Django Interview Guide | For You

1. DJANGO
Interview Guide

2. What is
Django?
• Django is a high-level Python web framework that
encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic
design.
• It helps developers build web applications quickly and
efficiently by providing a set of tools and features for
handling common web development tasks such as
URL routing, database integration, template rendering,
and form handling.
• One of Django's key features is its built-in admin
interface, which automatically generates a user-
friendly administrative interface based on the data
models defined in your application. This makes it easy
to manage and manipulate data stored in the
database without writing additional code.
• Overall, Django is popular among developers for its
simplicity, scalability, and versatility, making it a
preferred choice for building a wide range of web
applications, from simple websites to complex
enterprise-level systems.

3. MVT Architecture
• In Django, the architecture is
commonly referred to as "Model-
View-Template" (MVT), which is a
variation of the traditional Model-
View-Controller (MVC) pattern.
Component Description
Model
Defines the data
structure and
interacts with the
database. Represents
tables in the
database.
View
Processes user
requests, fetches data
from models, and
returns HTML
responses. Acts as a
Controller in MVC
architecture.
Template
Generates the user
interface (UI)
dynamically. Contains
HTML markup with
embedded template tags
for dynamic content.

4. Source: GeeksForGeeks

5. Features
of
Django
Feature Description
Batteries-Included
Philosophy
Django follows the "batteries-included" philosophy, providing a comprehensive set of
tools and features out of the box for web development, such as an ORM,
authentication, URL routing, form handling, and an admin interface. This reduces the
need for developers to rely on third-party libraries for common tasks.
ORM (Object-Relational
Mapping)
Django's ORM abstracts away database interactions, allowing developers to work with
database models using Python classes. This simplifies database operations and
promotes code portability across different database backends.
Admin Interface
Django automatically generates a user-friendly administrative interface based on the
data models defined in the application. This admin interface allows administrators to
manage site content, users, and other data without writing custom admin panels.
URL Routing
Django's URL routing system maps URL patterns to view functions or classes,
allowing developers to create clean and expressive URL structures. URLs can be
configured using regular expressions or simple string patterns, making it easy to
define URL patterns and handle requests.
Template Engine
Django's template engine allows developers to create dynamic HTML content by
embedding Python-like expressions and template tags within HTML templates. This
separation of code and presentation enables developers to create reusable and
modular templates, improving code maintainability.
Form Handling
Django provides a powerful form handling framework that simplifies the creation and
processing of HTML forms. It includes built-in form validation, CSRF protection, and
form rendering utilities, reducing the boilerplate code required for form handling and
validation.

6. Features
of
Django
Feature Description
Security Features
Django includes built-in security features to protect against common web
vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request
forgery (CSRF), and clickjacking. It also provides authentication and authorization
mechanisms to control user access to resources.
Middleware
Django middleware allows developers to modify request/response objects globally
during the request/response cycle. Middleware can perform tasks such as
authentication, session management, caching, and logging, providing a flexible way to
extend Django's functionality.
Internationalization and
Localization
Django supports internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n) out of the box,
allowing developers to create multilingual websites easily. It provides tools for
translating text strings, formatting dates and numbers according to locale-specific
conventions, and serving content in multiple languages.
Scalability
Django is designed to scale from small projects to large, high-traffic websites and
applications. It provides built-in features such as caching, database connection
pooling, and support for distributed architectures, making it suitable for building
scalable and performant web solutions.
Community and Ecosystem
Django has a vibrant and supportive community of developers, contributors, and
users. It offers extensive documentation, tutorials, and third-party packages through
the Python Package Index (PyPI). The ecosystem around Django includes libraries,
extensions, and reusable apps that further extend its functionality.

7. Create a
To-do-list
using
Django
1. Create and Activate a Virtual Environment
2. Install Django: pip install django
3. Create a Django Project: django-admin startproject todo_list_project
4. Navigate to the Project Directory: cd todo_list_project
5. Create a Django App: python manage.py startapp todo
6. Define the To-Do Model: Define Task model in todo/models.py
7. Register the To-Do Model in Admin Panel: Register Task model in
todo/admin.py
8. Create Views and Templates: Define views in todo/views.py & Create HTML
templates in todo/templates/todo/
9. Define URL Patterns: Define URL patterns in todo/urls.py
10. Include App URLs in Project URLs: Include app's URL patterns in project's
urls.py
11. Run Migrations and Start the Development Server:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py runserver
Remember to deactivate the virtual environment after you finish working on your
project: deactivate

8. Batteries
-included
Philosoph
y
• The "batteries included" philosophy refers to the
approach of providing a comprehensive set of tools
and features out of the box, without requiring users to
install or configure additional components. In the
context of software development frameworks like
Django, this philosophy means that the framework
comes with built-in functionality to handle common
tasks and requirements.
• For Django specifically, the batteries-included
philosophy means that it provides a wide range of
features and utilities for web development without
needing to rely heavily on third-party libraries or
extensions. These built-in features include an ORM
(Object-Relational Mapping) for database interactions,
a robust admin interface for managing site content,
URL routing, form handling, authentication, security
features, internationalization support, and more.

9. Object Relational
Mapping (ORM)
• Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a
programming technique that allows developers
to work with relational databases using an
object-oriented approach. In the context of web
development, ORM frameworks abstract the
underlying database interactions, enabling
developers to interact with database tables and
rows using high-level programming constructs
such as classes and objects.
Source: MasteringDjango

10. URL Routing
• Routing, in the context of web
development, refers to the process of
determining how an application
responds to a client request to a
particular URL. It involves mapping
URLs to specific pieces of code that
handle those requests, typically
referred to as "views" or "controllers"
depending on the web framework being
used.
Source: Educative

11. Run a Django Project
Navigate to the project directory: Move into the
project directory using cd projectname.
Run the development server: Start the development
server with python manage.py runserver.
Access your project: Open a web browser and go to
http://127.0.0.1:8000/ or http://localhost:8000/ to
see your Django project running.

12. Create
Superadmin
• Open your terminal or command prompt and
navigate to your Django project directory.
• Run python manage.py createsuperuser.
• Follow the prompts to enter a username,
email, and password for your superadmin.
• Once created, run your Django development
server with python manage.py runserver.
• Go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ or
http://localhost:8000/admin in your web
browser.
• Log in using the superadmin credentials
you just created.

13. Why is Virtual
Environment
Important for
Django
Projects?
1.Keeps your project's Python
dependencies separate, preventing
conflicts.
2.Ensures you can reproduce your
project's environment easily.
3.Acts as a sandbox, protecting your
system-wide Python setup.
4.Helps manage dependencies cleanly and
securely.
5.Facilitates collaboration by sharing a
consistent environment via version
control.

14. CSRF
Token
• The CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
token is a security measure used in web
applications, including Django, to
protect against certain types of
attacks.
• What is CSRF? CSRF (Cross-Site Request
Forgery) is an attack where a malicious
website tricks a user's browser into
making unauthorized requests to another
website where the user is authenticated.
This can lead to actions being performed
without the user's consent.
• How does Django protect against CSRF
Django protects against CSRF attacks by
including a CSRF token with each form
rendered by the server. This token is
unique per session and per user and is
required to be submitted with POST
requests. Django verifies the token on
form submission, ensuring that the
request originated from the same site

15. Django Template
Language (DTL)
• Django comes with its own
templating engine called
the Django Template
Language (DTL). DTL
provides a simple and
powerful way to generate
dynamic HTML content by
embedding Python-like
expressions within HTML
templates.

16. How to check the version
of Django installed on
your system?
Open the command prompt and
enter the following command
py -m django --version ‘
or
python –m django --version

17. Why is
Django a
Framework
?
• Django is considered a framework because it provides
a structured set of tools and conventions to help
developers build web applications faster and easier. It
includes many built-in features, follows conventions to
reduce configuration, and offers flexibility for
customization. With a large community and extensive
ecosystem, Django simplifies web development by
handling common tasks, allowing developers to focus
on building their applications.

18. Framework Vs Library
Aspect Library Framework
Control Flow
Provides functions or
classes for specific
tasks
Dictates the overall structure and flow
of the app
Inversion of
Control
(IoC)
No IoC; developers call
library functions
directly
IoC; framework calls application code
Flexibility
More flexible; developers
have control over usage
Less flexible; developers must adhere
to framework's structure and
conventions
Responsibili
ty
Performs specific tasks
when called
Manages the entire application
lifecycle
Example
Requests a function from
a library to parse JSON
Defines routes, manages database, and
handles requests in a web framework

19. Why is
Django
Preferred
?
1.Ready-to-Use Tools: It comes with many built-in
features, saving time on coding common
functionalities.
2.Fast Development: Django's structure and tools allow
for quick development and prototyping.
3.Security: It has built-in security features to protect
against common web threats.
4.Scalability: Django is designed to handle high traffic
and large datasets.
5.Active Community: There's a large community
providing support, resources, and extensions.
6.Versatility: It can be used to build various types of
web applications.
7.Stability: Django is a mature and stable framework,
trusted by many businesses.

20. Happy
Learning!