DNA part 2
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This document discusses the building blocks of DNA. It explains that nitrogenous bases attach to sugars to form nucleosides, and that nucleosides become nucleotides when a phosphate group attaches to the nucleoside. Specifically, it provides the examples of adenosine, guanosine, cytosine, and thymidine becoming nucleotides. The document also notes that adding more phosphate groups to a nucleotide, such as one, two, or three phosphates, produces adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate respectively, with the latter being an energy-rich compound known as ATP.
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Labada is qaba iyo xuquuqda ay isku leeyihiin
waa qoraal muxaadaro sheekh Mustafa ah oo ku saabsan labada is qaba iyo xuquuqda ay isku leeyihiin .
Sidee guusha dhabta ah loo gaaraa
waa buug laga qorey muxaadarada sheekh mustafa xaaji ismaaciil , kuna saabsan sida guusha dhabta ah loo gaaro
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- Purines and pyrimidines are the nitrogenous bases present in nucleotides. Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are the major bases.
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Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is a compound ribose, the polymer is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid).
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Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides that contain the genetic information in cells. DNA has a double helix structure with two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs (A=T, C=G). This structure was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953 and explained the inheritance of traits by replicating and transmitting genes from the parent DNA. Nucleic acids function to maintain genetic information, direct protein synthesis, and control cellular functions through DNA transcription and RNA translation.
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1. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA and are composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
2. DNA is a double-stranded molecule where the strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide bases. It is located in the nucleus and contains the genetic information of a cell.
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Labada is qaba iyo xuquuqda ay isku leeyihiin
waa qoraal muxaadaro sheekh Mustafa ah oo ku saabsan labada is qaba iyo xuquuqda ay isku leeyihiin .
Sidee guusha dhabta ah loo gaaraa
waa buug laga qorey muxaadarada sheekh mustafa xaaji ismaaciil , kuna saabsan sida guusha dhabta ah loo gaaro
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this is my own understanding , if u see any mistakes please feel free to contact me email : xanaf05@hotmail.com
thnks
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
DNA part 2
- 1. DNA part 2 Prep by : MOHAMED ABDUKADIR KALIF MPHIL in optometry
- 2. nucleosides • When nitrogenous bases are attached with sugar then it is called nucleosides.
- 4. When nitrogenous base of adenine binds with sugar it becomes adenosine
- 5. When nitrogenous base of guanine is fused with sugar it becomes guanosine
- 6. When nitrogenous base of cytosine is fused with sugar it becomes cytadine
- 7. When nitrogenous base of thymine is fused with sugar it becomes thymidine
- 8. nucleotides • To make DNA we need to change the nucleoside into nucleotide • When nucleoside is attached with phosphate then it is called nucleotides . • The phosphate is attached in carbon position number 5
- 10. • Phosphates are energy molecules , when more phosphate is attached in a molecule it energizes the molecule
- 11. So this is a chain of nucleotides
- 12. When Adenosine is having one phosphate , then it is called Adenosine monophosphate
- 13. When Adenosine is having two phosphates , then it is called Adenosine diphosphate
- 14. When Adenosine is having three phosphates , then it is called Adenosine triphosphate , and this molecule is also called ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE), this molecule is energy rich compound
- 15. • When guanine is attached with three phosphates it becomes G.T.P , cytosine becomes C.T.P , and thymine becomes T.T.P • So we can say nucleotide may be monophosphate , diphosphate , or triphosphate .
- 16. • To be continued