo animal
welfare and interests but dignity has the overriding part because
it impacts on both
animal and human interests.
KEY WORDS: animal, dignity, ethics, reintroduction, welfare,
zoos
1. INTRODUCTION
Ethical justification for the existence of zoos is questionable.
Justifications
have been given for their existence, such as conservation,
education, science,
and recreation, but all these purposes have been criticized (e.g.,
Jamieson,
1985). However, the question raised in this paper is that of
animal welfare in
terms of individual animal interests.1
Zoos often claim that having healthy, long-lived animals that
3. reproduce
is sufficient proof of good care. I believe that these three
criteria have to be
examined more closely and also that there are other important
criteria of
zoo animal welfare: natural and abnormal behavior, freedom
and choice,
and dignity. All these criteria should play a role in analyzing
zoo animal
welfare and interests.2 I will examine whether a zoo that has the
best pos-
sible conservation, education, and scientific programs can be
justified in the
light of my new criteria.
1 I refuse to use the term ‘‘animal rights.’’ I think this term
makes sense only in legal
discussions, while this paper is not about legal rights.
2 These criteria are artificially divided. It is never possible to
say that this animal is suffering
only from lack of freedom, for instance.
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (2006) 19:27–
36
DOI 10.1007/s10806-005-4380-2 ! Springer 2006
2. PHYSICAL HEALTH
There is no doubt that good physical health is a necessary
condition for the
4. welfare of any animal, and in general, animals in zoos appear to
physically
suffer less than animals in nature through veterinary care and
medicines,
including pain killers. But this is misleading. The nature of pain
is a complex
issue and it can be difficult for zookeepers to reliably recognize
pain in
animals, especially if there is no obvious cause. Also, zoo
animals suffer
physical health problems specific to their environment. Injuries
requiring
treatment are often caused by limited or unsuitable enclosures.
Animals
unaccustomed to a new enclosure or innovation often hurt
themselves. Also,
Bostock (1993) argues that the population density in zoos
causes fast
transmission of infections and parasites, some of which are
human in origin;
for example primates often get colds, influenza, tuberculosis, or
measles.
3. LONG LIFE AND EUTHANASIA
On average, animals live much longer in zoos that in nature.
Zoo animals
are probably the longest living animals in captivity,3 as
agricultural and
laboratory animals mostly have a limited lifetime. But is a long
and safe life
5. in zoos always better than a short and ‘‘risky’’ life in nature,
and is longevity
always proof of good care and welfare? As the experienced zoo
director
Heini Hediger (1950) said, ‘‘The attainment of ripe old age in
captivity is no
guarantee of biologically right treatment.’’ A long life cannot
be good if the
zoo fails to provide fitting conditions. A long life full of
suffering is no
advantage for an animal.
Should a zoo cull if animal welfare cannot be maintained?
Authors like
Lacy (1996) believe that culling is right. No zoo has unlimited
space or
possibilities and ensuring good welfare must be a priority. By
keeping ani-
mals captive, we take responsibility for their life, including a
painless death.
Lacy also raises the question of why the public doesn’t
generally accept
culling of zoo animals whilst it is tolerant of slaughtering
animals in agri-
culture. His answer is that people sympathize with zoo animals
as they do
with pets, and many people don’t put down their old, very ill,
and obviously
suffering animals.
6. We often give preference to our own feelings over the needs of
animals.
Because of this, many zoos refuse to talk about culling. They
believe that
public opinion would be against them. This is a false strategy:
people are not
blind to the fact that spring’s babies are missing at the end of
autumn. Part
3 This does not include pets.
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ28
owner
owner
of education in zoos is basic biology, which should include
understanding
that death is part of life, and nobody should think that vultures,
crocodiles,
tigers, or chimpanzees are vegetarian.
4. REPRODUCTION
Successful reproduction is the pride of every zoo and certain
new-born
animals attract the media and increase public attendance. It is
7. generally
thought that a zoo where animals successfully breed is a good
one, and that
it is necessary to worry about the welfare of animals living in
zoos with a low
reproduction rate. But is high reproduction actually an indicator
of good
animal welfare? Many successful zoo births are results of
human interven-
tion. In vitro fertilization, assistance during birth, or taking
over the care of
young ones are common practices in zoos. Such ‘‘artificial’’
breeding can
hardly be proof of animal welfare.
Bostock (1993) claims that it is a myth that only well looked-
after
animals reproduce. Farm pigs confined to a space of 1 square
meter each
also successfully reproduce, so if higher reproduction meant
better welfare,
then zoos would have to admit that their animals have worse
conditions
than agricultural animals. This argument might seem unfair, as
most
agricultural animals are bred for easy reproduction while most
zoo ani-
mals are not, but past experiences have proved that even zoo
animals
8. breed successfully in obviously bad conditions; bears in dark
pits, lions in
small cages, and birds in cages where they could not fly.4
Another argu-
ment Bostock uses is that increased reproduction of zoo animals
and in-
creased sexual activity is a sign of boredom, not welfare, and
may be an
indication of slow domestication. However, we still know little
about the
natural life of many species, and it is impossible to assert zoo
animals to
be more sexually active than animals in nature. In the wild,
animals
cannot be watched constantly such that they are not aware of
human
presence and change their behavior accordingly.
On the other hand, there are species such as mountain gorillas,
Sumatran
rhinoceros, and giant pandas that reproduce poorly in captivity.
Although
zoos are trying to provide these special animals with good
living conditions,
they still reproduce very rarely. By their own argument, zoos
should admit
that they are failing to provide good welfare for these species.
But the fact
that some animals reproduce in truly bad conditions while
others don’t
9. 4 In human terms, if a high rate of reproduction was related to
welfare then an observer
would conclude that standards of welfare were much higher in
the countries of the Third World
than in afluent Western society. This is clearly not the case, as
other factors affect reproduction
of humans.
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE 29
reproduce well under special care means that reproduction says
nothing
about the standards of welfare and cannot be used on its own as
an indi-
cator of welfare.
5. NATURAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
It is difficult to recognize which behavior in captivity is close
to natural
behavior. Many behaviors seen in zoos were previously
perceived as
unnatural until it was observed in nature, e.g., some species
exhibit canni-
balism, urinating on each other, or eating feces (coprophagy) in
the wild, as
well as in captivity.
Progressive zoos try to enable animals to live as natural a life as
possible
and to provide them with naturalistic environments. They
10. cannot, though,
provide genuinely natural environments. There are many
conditions zoos
cannot easily simulate; e.g., climate, migration, or hunting.5
Zoos also
introduce unnatural stressors to the animals, such as exposure to
humans
and close proximity to other possibly stress-inducing species.
Exposure to
such constant stress often leads to maladaptive behavior, such
as self-
mutilation, the vomiting and re-eating of food, and increased
aggression.
Zoo apologists argue that such behaviors have been observed in
stressful situations in nature as well, but the concern in zoos is
that the
abnormal behavior becomes a stereotype. Usual zoo stereotypes
are con-
stant licking of bars or walls and head-swaying. Animals
needing more
movement often march for hours in geometrical paths. A former
Prague
zoo director and former president of the International Union of
Directors
of Zoological Gardens (IUDZG) Veselovský (2000) claims that
stereotypes
are no proof of failed welfare as such behavior is similar to
human
behavior in overcrowded cities. Zoo animals behave just like
11. athletes
running in stadiums. Bostock (1993) similarly argues that
captive polar
bears are like people training in swimming pools. This is a
flawed argu-
ment: people go to gyms and swimming pools voluntarily to
spend only a
part of the day there. Animals have no choice but to be in their
enclosures
all their life.
So should species from environments that cannot be practically
provided
be kept in zoos? The belief that zoos should give up keeping
animals that
need a lot of exercise or require difficult to emulate conditions
is expressed
by Hancock (1996) in his paper Lions and Tigers and Bears, oh
no. This
problem of natural life suggests that it would be better only to
breed
domestic animals in zoos. There are three reasons for this. First,
it is natural
for such animals to live in captivity, with limited space and in
the presence of
5 Such attempts have been made, but have been criticised for
being immoral.
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ30
12. humans. Second, zoo goers are often city people for whom
seeing a domestic
animal is as rare as seeing a wild one. Third, there are many
domestic or
semi-domestic animals that are exotic for city-dwellers; e.g.,
llamas, Indian
elephants, or reindeer.
6. FREEDOM AND CHOICE
Defenders of zoos sometimes claim that freedom is not in the
interest of
animals. For example Maple et al. (1996) claim that freedom of
movement
in nature is an illusion, as animals are strictly limited by their
territory,
which has to be fought for against other animals and humans.
They also
claim that animals don’t need the same territory in captivity as
they are
provided with food, water, shelter, and safety from predators.
The argument
fails on several grounds. Wild animals in nature don’t move
around their
territories only for food and survival. Their bodies are made for
traveling,
and preventing them from movement causes a lot of distress.
Also, it is not
true that animals stay all their lives in their territories; they
often leave them,
13. e.g., in mating season. According to the argument of these
authors, we could
also claim that humans do not really have freedom as they are
limited by
society, physical abilities, etc. Reliable food supplies and
protection are also
no argument for zoos being better for wild animals than free
nature. It
would be difficult to find many people who even voluntarily
take up an offer
to live within a luxury apartment of a five-star hotel for the rest
of their lives.
It is often said that only animals born in nature can show a
desire for
freedom (Veselovský, 2000), and, as most of today’s zoo
animals were born
in captivity, they don’t know what freedom is and cannot miss
it. Hediger
(1950) illustrated this theory with animals who escaped from
their enclo-
sures but later returned back voluntarily. It can be argued,
though, that
animals escape precisely because they are not satisfied with
their living
conditions; they want to be free from constraint, but once
outside they are
confused and even more stressed. Voluntary return of zoo
animals may only
14. be a proof of survival incapability, mental and social
underdevelopment,
and strong dependence on man. An analogy would be
institutionalized
humans; life in unfamiliar freedom brings a great deal of
anxiety.
Freedom is not only about ability of movement but also about
the de-
crease in the quality of living conditions or the impossibility of
making one’s
own decisions regarding food, climate, or companions. It is
impossible to
release most zoo animals back into nature, but a useful method
for
improving their living conditions is by asking them what they
prefer. Animals
don’t speak our language but they can communicate with us.
Stamp Dawkins
(1980) participated in research on animal choice in agriculture.
Researchers
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE 31
offered hens a choice of two environments (such as different
types of flooring,
inside or outside) and observed their preference. The hens at
first tended to
prefer the environment they were used to but later showed a
15. different pref-
erence. These experiments also tend to prove the argument
above; zoo ani-
mals returning to their enclosures choose what they are used to.
If they
escaped more often, a true indicator of their preferences might
be found.
In zoos, choice tests could be useful to let captive animals
express their
needs and interests so as to find better environments for them.
For example,
they could be offered different types of flooring, enclosures
with different
temperatures, light, or humidity, etc. Research must be carried
out to find
out whether new enclosure innovations like glass instead of
metal bars,
paintings on walls, artificial flowers, and waterfalls make any
difference for
animals. This has resource implications for zoos.
7. DIGNITY
According to Mullan and Marvin (1999), contemporary zoos
look very
similar to mental asylums in the 18th and 19th centuries. At that
time,
mental patients were often chained and frequently exhibited to
the public for
an entrance fee. A good example was Bedlam in London, which
was a
16. popular weekend entertainment for fine society. Mullan and
Marvin state
that thanks to the entrance fees, mental patients were provided
with decent
meals, and apparently the patients didn’t mind the visitors,
some even liked
to demonstrate their madness. Most asylums were closed to the
public
during the 19th century, and we perceive using the mentally ill
for enter-
tainment as bad, because we respect their dignity.6
But how is it with animals in zoos? Do they have dignity? We
ascribe
dignity to such animals as lions, deer, or eagles, but is this just
our tendency
to anthropomorphism? Do animals such as pigs or frogs really
have dignity,
and, if they do, don’t we offend their dignity by keeping them
in enclosures
and staring at them? Until the 18th century, dignity was
assigned only to
people high in the social hierarchy, such as aristocrats and
churchmen. Kant
(1998) assigned dignity to all who are able to think rationally,
have free will,
and act autonomously. Marcel (1971) criticized this concept of
dignity based
on rationality. He suggested that dignity requires respect for
17. others’ dif-
ferences and accepting them as equal. Today’s society doesn’t
base human
dignity on rationality. Dignity is often assigned to all humans,
including the
mentally disabled, those living in a vegetative state, and even
embryos. This
shows that dignity can be assigned to those humans who are not
even aware
6 It is interesting that mental asylums closed to public at
approximately the same time as
menageries and the first modern zoos started being hugely
popular.
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ32
of it. If we can ascribe dignity to all people independently of
their intelli-
gence or consciousness, why not ascribe it to animals as well?
For Wise (2002), the criterion for dignity is intrinsic autonomy
of the
being. Such animals as chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, parrots,
and dogs
are aware of themselves, they can communicate on high level,
use tools,
make decisions, empathize, understand the concept of past and
future, and
even grieve for their dead. But animal dignity doesn’t have to
18. be based only
on autonomy or intelligence. It can be based on their ability to
suffer, having
their own interests, or just having life. Each species has its
unique charac-
teristics and each individual animal is special. Therefore, we
can ascribe
dignity to all animals.
A proper definition of dignity is rare. Does it arise from the
inside of a
being (intrinsic) or is it a matter of respect from others
(extrinsic)? I would
claim that dignity originates from the meeting of these two
elements. It is
something between virtue and honor. While virtue may be a
personal good,
honor is a matter of the opinion of society and it is mostly
accidental. A
virtuous person doesn’t always have to be honored by his
fellow-citizens and
equally a highly honored person doesn’t have to be virtuous.7
Dignity re-
quires both these elements; the self-interest of the being as well
as the respect
of this interest by others.
It is very difficult to keep one’s own dignity in an environment
that
doesn’t allow dignified behavior. For example, in a prison
19. environment
including torture and humiliation, it is nearly impossible to
keep one’s dig-
nity, whether prisoner or guard. On the other hand, civilized
countries try to
respect the dignity of all prisoners, including serious criminals
such as mass
murderers or rapists. In the same sense, good zoos that provide
sufficient
living conditions for animals enable the animals and the keepers
to maintain
their dignity. But a bad zoo makes it impossible for the animals
to keep their
dignity if it prevents them from their basic natural behavior,
like cleaning
themselves, or socializing with their own kind. Visitors cannot
easily perceive
animals living in bad conditions as dignified beings. The thing
at stake in
zoos is not just the dignity of animals but also our own dignity.
If we as zoo
keepers, zoo visitors, or society in general tolerate keeping
animals in small
cages, bunkers, and aquariums, we decrease our own dignity.
8. REINTRODUCTION FROM ZOOS
There is another area in which the welfare of animals living in
zoos needs brief
20. discussion. The main conservation priority of zoos should be
reintroducing
7 In The Defence of Socrates Plato describes his teacher as a
most virtuous man who is
nevertheless sentenced to death by honored (non-virtuous)
citizens of Athens.
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE 33
endangered species back to their natural habitat. There are
several doubts
about the seriousness of most zoos to proceed with this, as most
breeding
programs concentrate on keeping populations of wild species in
captivity.
There are also ethological and environmental problems with
reintroduction.
Reintroduction raises important ethical questions about animal
welfare.
Reintroduced animals are often born in captivity and as such are
not
prepared for life in nature. They do not know how to move in
their natural
habitat, seek their own food, or protect themselves from
predators and
changing weather. Returning these animals to nature brings
them a lot of
stress, suffering, and often a quick death.
21. It can be argued, though, that preservation of species and
habitats is a
higher value than welfare of individual animals. It is then fair to
sacrifice
several animals for a higher good. Also, freedom is in the
interest of wild
animals, so the risk of reintroduction is worth it, and animals
have the
chance to show their own preferences, as they can often return
to the place
they were released and get captured again.
One possibility for successful reintroduction of animals is
training them
before release, but there are doubts about the effectiveness of
training.
Firstly, training is linked to even more suffering, not only of the
trained
animals, but also animals used for training. The key behavior
that carniv-
orous animals have to learn is hunting. Defenders of such
training argue
that releasing live prey into predators’ enclosures is only
copying nature
where prey also suffers. This argument is not fair, as in nature
prey have a
chance to run away, while there is no such chance in an
enclosure. Also, we
have different responsibilities to animals in nature and to
animals in cap-
tivity. As stated above, we owe animals in our care that have to
22. die at least a
quick and painless death.
Secondly, it has been questioned whether it is really possible to
train
captive animals in natural behavior. In other words, is it within
our capacity
to teach animals ‘‘wildness?’’ Several programs of
reintroduction are having
problems with it; for example, scientists at the university in
Minas Gerais in
Brazil are training captive-born rheas (Rhea americana) to be
afraid of
humans and leopards. Thus the keepers run in robes around the
birds and
push stuffed leopards on wheelbarrows. So far scientists admit
that they
have had only one result; there is no doubt that rheas have
learned to be
afraid of wheelbarrows. (Corra, Ema, Corra, 2005) Another
example is
referred to by a team of scientists preparing black-footed ferrets
for rein-
troduction. Although these successfully learned to hunt in
captivity, most of
them died of hunger after being released to nature (Miller et al.,
1998). It
seems like it is much easier to kill prey (which is instinctive
behavior for
most predators) than to be able to find it and hunt it down.
23. DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ34
9. CONCLUSION
As with a great deal with ethical discussion, more questions
than answers
have been raised by this paper, but it is clear that there is much
more to the
welfare of animals in zoos than merely whether they are
healthy, long-lived,
and breeding. Natural life and psychological health, freedom,
and the
possibility to make some choices must be taken into account. In
particular,
dignity needs to be considered because it is intimately involved
with the
other elements of welfare and may be overriding. The fact that
dignity
affects both the animals and the humans in the zoo suggests that
it should be
given a dominant position in the debate about the justification
of zoos.
There are also serious ethical welfare issues related to releasing
captive-born
animals back to nature.
In general it would be useful to change current zoos into either
breeding
24. conservation centers mostly closed to the public that would
focus on rein-
troduction, or into domestic animal sanctuaries open to the
public. Many
animals suffering in agriculture or in homes could be moved to
these centers
where the public could learn more about part of our cultural
history –
agriculture.
REFERENCES
Bostock, S. C. (1993), Zoos and Animals Rights: The Ethics of
Keeping Animals,
London, New York: Routledge.
Corra, Ema, Corra! Online
<http://www.uol.com.br/cienciahoje/chdia/n966.htm>,
16th March 2005.
Hediger, H. (1950), Wild Animals in Captivity, London:
Butterworths Scientific
Publications.
Hancock, D. (1996), ‘‘Lions and Tigers and Bears, oh no,’’ in
G. G. Norton,
M. Hutchins, E. F. Stevens and T. R. Maple (eds.), Ethics on the
Ark: Ethics,
Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation, Washington:
Smithsonian Institution
Press, pp. 31–37.
Jamieson, D. (1985), ‘‘Against Zoos,’’ in P. Winter (ed.),
Defence of Animals,
25. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 108–117.
Kant, I. (1998), Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals,
tranls. By Mary J. Gre-
gor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lacy, R. (1996), ‘‘Culling Surplus Animals for Population
Management,’’ in G. G.
Norton, M. Hutchins, E. F. Stevens and T. R. Maple (eds.),
Ethics on the Ark:
Ethics, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation,
Washington: Smithsonian
Institution Press, pp. 187–194.
Maple, T., R. McManamon, and E. Stevens (1996), ‘‘Defining
the Good Zoo:
Animal Care, Maintenance, and Welfare,’’ in G. G. Norton, M.
Hutchins, E. F.
Stevens and T. R. Maple (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Ethics,
Animal Welfare, and
Wildlife Conservation, Washington: Smithsonian Institution
Press, pp. 219–234.
ZOO ANIMAL WELFARE 35
Marcel, G. (1971), The Existential Background of Human
Dignity, Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Miller, B., D. Biggins, A. Vargas, M. Hutchins, L. Hanebury, J.
Godbey,
S. Anderson, C. Wemmer, and J. Oldemeier (1998), ‘‘Black-
Footed Ferret
Reintroduction,’’ in D. J. Shepherdson, J. D. Mellen and M.
26. Hutchins (eds.),
Second Nature – Environmental Enrichment for Captive
Animals, Washington and
London: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 97–112.
Mullan, B. and G. Marvin (1999), Zoo Culture, Urbana:
University of Illinois Press.
Plato (1997), Defence of Socrates, Euthyphro, Crito, Oxford:
Oxford University
Press.
Stamp Dawkins, M. (1980), Animal Suffering – The Science of
Animal Welfare,
London, New York: Chapman and Hall.
Veselovsk, Z. (2000), _lov_k a zvı́_e [Man and Animals],
Praha: Academia.
Wise, S. M. (2002), Drawing the Line – Science and the Case
for Animal Rights,
Cambridge: Perseus Books.
Department of Environmental Studies, School of Social Studies
Masaryk University Brno
Gorkého 7
Brno, 602 00
Czech Republic
E-mail: [email protected]
DITA WICKINS-DRAŽILOVÁ36
Reproducedwithpermissionofthecopyrightowner.Furtherreproduc
tionprohibitedwithoutpermission.
27. 1
Writing Advice: General
Sample basic structure
Introduction (10% of word count) – Don’t use a sub-heading!
Broadly introduce the topic
Identify aims (This paper will…)
Identify steps (It will first…it will then…it will then…finally it
will…)
Identify resources (It will draw on…)
Body (80% of word count) – Sub-headings permitted
Sub-heading 1 (3-4 paragraphs1)
Sub-heading 2 (3-4 paragraphs)
Sub-heading 3 (3-4 paragraphs)
Conclusion (10% of word count) – Don’t use a sub-heading!
Summarise key points (what were the main points/findings?)
Place discussion in broader social context (what do these
points/findings mean more broadly?)
28. On how to write an academic paper: 7 Steps
1. Identify issues
What is the question asking?
What are the key terms in the question?
What kind of research is required here?
2. Outline your paper
Create skeleton structure
Identify initial areas of interest
Scope your work
3. Identify and read
Identify a number of key resources
Begin reading BEFORE you being writing
Creates informed critical analysis rather than
seeking confirmation
4. Commence writing
Write clearly, concisely, effectively
Tie your discussion to the overarching question
Ensure you are writing from an informed
standpoint, not making claims and then seeking
evidence.
5. Undertake requirement checks
Word count met?
In-text citations flawless?
References on new page, alphabetical, flawless?
No claims without evidence?
Read over marking rubric (See Unit Guide) –
missed anything?
6. Read aloud to unwary victim
29. No experience necessary, but peer review fine
Ask them to stop you when something makes no
sense!
Ask them to say “citation” whenever you’re
making a claim.
7. Submission
Final read through
Turnitin – all good?
Ensure fully submitted, not just draft.
Enjoy indulgence of choice for finishing!
1 See section on Paragraphs, p 2
2
On paragraphs:
■ Paragraphs separate your work into thematically relevant
sections. They let you identify, then
unpack, points throughout your paper.
■ 3-5 sentences per paragraph (AVOID THE GIANT WALL OF
TEXT)
■ Average sentence 23 words (JUST A GUIDELINE!) – avoid
run on sentences
– TOPIC –main idea/statement/argument
– EVIDENCE –what examples, information, evidence support
this analysis?
– ANALYSIS –how does the evidence prove/disprove the
topic/main idea? Is the
30. information/source valid? What alternative arguments could
apply and need to be
addressed?
– LINK –link your discussion back into the overarching
question.
On integration, research, and plagiarism:
claims with evidence.
consulting the library and e-
databases which have access to a huge number of journals for
your perusal.
– think about why you want to include
the source. Is it making a point,
claim, statement of fact, or providing a statistic? Identify what
is relevant and then paraphrase
and integrate it into your paper.
concepts (including seemingly
general ideas, such as the key points of a relevant theory).
trong policy on academic misconduct available
here.
cheating, misrepresentation,
commissioning or buying assessment tasks, accepting a
commission to write all or part of an
assessment and/or selling assessments , plagiarism, collusion,
31. and recycling.
is an important and useful part
of learning, make sure you do not work ‘together’ on
assessments.
Other tips:
re doing – understand the question and pick
it apart.
well laid out is critical. Make it easy
for your marker to decipher your work and identify your key
points.
nd checking your work for flow and
clarity are key.
paper.
cut down than bulk up.
o Remember that your bibliography does not make up part of
your word count.
MEMBER/FRIEND!
when your papers are being marked.
http://www.ncps.edu.au/assets/NCPS-Policies/NCPS-Academic-
32. Misconduct-Policy.pdf
ASSESSMENT 1: INSTRUCTIONS AND TIPS
Assignment instructions: Students will be provided with a
choice of journal articles on contemporary
ethical issues in week 1. Students must select one journal article
to critically evaluate and identify the
ethical issues in evidence, summarise the claims made by the
author(s) in regards to the issue, and
critique these claims against the students’ own research in order
to reach a reasoned conclusion.
Word requirement: 1500 words
Weighting: 30%
Due date: 06/03/2016 at 11:55 PM
Method of submission: Online only
Journal articles
1. Liao, S. M. (2005). The ethics of using genetic engineering
for sex selection. Journal of Medical Ethics,
31(2), 116.
OR
2. Wickins-Drazilová, D. (2006). Zoo animal welfare. Journal of
33. Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,
19(1), 27-36.
Drafting and writing your review
The structure of your review should include:
etc), and the direction the paper
will cover.
the article. This should be succinct.
article. This will be the main section of
the paper. You will need to identify and clarify the arguments
before critiquing them, drawing
on other sources to validate your analysis.
arguments in the article in order to reach a
reasoned conclusion.
Checklist for your paper
34. majority of your paper). Criticisms and
approval should be well supported.
tion and reasoned
conclusion.
Tips
-headings.
http://search.proquest.com.elibrary.acap.edu.au/docview/178105
6354/fulltextPDF/66CD7EBFDF59433CPQ/15?accountid=13739
9
http://search.proquest.com.elibrary.acap.edu.au/docview/178105
6354/fulltextPDF/66CD7EBFDF59433CPQ/15?accountid=13739
9
http://search.proquest.com.elibrary.acap.edu.au/docview/196570
231/A510EDD3188147F8PQ/5?accountid=137399
http://search.proquest.com.elibrary.acap.edu.au/docview/196570
231/A510EDD3188147F8PQ/5?accountid=137399