Parole del Avv. Dott. Durval de Noronha Goyos per ocasione del lancio del libro “La Campagna della Forza de Spedizione Brasiliana per la liberazione d’Italia, nella ambasciata del Brasile, Roma, 15 ottobre 2014.
Esquema de contenidos_nodales- History - Senior 1 -Dic_2019colegiolascumbres
This document outlines the course content and schedule for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. It includes subtopics like the characteristics of pre-WW1 empires, the system of alliances, and short and long term causes of WWI. It also covers the development of trench warfare in WWI, key events in 1917, the Treaty of Versailles and other peace treaties, and the successes and failures of the League of Nations in the 1920s. The content is divided into three terms covering the causes of WWI, the aftermath of WWI, and the 1920s respectively.
Esquema de contenidos_nodales - history - senior 2 -dic_2019colegiolascumbres
This document contains the course content outline for a history class at Colegio Las Cumbres. The content is divided into three trimesters. The first trimester covers the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition, and the Wall Street Crash and Great Depression in the United States. The second trimester focuses on the Weimar Republic in Germany, the rise of the Nazis, and Nazi Germany. The third trimester will cover the League of Nations in the 1930s, the path to World War II, and the United States from 1919 to 1941. The document lists the major topics and subtopics to be addressed within each content area over the course of the school year.
History 1ero Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2014lennyambrosini
This document provides an outline of topics to be covered in a Senior 1 history class, including the long term and short term causes of World War 1, the development and conclusion of World War 1, the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations in the 1920s, post-war reactions in the United States, changes in women's roles and entertainment after the war, and social issues in the United States during the 1920s. The class will cover these topics between the first, second, and third trimesters.
The document summarizes the political instability and social conflicts in Spain between 1917-1923. There were 13 different governments during this period but none were able to stabilize the system. Left-wing groups and workers engaged in strikes and demonstrations calling for better working conditions, which led to violence between workers and counter-revolutionary groups. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a devastating defeat at Annual in Morocco. In 1923, Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a coup and established a military dictatorship inspired by Italian fascism, suspending the constitution and banning political parties and unions in an attempt to restore social order.
The Causes of the French Revolution (1789)iakovosal
The main cause of the French Revolution was France's financial collapse from supporting the American Revolutionary War against Britain from 1775-1783. To weaken Britain, France provided military and economic aid to American rebels. This exhausted France's economy, forcing the king to increase taxes on the French people, which led to unrest and eventually the French Revolution in 1789.
History Senior 1- Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2018lennyambrosini
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. It includes topics such as the characteristics of empires before WWI, the causes of WWI including alliances and crises in the Balkans and Morocco, the development and key events of WWI in 1917-1918, the Treaty of Versailles and controversy around it, the creation and challenges of the League of Nations in the 1920s, and an introduction to the 1920s in the United States including immigration. The content will be covered over three trimesters from causes of WWI to the aftermath in the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, concluding with the 1920s.
History Senior 2 - Esquema de contenidos nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
This document outlines the course content and sub-topics for a history class on interwar Germany and the rise of the Nazis. The course will cover topics such as the League of Nations in the 1920s and 1930s, the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression in the US and Germany, the failure of the Weimar Republic and Nazi rise to power, Hitler's actions as Chancellor, Nazi propaganda and control of youth and women. It will conclude by examining the path to World War 2.
Pan-Slavism was a 19th century movement aimed at unity among Slavic peoples. The first Pan-Slavic congress was held in Prague in 1848. Before WWI, Europe had 19 monarchies and 3 republics, but after only had 13 monarchies and 14 republics, as republics became more popular. The turbulent period after WWI required major adjustments to politics, economic policies, and views of the world.
Esquema de contenidos_nodales- History - Senior 1 -Dic_2019colegiolascumbres
This document outlines the course content and schedule for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. It includes subtopics like the characteristics of pre-WW1 empires, the system of alliances, and short and long term causes of WWI. It also covers the development of trench warfare in WWI, key events in 1917, the Treaty of Versailles and other peace treaties, and the successes and failures of the League of Nations in the 1920s. The content is divided into three terms covering the causes of WWI, the aftermath of WWI, and the 1920s respectively.
Esquema de contenidos_nodales - history - senior 2 -dic_2019colegiolascumbres
This document contains the course content outline for a history class at Colegio Las Cumbres. The content is divided into three trimesters. The first trimester covers the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition, and the Wall Street Crash and Great Depression in the United States. The second trimester focuses on the Weimar Republic in Germany, the rise of the Nazis, and Nazi Germany. The third trimester will cover the League of Nations in the 1930s, the path to World War II, and the United States from 1919 to 1941. The document lists the major topics and subtopics to be addressed within each content area over the course of the school year.
History 1ero Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2014lennyambrosini
This document provides an outline of topics to be covered in a Senior 1 history class, including the long term and short term causes of World War 1, the development and conclusion of World War 1, the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations in the 1920s, post-war reactions in the United States, changes in women's roles and entertainment after the war, and social issues in the United States during the 1920s. The class will cover these topics between the first, second, and third trimesters.
The document summarizes the political instability and social conflicts in Spain between 1917-1923. There were 13 different governments during this period but none were able to stabilize the system. Left-wing groups and workers engaged in strikes and demonstrations calling for better working conditions, which led to violence between workers and counter-revolutionary groups. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a devastating defeat at Annual in Morocco. In 1923, Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a coup and established a military dictatorship inspired by Italian fascism, suspending the constitution and banning political parties and unions in an attempt to restore social order.
The Causes of the French Revolution (1789)iakovosal
The main cause of the French Revolution was France's financial collapse from supporting the American Revolutionary War against Britain from 1775-1783. To weaken Britain, France provided military and economic aid to American rebels. This exhausted France's economy, forcing the king to increase taxes on the French people, which led to unrest and eventually the French Revolution in 1789.
History Senior 1- Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2018lennyambrosini
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. It includes topics such as the characteristics of empires before WWI, the causes of WWI including alliances and crises in the Balkans and Morocco, the development and key events of WWI in 1917-1918, the Treaty of Versailles and controversy around it, the creation and challenges of the League of Nations in the 1920s, and an introduction to the 1920s in the United States including immigration. The content will be covered over three trimesters from causes of WWI to the aftermath in the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, concluding with the 1920s.
History Senior 2 - Esquema de contenidos nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
This document outlines the course content and sub-topics for a history class on interwar Germany and the rise of the Nazis. The course will cover topics such as the League of Nations in the 1920s and 1930s, the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression in the US and Germany, the failure of the Weimar Republic and Nazi rise to power, Hitler's actions as Chancellor, Nazi propaganda and control of youth and women. It will conclude by examining the path to World War 2.
Pan-Slavism was a 19th century movement aimed at unity among Slavic peoples. The first Pan-Slavic congress was held in Prague in 1848. Before WWI, Europe had 19 monarchies and 3 republics, but after only had 13 monarchies and 14 republics, as republics became more popular. The turbulent period after WWI required major adjustments to politics, economic policies, and views of the world.
History Senior 1 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales Dic 2017colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. The course will cover the characteristics of empires before WWI, the short term causes of WWI including alliances and crises in Morocco and the Balkans. It will examine the development and key events of WWI, as well as the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations in the aftermath. Later modules will focus on the USA and economic boom of the 1920s, and successes and failures of the League of Nations. The course runs over three trimesters and provides an overview of the topics and subtopics to be addressed.
History Senior 3 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales Dic 2017colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on the Cold War. It covers the long term causes of the Cold War from the Russian Revolution through World War 2 and the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. Key events of the Cold War are also listed like the Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, Cuban Missile Crisis, Korean War, and Vietnam War. Depth studies on Germany and the USA are included for the third trimester along with a 20th century revision.
History Senior 1 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1. It includes topics such as the characteristics of empires before WW1, the short term causes of WW1 including alliances and crises in Morocco and the Balkans, the development and chronology of WW1, and the Treaty of Versailles. It also covers the League of Nations in the 1920s, including its creation, aims, successes, failures and organization as well as other treaties signed after WW1 regarding disarmament and responses by Germany.
History of spain 19th century project_christamasalmusociales
Carlos IV became King of Spain in the late 18th century. During his reign, Napoleon occupied Spain and forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate in Bayonne in 1808. Napoleon then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as the new King of Spain. This led to the Spanish War of Independence as the Spanish people rebelled against French rule. The Central Council was formed in Cadiz in 1810 to coordinate the resistance and eventually established the Constitution of 1812, one of the most progressive in Europe at the time, establishing principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and equal rights.
The Second Spanish Republic was established in 1931 after municipal elections resulted in victories for Republican candidates. A new constitution was drafted that established democratic reforms like universal suffrage and freedom of religion. However, tensions rose between Republicans and conservatives as left-wing reforms threatened landowners and the Catholic Church. After right-wing parties won elections in 1933, conservative policies were enacted that reversed earlier reforms. Growing unrest led to a general strike and revolution in 1934, which was brutally suppressed. Elections in 1936 brought the left-wing Popular Front to power, but rising political instability set the stage for a military coup in July 1936 that marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War was a complex conflict with various long-term causes:
- Spain was deeply divided along ideological lines between conservatives and progressives.
- Socioeconomic tensions existed between wealthy landowners and poor peasants.
- Regional nationalism in Catalonia and the Basque Country challenged Spanish unity.
- The monarchy's failures, such as losing colonies to the U.S., weakened its legitimacy.
This ideological and social divide culminated in the 1931 establishment of the Second Spanish Republic and its progressive reforms, which conservative and religious groups opposed, setting the stage for civil war.
The Spanish America Revolution by Carlos, Alejandro Miranda and Alejandro Rod...Hilario Roma
The Spanish American wars of independence from 1810 to 1825 saw many Spanish colonies in Latin America gain independence after fighting against Spanish rule. Key events included the formation of juntas (governing bodies) in places like Venezuela and Argentina in 1810, as well as the leadership of Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, who led independence movements across South America. By 1825, most Spanish American nations had gained independence, though the effects on their economies, politics, and societies lasted for decades.
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a result of a military coup launched by Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. The war divided Spain into two zones - the Nationalist region controlled by Franco and the Republicans. The conflict lasted almost three years and involved three phases - the campaign for Madrid, the northern front, and the end of the war. Life during the war was difficult, with hunger, repression, and refugees fleeing the violence and exiles leaving Spain.
History Senior 3-Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and sub-topics for a history class on the Cold War. It includes revisions of long term causes of the Cold War from World War 2 and the Russian Revolution. It also covers key events and policies during the Cold War like the Potsdam and Yalta Conferences, the Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War. Depth studies on Germany and the USA are also included along with revisions in the 3rd trimester on 20th century and origins of the Cold War.
Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1936 to 1945 as a wartime dictator and then as a postwar dictator. He unified right-wing factions like the Carlistas, Monarchists, and the fascist Falange movement under his rule. His regime was supported by pillars of the military, Catholic Church, monarchists, and fascists. Franco ruled by decree and established laws that concentrated power in the state rather than individuals, including a labor charter banning strikes and laws establishing referendums and confirming Franco's rule as regent for life.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: SPANISH CIVIL WAR. Contains: polarization, widespread conflict, military uprising, nationalists and republicans, general Franco, revolutionary struggle, help from abroad, Madrid, victims and significance of Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936 as a military coup against the democratic republican government. It pitted nationalist rebels including monarchists, Catholics, and conservatives against republican loyalists consisting of left-wing parties, socialists, communists, and anarchists. The rebels were supported by Nazi Germany and fascist Italy while the republicans only received aid from the Soviet Union. After over two years of fighting and phases of rebel advances across the country, Franco declared victory on April 1, 1939, establishing a long dictatorship. The war caused massive humanitarian and economic devastation for Spain and ended hopes for its modernization and democracy.
Napoleon occupied Spain in 1807 and installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as king, leading the Spanish people to rise up in revolt in 1808 and start the War of Independence. The war involved both military battles between Spanish and French forces, with a key Spanish victory at Bailén, as well as a political revolution. Two separate governments formed - King Joseph's regime and the Central Council set up in areas free of French control in Cádiz. The Cádiz Cortes established Spain's first constitution in 1812, creating a constitutional monarchy with limited male suffrage and separation of powers.
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a military uprising led by General Francisco Franco against the Republican government. Key causes of the war included social and political divisions between conservatives and liberals over issues like land reform, religion, and regional autonomy. Franco gained control of Spanish Morocco and transported Moroccan troops to the Iberian Peninsula to support the Nationalist side. The war consisted of multiple stages across northern, central, and eastern Spain as Franco sought to take control of the country from the Republican government over nearly three years of fighting until April 1, 1939, when Franco emerged as the victor.
1) The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed in 1931 after municipal elections gave victory to Republican candidates, ending the monarchy of Alfonso XIII.
2) The early years of the Republic saw hopes for reform but also social tensions as the Catholic Church and wealthy opposed changes. A new constitution in 1931 established democratic rights.
3) After right-wing electoral victories in 1933, conservative rule from 1933-1936 halted earlier reforms and clashed with Catalan nationalism, fueling leftist opposition.
4) A general strike in 1934 and right-wing support for the CEDA party led to a failed leftist revolt, crushed by a brutal military repression under Franco.
5) Elections in 1936 brought
The document summarizes key events in European history from World War I through the Cold War era. It describes the two sides in World Wars I and II, how the US and USSR emerged as superpowers after WWII and the tensions of the Cold War without direct military conflict. It also provides an overview of the political developments in Spain from the early 20th century through the dictatorship of Franco and transition to democracy.
1) Under Stalin's policy of "Socialism in One Country", the Soviet Union pursued diplomatic relations that benefited its own interests above promoting worldwide communist revolution.
2) In the 1920s-1930s, the Soviet Union had shifting relations with Germany, China, Britain, and other countries based on its assessment of threats and opportunities.
3) By 1939, distrust of the West and a desire to avoid war led Stalin to sign the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, dividing Eastern Europe into Soviet and German spheres of influence.
Lenin’s foreign policy & relations 1918-1924 by Alex Rakochyrakochy
Lenin pursued a dual foreign policy after the Russian Civil War. On one hand, he pursued pragmatic diplomatic and economic agreements when beneficial to the USSR, such as trade deals with Germany, Britain, and others. However, he also continued to instigate communist revolutions worldwide through the Comintern, providing funds and support to revolutionary groups despite also forming military alliances. This dual policy aimed to both strengthen the USSR while also exporting revolution internationally.
Stalin established a totalitarian dictatorship in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death. He instituted rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture through centralized five-year plans, but this caused immense social upheaval and death, as peasants refused to give up their lands. Stalin's repressive regime was based on terror, purging political opponents through the secret police and show trials, sending millions to gulags. By 1939, Stalin had consolidated total power and established a cult of personality, ruling through constant fear and shaping Soviet society.
Words from Mr. Mario Giro, Republic of Italy’s Sub-Secretariat of State for F...Noronha Advogados
Words from Mr. Mario Giro, Republic of Italy’s Sub-Secretariat of State for Foreign Affairs, on the occasion of the launch of book “The Campaign of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force for the Liberation of Italy” at the Brazilian Embassy in the city of Rome, 15 October 2014.
History Senior 1 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales Dic 2017colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1 and the interwar period. The course will cover the characteristics of empires before WWI, the short term causes of WWI including alliances and crises in Morocco and the Balkans. It will examine the development and key events of WWI, as well as the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations in the aftermath. Later modules will focus on the USA and economic boom of the 1920s, and successes and failures of the League of Nations. The course runs over three trimesters and provides an overview of the topics and subtopics to be addressed.
History Senior 3 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales Dic 2017colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on the Cold War. It covers the long term causes of the Cold War from the Russian Revolution through World War 2 and the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. Key events of the Cold War are also listed like the Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, Cuban Missile Crisis, Korean War, and Vietnam War. Depth studies on Germany and the USA are included for the third trimester along with a 20th century revision.
History Senior 1 Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and timeline for a history class on World War 1. It includes topics such as the characteristics of empires before WW1, the short term causes of WW1 including alliances and crises in Morocco and the Balkans, the development and chronology of WW1, and the Treaty of Versailles. It also covers the League of Nations in the 1920s, including its creation, aims, successes, failures and organization as well as other treaties signed after WW1 regarding disarmament and responses by Germany.
History of spain 19th century project_christamasalmusociales
Carlos IV became King of Spain in the late 18th century. During his reign, Napoleon occupied Spain and forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate in Bayonne in 1808. Napoleon then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as the new King of Spain. This led to the Spanish War of Independence as the Spanish people rebelled against French rule. The Central Council was formed in Cadiz in 1810 to coordinate the resistance and eventually established the Constitution of 1812, one of the most progressive in Europe at the time, establishing principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and equal rights.
The Second Spanish Republic was established in 1931 after municipal elections resulted in victories for Republican candidates. A new constitution was drafted that established democratic reforms like universal suffrage and freedom of religion. However, tensions rose between Republicans and conservatives as left-wing reforms threatened landowners and the Catholic Church. After right-wing parties won elections in 1933, conservative policies were enacted that reversed earlier reforms. Growing unrest led to a general strike and revolution in 1934, which was brutally suppressed. Elections in 1936 brought the left-wing Popular Front to power, but rising political instability set the stage for a military coup in July 1936 that marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War was a complex conflict with various long-term causes:
- Spain was deeply divided along ideological lines between conservatives and progressives.
- Socioeconomic tensions existed between wealthy landowners and poor peasants.
- Regional nationalism in Catalonia and the Basque Country challenged Spanish unity.
- The monarchy's failures, such as losing colonies to the U.S., weakened its legitimacy.
This ideological and social divide culminated in the 1931 establishment of the Second Spanish Republic and its progressive reforms, which conservative and religious groups opposed, setting the stage for civil war.
The Spanish America Revolution by Carlos, Alejandro Miranda and Alejandro Rod...Hilario Roma
The Spanish American wars of independence from 1810 to 1825 saw many Spanish colonies in Latin America gain independence after fighting against Spanish rule. Key events included the formation of juntas (governing bodies) in places like Venezuela and Argentina in 1810, as well as the leadership of Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, who led independence movements across South America. By 1825, most Spanish American nations had gained independence, though the effects on their economies, politics, and societies lasted for decades.
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a result of a military coup launched by Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. The war divided Spain into two zones - the Nationalist region controlled by Franco and the Republicans. The conflict lasted almost three years and involved three phases - the campaign for Madrid, the northern front, and the end of the war. Life during the war was difficult, with hunger, repression, and refugees fleeing the violence and exiles leaving Spain.
History Senior 3-Esquema de Contenidos Nodales - Dic 2015colegiolascumbres
The document outlines the course content and sub-topics for a history class on the Cold War. It includes revisions of long term causes of the Cold War from World War 2 and the Russian Revolution. It also covers key events and policies during the Cold War like the Potsdam and Yalta Conferences, the Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Vietnam War. Depth studies on Germany and the USA are also included along with revisions in the 3rd trimester on 20th century and origins of the Cold War.
Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1936 to 1945 as a wartime dictator and then as a postwar dictator. He unified right-wing factions like the Carlistas, Monarchists, and the fascist Falange movement under his rule. His regime was supported by pillars of the military, Catholic Church, monarchists, and fascists. Franco ruled by decree and established laws that concentrated power in the state rather than individuals, including a labor charter banning strikes and laws establishing referendums and confirming Franco's rule as regent for life.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: SPANISH CIVIL WAR. Contains: polarization, widespread conflict, military uprising, nationalists and republicans, general Franco, revolutionary struggle, help from abroad, Madrid, victims and significance of Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936 as a military coup against the democratic republican government. It pitted nationalist rebels including monarchists, Catholics, and conservatives against republican loyalists consisting of left-wing parties, socialists, communists, and anarchists. The rebels were supported by Nazi Germany and fascist Italy while the republicans only received aid from the Soviet Union. After over two years of fighting and phases of rebel advances across the country, Franco declared victory on April 1, 1939, establishing a long dictatorship. The war caused massive humanitarian and economic devastation for Spain and ended hopes for its modernization and democracy.
Napoleon occupied Spain in 1807 and installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as king, leading the Spanish people to rise up in revolt in 1808 and start the War of Independence. The war involved both military battles between Spanish and French forces, with a key Spanish victory at Bailén, as well as a political revolution. Two separate governments formed - King Joseph's regime and the Central Council set up in areas free of French control in Cádiz. The Cádiz Cortes established Spain's first constitution in 1812, creating a constitutional monarchy with limited male suffrage and separation of powers.
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a military uprising led by General Francisco Franco against the Republican government. Key causes of the war included social and political divisions between conservatives and liberals over issues like land reform, religion, and regional autonomy. Franco gained control of Spanish Morocco and transported Moroccan troops to the Iberian Peninsula to support the Nationalist side. The war consisted of multiple stages across northern, central, and eastern Spain as Franco sought to take control of the country from the Republican government over nearly three years of fighting until April 1, 1939, when Franco emerged as the victor.
1) The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed in 1931 after municipal elections gave victory to Republican candidates, ending the monarchy of Alfonso XIII.
2) The early years of the Republic saw hopes for reform but also social tensions as the Catholic Church and wealthy opposed changes. A new constitution in 1931 established democratic rights.
3) After right-wing electoral victories in 1933, conservative rule from 1933-1936 halted earlier reforms and clashed with Catalan nationalism, fueling leftist opposition.
4) A general strike in 1934 and right-wing support for the CEDA party led to a failed leftist revolt, crushed by a brutal military repression under Franco.
5) Elections in 1936 brought
The document summarizes key events in European history from World War I through the Cold War era. It describes the two sides in World Wars I and II, how the US and USSR emerged as superpowers after WWII and the tensions of the Cold War without direct military conflict. It also provides an overview of the political developments in Spain from the early 20th century through the dictatorship of Franco and transition to democracy.
1) Under Stalin's policy of "Socialism in One Country", the Soviet Union pursued diplomatic relations that benefited its own interests above promoting worldwide communist revolution.
2) In the 1920s-1930s, the Soviet Union had shifting relations with Germany, China, Britain, and other countries based on its assessment of threats and opportunities.
3) By 1939, distrust of the West and a desire to avoid war led Stalin to sign the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, dividing Eastern Europe into Soviet and German spheres of influence.
Lenin’s foreign policy & relations 1918-1924 by Alex Rakochyrakochy
Lenin pursued a dual foreign policy after the Russian Civil War. On one hand, he pursued pragmatic diplomatic and economic agreements when beneficial to the USSR, such as trade deals with Germany, Britain, and others. However, he also continued to instigate communist revolutions worldwide through the Comintern, providing funds and support to revolutionary groups despite also forming military alliances. This dual policy aimed to both strengthen the USSR while also exporting revolution internationally.
Stalin established a totalitarian dictatorship in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death. He instituted rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture through centralized five-year plans, but this caused immense social upheaval and death, as peasants refused to give up their lands. Stalin's repressive regime was based on terror, purging political opponents through the secret police and show trials, sending millions to gulags. By 1939, Stalin had consolidated total power and established a cult of personality, ruling through constant fear and shaping Soviet society.
Words from Mr. Mario Giro, Republic of Italy’s Sub-Secretariat of State for F...Noronha Advogados
Words from Mr. Mario Giro, Republic of Italy’s Sub-Secretariat of State for Foreign Affairs, on the occasion of the launch of book “The Campaign of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force for the Liberation of Italy” at the Brazilian Embassy in the city of Rome, 15 October 2014.
1) O documento apresenta os conceitos básicos de uma disciplina sobre mídia que inclui aulas, carga horária, avaliação e cronograma.
2) Serão abordados temas como mídia exterior, rádio, televisão e suas tendências.
3) Inclui também informações sobre índices de mídia e ferramentas para planejamento como CPM e GRP.
O documento descreve um aplicativo web chamado Linux Remote Control que permite controlar dispositivos GNU/Linux remotamente através de qualquer navegador HTML5. Ele foi desenvolvido como um aplicativo para Firefox OS originalmente e usa tecnologias como HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, AJAX e Node.js no frontend e backend. O aplicativo funciona fazendo requisições AJAX de um cliente no navegador para um servidor Node.js que emula comandos no dispositivo GNU/Linux usando ferramentas como Xdotool e Xbacklight.
«SOMshare» 20.11.2012: «Verstehen und verstanden werden – Soziale Intelligenz...SOMshare
"Verstanden werden" (Michael Gisiger, Blogger & Dozent)
- Contentstrategie: Erklärung und Praxis-Tipps
- Content das "neue SEO": Entwicklung und Bedeutung
We present a novel approach to use a mobile device for authentication and authorization purposes, where the user is able to authenticate and authorize himself for access on a public terminal. The concept is based on an extension of a Single-Sign On solution for mobile and public terminals.
Direito Ambiental e Comunidades tradicionais- André e SatoElizete Santos
Este documento discute a comunidade tradicional de São Pedro de Joselândia, localizada no Pantanal Mato-grossense. A comunidade desenvolveu seus próprios códigos e normas devido à falta de influência estatal, preservando sua cultura e tradições. O estudo objetiva entender como essas regras locais podem constituir princípios de educação ambiental, considerando os saberes tradicionais da comunidade.
Este documento apresenta um roteiro para discutir a detecção de faces em imagens. O roteiro inclui uma introdução sobre a motivação, definições e desafios da detecção de faces, seguido por seções sobre métodos de detecção baseados em conhecimento, características invariantes, comparação de templates e aparência, além de considerações sobre experimentos.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
How can we understand and foster a circular economy by seeing what happens in Fab Labs, the Maker Movement and distributed production? How can we encourage more sustainable practices in makerspaces?
-a short talk given at Open Source Circular Economy Days in Helsinki, 13 June 2015
Este documento fornece informações sobre o 54o Grande Prémio de Natal organizado pela Associação de Atletismo de Lisboa, incluindo datas de inscrição, escalões, prémios, percursos, horários de partida e outras regras. Será uma prova de corrida de 9km e outras distâncias para diferentes escalões, a realizar-se em 18 de dezembro em Lisboa.
Build your own clouds with Chef and MCollectiveJonathan Weiss
One important part of the DevOps movement is infrastructure automation, especially if you are running your application on top of services like Amazon EC2.
Everybody's dream is to be able to bootstrap and deploy hundreds or even thousands of machines with a few simple commands. This talk will tell you how you can do this using Open Source tools like Chef and mcollective. Chef manages your servers configuration using a nice Ruby DSL while mcollective orchestrates and commands all your nodes.
Este documento presenta las frecuencias absolutas, relativas y porcentajes de datos agrupados en cuatro intervalos. El intervalo [15,20) tiene la frecuencia absoluta y relativa más alta con 33 datos (el 82,5% del total).
The document summarizes research on using MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology for seismology applications. It provides an overview of MEMS, discusses MEMS accelerometers and their commercial availability. It also describes the noise and detection requirements for seismology and current R&D efforts funded by DOE to develop low-noise MEMS seismometers, including projects using inductive, optical, and fluidic sensing techniques with proof masses up to 2 grams.
Ambassador of Brazil Ricardo Neiva on the occasion of the launch of the bookNoronha Advogados
The document summarizes speeches given at the launch of a book about the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) that fought in Italy during World War II. The Ambassador of Brazil introduces the book and highlights how the FEB, consisting of around 25,000 Brazilian soldiers, helped liberate numerous Italian cities from Axis forces. He also notes that the friendship between Brazil and Italy was strengthened by Brazil's participation in the war. The Sub-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Italy then thanks Brazil for its efforts during the war and remembers how Brazilian soldiers fought bravely in tough conditions. He discusses how both countries have contributed to each other's development and hopes that the partnership between them continues.
An-Indelible-Nexus-between-Philippine-China-Relations-Reminiscing-the-World-A...Loven Felix Opiana
1) During World War II, the Philippines and China cooperated politically and militarily against the Japanese occupation through various resistance groups. Filipino and Chinese soldiers fought together against the Axis powers.
2) The Imperial Japanese army committed atrocities during its occupation, notably the Rape of Nanking and sexual violence against women in Manila.
3) The joint resistance efforts of Filipino and Chinese soldiers were important in defeating the Axis powers and achieving victory in the Anti-Fascist War. This history of cooperation continues to shape positive relations between the two countries today.
Brazil towards the inevitable political and social confrontationFernando Alcoforado
The continuity of the situation currently experienced by Brazil is therefore unsustainable paving the way for a catastrophic time in the country. There is only one way to avoid the political and social upheaval in Brazil that would be the dismissal or the joint resignation of Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer and the formation of a provisional government composed of respected public figures who have the mandate to convene a new constituent assembly to reorganize the national life, seek the country's consensus in addressing the economic and social crisis, prevent the escalation of violence in Brazil and carry new general elections in the country. This would be the way to avoid a fratricidal struggle or a civil war in Brazil.
This document provides background information on the federal government's treatment of domestic communists and supporters of Axis powers (Italy, Germany, Japan) during World War II. It discusses the establishment of committees like HUAC to investigate these groups. While Italian fascist support was small and declined after the US entered the war, the government interned hundreds and arrested thousands of Italian Americans. German Nazi support was a greater initial concern, and Japanese propaganda outlets operated until 1940 when the US entered the war and interned over 100,000 Japanese Americans. The document establishes context for a planned analysis of how the government approached and treated communists and each Axis power's supporters during this period.
V.I. Lenin Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalis.docxjessiehampson
V.I. Lenin
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
A POPULAR OUTLINE
PREFACE
Petrograd, April 26, 1917
The pamphlet here presented to the reader was written in the spring of 1916, in Zurich. In
the conditions in which I was obliged to work there I naturally suffered somewhat from a
shortage of French and English literature and from a serious dearth of Russian literature.
However, I made use of the principal English work on imperialism, the book by J. A.
Hobson, with all the care that, in my opinion, that work deserves.
This pamphlet was written with an eye to the tsarist censorship. Hence, I was not only
forced to confine myself strictly to an exclusively theoretical, specifically economic
analysis of facts, but to formulate the few necessary observations on politics with extreme
caution, by hints, in an allegorical language—in that accursed Aesopian language—to
which tsarism compelled all revolutionaries to have recourse whenever they took up the pen
to write a “legal” work.
It is painful, in these days of liberty, to re-read the passages of the pamphlet which have
been distorted, cramped, compressed in an iron vice on account of the censor. That the
period of imperialism is the eve of the socialist revolution; that social-chauvinism
(socialism in words, chauvinism in deeds) is the utter betrayal of socialism, complete
desertion to the side of the bourgeoisie; that this split in the working-class movement is
bound up with the objective conditions of imperialism, etc.—on these matters I had to speak
in a “slavish” tongue, and I must refer the reader who is interested in the subject to the
2
articles I wrote abroad in 1914-17, a new edition of which is soon to appear. In order to
show the reader, in a guise acceptable to the censors, how shamelessly untruthful the
capitalists and the social-chauvinists who have deserted to their side (and whom Kautsky
opposes so inconsistently) are on the question of annexations; in order to show how
shamelessly they screen the annexations of their capitalists, I was forced to quote as an
example—Japan! The careful reader will easily substitute Russia for Japan, and Finland,
Poland, Courland, the Ukraine, Khiva, Bokhara, Estonia or other regions peopled by non-
Great Russians, for Korea.
I trust that this pamphlet will help the reader to understand the fundamental economic
question, that of the economic essence of imperialism, for unless this is studied, it will be
impossible to understand and appraise modern war and modern politics.
PREFACE TO THE FRENCH AND GERMAN EDITIONS[1]
July 6, 1920
I
As was indicated in the preface to the Russian edition, this pamphlet was written in 1916,
with an eye to the tsarist censorship. I am unable to revise the whole text at the present time,
nor, perhaps, would this be advisable, since the main purpose of the book was, and remains,
to present, on the basis of the summarised re ...
Developmental Issues as identified in Italian Neo-realist cinemaNamrata Bhatnagar
1. The document analyzes Italian neo-realist films The Bicycle Thief and Umberto D, which depict the poverty and unemployment in Italy following World War 2.
2. It discusses how the Marshall Plan provided aid to Italy but the government initially focused funds on trade deficits rather than public works, leading to jobless growth for many years.
3. Overall economic growth rates increased but this did not immediately translate to higher living standards for most citizens, as shown by the films' portrayals of ongoing poverty. The development benefits of growth were slow to trickle down to average Italians.
1) After WWI, Italy faced economic and political problems including unemployment among veterans, economic depression, and a weak government split along factional lines. This led to unrest and rise of militant leftist groups.
2) Mussolini, originally a socialist, formed the fascist party and utilized militant tactics known as "Black Shirts" to attack socialists. By the 1920s, his party gained popularity and seats in parliament.
3) In 1922, Mussolini threatened a "March on Rome" which intimidated the king into appointing Mussolini as Prime Minister. By 1925 Mussolini had seized dictatorial powers and established a fascist single-party state, abolishing opposition and instituting propaganda and a secret
1) After WWI, Italy faced economic and political problems including unemployment among veterans, economic depression, and a weak government split along factional lines. This led to unrest and rise of militant leftist groups.
2) Mussolini exploited this unstable situation by organizing his fascist blackshirt groups to violently confront socialists and seize control.
3) By 1925, Mussolini had established a dictatorship and transformed Italy into a single-party fascist state, abolishing independent groups, curbing the press, and persecuting opposition through special courts. He consolidated power through propaganda, emphasizing physical fitness, large families, and obedience to the state.
The document discusses the unification of Italy in the 19th century. It explores the roles of key figures like Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi in driving the unification movement against obstacles like regional differences and the influence of foreign powers over Italian states. The process involved cooperation with France and overcoming Austrian domination to eventually unify the Italian peninsula into a single nation-state.
1) Diplomacy in the early 20th century involved major European powers seeking to expand their global empires and acquire new markets, fueling tensions that contributed to World War 1.
2) In 1908, Russia denied Serbia's request for help after Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, owing to Russia's weakened state after its recent war with Japan.
3) Dollar diplomacy referred to U.S. efforts to increase its economic and political influence in Latin America in the early 1900s through large loans to governments in the region.
What Were The Causes And Concequences Of The Spanish Civil...Kelley Hunter
The Spanish Civil War had major consequences for Spain and the world. For Spain, it resulted in over 300,000 deaths and nearly 500,000 people forced into exile. It led to a nationalist dictatorship under Franco that lasted until 1975 and isolated Spain internationally for decades. For the world, the war highlighted the struggle between fascism and communism and drew foreign powers like Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Soviet Union to intervene on opposite sides.
Cause for ww ii, wartime conferences and peace treatiesAnjan Kumar Dahal
The document discusses the causes behind World War 2 and important wartime conferences between Allied powers. It outlines several long-term and immediate causes for WW2, including the Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism, and failure of appeasement policies. It then summarizes some key conferences where Allied leaders coordinated strategy, like the Atlantic Charter which outlined post-war principles and the United Nations Declaration where 26 nations pledged cooperation against the Axis powers. The Casablanca Conference saw Churchill and Roosevelt agree to increase bombing of Germany and transfer resources to the Pacific once Italy was defeated.
The 1964 coup d'état in Brazil occurred amid tensions between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Brazilian government under João Goulart pursued policies like land reform that concerned the U.S., as it saw Brazil as within its sphere of influence. Growing political unrest and opposition to Goulart's administration led the military, with U.S. support, to depose Goulart in a coup in 1964 to prevent Brazil from moving closer to the Soviet Union. The coup received U.S. backing to maintain American influence over Brazil.
Similar to La Campagna della Forza de Spedizione Brasiliana per la liberazione d’Italia (14)
Antônio Campos, que representa a Noronha advogados em Recife, palestrou sobre economia criativa e oportunidade de negócios entre Brasil e Portugal no seminário Intercâmbio de negócios internacionais, no Gabinete Português de leitura em Recife, em evento realizado pelo World Trade Center de São Paulo, com patrocínio do banco Santander.
Palestra proferida pelo sócio Daniel H.C. Alvarenga no 2º Grande Encontro de Escritórios de Advocacia e Oportunidades de Estágio – OAB/SP, São Paulo, 08 de abril de 2017.
Palestra proferida no encontro realizado pela Associazione Culturale Mediterraneo, ANPI Sezione di Levanto e Comitato Vallesanta em 07 de junho de 2016, Levanto, Itália.
Bancos internacionais incentivam adesão ao programa de anistia fiscal no BrasilNoronha Advogados
O documento discute o programa de anistia fiscal no Brasil que concede anistia para crimes relacionados à manutenção de recursos no exterior não declarados mediante o pagamento de 30% do valor dos ativos. Recentemente, grandes bancos internacionais têm incentivado clientes a aderirem ao programa sob risco de fechamento ou restrição de contas.
Promulgado Acordo entre o Governo da República Federativa do Brasil e o Conse...Noronha Advogados
O Brasil e a Suíça firmaram um acordo em 2009 para estreitar laços de cooperação científica e tecnológica. O acordo foi promulgado em 2016 e prevê o desenvolvimento conjunto de pesquisas, intercâmbio de informações e visitas entre cientistas dos dois países. A parceria é importante para o Brasil aprender com um dos maiores investidores em pesquisa do mundo.
Promulgado Acordo de Cooperação Econômica e Tecnológica entre o Governo da Re...Noronha Advogados
O documento resume um acordo de cooperação econômica e tecnológica entre o Brasil e a Romênia promulgado em 2016, que visa estimular o desenvolvimento econômico dos países em setores como indústria, mineração e tecnologia através da facilitação de contatos empresariais e transferência de conhecimento. Uma comissão mista será responsável por monitorar a implementação do acordo e promover a cooperação entre os setores público e privado dos dois países.
Brasil adere à convenção "apostila", simplificando o uso de documentos estran...Noronha Advogados
Brasil adere à Convenção da Apostila em janeiro de 2016, simplificando a validação de documentos públicos estrangeiros no país e de documentos brasileiros no exterior, eliminando a necessidade de legalização consular. A Convenção prevê o uso de um "Apostila" para certificar a autenticidade de documentos públicos entre países signatários, reduzindo custos e burocracia. As novas regras entrarão em vigor no Brasil em agosto de 2016.
The document discusses recent developments in Brazil's oil and gas industry:
- Petrobras confirmed pre-salt operations remain economically viable despite low oil prices due to optimized costs.
- Petrobras reaffirmed its 2016 investment target of $19 billion and later reduced its 2015-2019 investment plan by $32 billion to $98.4 billion, focusing more investments on pre-salt areas.
- The government created a program to promote the oil and gas supply chain and reduce costs, and the industry is asking the government for incentives to continue investments.
IMPROVEMENT IN BRAZIL’S CURRENT TRANSACTIONS REASSURES INVESTORSNoronha Advogados
The Central Bank of Brazil announced that the country's current account deficit fell 43% in 2015 compared to 2014, totaling $59 billion. This improvement was offset by $75 billion in foreign direct investment, resulting in a $16 billion surplus. The announcement of better current account results and an exchange rate adjustment that improves competitiveness should boost perceptions of the Brazilian economy's vitality and encourage domestic and foreign investment. A former Chinese ambassador to Brazil argued that issues in Brazil are more political than economic, and that the country has strong sectors and growing foreign reserves.
Presidente da UBE homenageia Dom Duarte de BragançaNoronha Advogados
A União Brasileira de Escritores (UBE) concedeu a medalha Jorge Amado a Dom Duarte de Bragança em reconhecimento aos seus esforços para promover a língua portuguesa, especialmente no Timor-Leste. A UBE é a associação de escritores mais antiga do Brasil, fundada em 1942, e tem como objetivo apoiar escritores brasileiros e a defesa da língua portuguesa.
UBE - Condenação à morte de poeta na Arábia SauditaNoronha Advogados
O documento expressa profunda preocupação com a condenação à morte do poeta palestino Ashraf Fayadh na Arábia Saudita por apostasia e exercício da liberdade de expressão, violando direitos humanos universais. Pede às autoridades sauditas que libertem imediatamente Fayadh e outros detidos pelo mesmo motivo, respeitando a liberdade de pensamento.
Editada Medida Provisória que altera o imposto sobre ganho de capitais em 2016Noronha Advogados
A Medida Provisória n° 692 altera o imposto sobre ganhos de capital no Brasil em 2016, estabelecendo alíquotas progressivas de 15% a 30% dependendo do valor do ganho. A legislação atual tem uma alíquota fixa de 15%. A Medida Provisória também trata da tributação de ganhos de segunda alienação de ações e de residentes em paraísos fiscais.
FATCA - O programa que visa combater a evasão fiscalNoronha Advogados
O acordo FATCA entre Brasil e EUA para compartilhamento de informações financeiras de contribuintes entrou em vigor. As instituições financeiras brasileiras devem fornecer dados de contas de clientes americanos e receber dados de contas de brasileiros nos EUA. O compartilhamento anual de dados referentes a 2014 ocorrerá até setembro de 2015.
Petrobras has identified gas during drilling of a new well in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, confirming the basin's potential. BNDES foresees $155 billion being invested in Brazil's oil and gas sector between 2015-2017. New regulations in Brazil aim to protect existing rights related to oil and gas concessions while allowing unitization between fields. ANP plans to hold the 13th bidding round for exploration blocks in early 2015.
Ambasciatore del Brasile Ricardo Neiva per ocasione del lancio del libroNoronha Advogados
Parole del Ambasciatore del Brasile, Sig. Ricardo Neiva Tavares, per ocasione del lancio del libro "La campagna dela Forza di Spedizione Brasiliana per la Liberazione d'Italia", nella ambasciata del Brasile, Roma, 15 ottobre 2014.
Parole del Signor Mario Giro sotto segretario di stato per gli affari esteri ...Noronha Advogados
Parole del Signor Mario Giro sotto segretario di stato per gli affari esteri della reppublica italiana per ocasione del lancio libro “La campagna della Forza di Spedizione Braziliana per la liberazione d’Italia, nella ambasciata del Brasile, Roma, 15 ottobre, 2014.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
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Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real lifeartemacademy2
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
XP 2024 presentation: A New Look to Leadershipsamililja
Presentation slides from XP2024 conference, Bolzano IT. The slides describe a new view to leadership and combines it with anthro-complexity (aka cynefin).
This presentation by OECD, OECD Secretariat, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
This presentation by Professor Alex Robson, Deputy Chair of Australia’s Productivity Commission, was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the 77th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – ROBSON – June 202...
La Campagna della Forza de Spedizione Brasiliana per la liberazione d’Italia
1. “The campaign of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force for the liberation of
Italy” – speech given at Embassy of Brazil, Rome-Italy, October 15, 2014.
Dear Srs,
This book purposely transcends the military actions of Brazil in World War II
because it seeks to contextualise the conflict in the economic, political and social
developments that affected the world in the early twentieth century and that
initially led to fascism in Italy and, later, to Nazism in Germany.
Thus, I sought to explain the underlying conditions for the development of
fascism in Italy in the early 1920s, together with the spurious ideologies of the
movement, its policy of internal repression and external imperial expansionism,
all within a despairing economic, social and political framework, whilst paying
particular attention to Mussolini’s racist policy.
Likewise, the development of Nazism in Germany is examined from the end of
World War I, in 1918. I examine the the political conflicts of the time, the
disbelief in democracy and the role of German nationalism arising from the
creation of the nation state in 1870, in the creation of Nazi thought. I analyse
Hitler’s expansionist policy in international relations, together with the verified
economic recovery and internal political repression in the domestic sphere, and
again I discuss the issue of racism.
In Brazil, I discuss economic, social and political evolution from 1929 and their
internal effects and examine the Revolution of 1930 and the various political
developments that occurred in the 1930s and 1940s. Moreover, I report on
aspects of foreign trade and the oscillating politics of President Getúlio Vargas
and how the situation of the colonies of Italian (largest in the world), Japanese
(largest in the world) and German immigrants (second largest in the world)
presented itself in Brazil in that period.
I introduce the evolution of Brazilian foreign relations, highlighting the
severance of relations with the Axis powers in early 1942, which led to the
situation of belligerency with Germany and with Fascist Italy. I also report on
the circumstances and the situation of risk, assessing the latter as an act of
enormous political courage by the government of Getúlio Vargas, since it was
implemented when the Axis powers were winning the war.
I introduce the coastal and South Atlantic war, the losses of
Brazilian and allied ships, as well as their respective
consequences for Brazil, and I examine the relevance of naval
transport during this period. I also describe the situation of the
Brazilian Navy and its formidable action in this episode, in
protecting convoys and north-south transportation in Brazil. I
examine the actuation of the Brazilian Air Force (Força Aérea
Brasileira, FAB), created as an independent weapon in 1941, to
combat the submarines of the Axis powers. I report on the
2. understanding achieved between Roosevelt and Vargas, with
respect to sending a Brazilian expeditionary force to the theatre
of Italy operations. I discuss the formation of the FEB and the
appointment of its commander, as well as the selection criteria
of its ranks. I examine the formation of the Air Force Fighter
Division of the FAB and the appointment of its commander. I
disclose the extraordinary support received from national public
opinion for the humanistic mission of the Brazilian armed forces,
the burden of which was supported by the Brazilian nation,
including full payment of armaments supplied by the United
States under the Lend-Lease project.
I present the extraordinary actions of the Brazilian Army in the
FEB, its strategic achievements, the liberation of Italian cities,
the enciclement of an entire German division following a pursuit
of 130 miles (209 km), and its victims. I report on the heroic
action of the FAB in the Italian theatre and discuss the
disproportionately high results of their actions, together with
the personal sacrifice of its officers.
In the epilogue, I evaluate the effects of World War II on
international relations and in shaping international public law
and the advancement in public ethics. I further examine the
effects of the conflict on Brazil, Italy, Germany and Japan, as
well as the excellent relations of the country with those other
countries in the post-war period.
Finally, I hope that this modest work will serve as a contribution to the
maintenance of the important historical memory of Brazilian action in the
liberation of Italy and in defence of the highest humanistic values, such that they
are always preserved. Likewise, I trust that the book and the memories it elicits
serve to further approximate Brazil and Italy in the bonds of brotherhood and
friendship that are instilled not only by common ideals, but the strong
sociological component imparted by Italian immigration in Brazil.