This document discusses the diversity of banking institutions, including commercial banks, central banks, and specialized banks. It provides details on the key characteristics and functions of each type of bank. Commercial banks accept deposits and make loans to be profitable. Central banks direct monetary policy, regulate other banks, and act on behalf of the government. Specialized banks focus on specific economic sectors like agriculture, real estate, or industry through long-term financing and direct investment. Together these different bank types work to support economic development through the provision of various financial services.
this is the prentation for Functions of commercial banks for knowledge purpose. in this we include definition, types of commercial banks & all the functions which a bank perform.
This PPT describes about function of banks. There are two types of functions:- primary functions and secondary functions. Primary function of a bank are also known as banking functions. They are the main functions of a bank. Primary function is further divided into two parts:-accepting deposits and lending loans. Secondary function of a bank performs a number of secondary functions, also called as non-banking functions. Secondary function includes:-Merchant Banking, Leasing, Mutual funds, Venture Capital (VC), ATM, Telebanking, Credit cards,Locker Service, Underwriting, BCSBI. For more information please go through the slide:-
this is the prentation for Functions of commercial banks for knowledge purpose. in this we include definition, types of commercial banks & all the functions which a bank perform.
This PPT describes about function of banks. There are two types of functions:- primary functions and secondary functions. Primary function of a bank are also known as banking functions. They are the main functions of a bank. Primary function is further divided into two parts:-accepting deposits and lending loans. Secondary function of a bank performs a number of secondary functions, also called as non-banking functions. Secondary function includes:-Merchant Banking, Leasing, Mutual funds, Venture Capital (VC), ATM, Telebanking, Credit cards,Locker Service, Underwriting, BCSBI. For more information please go through the slide:-
savings bank account services by karnataka bankAprameya joshi
the document starts with introduction to financial services then goes with comercial banks and then speaks about the profile of karnataka bank and savings bank account services of karnataka bank
17 Commercial Bank OperationsCHAPTER OBJECTIVESThe specific ob.docxaulasnilda
17 Commercial Bank Operations
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The specific objectives of this chapter are to:
· ▪ describe the market structure of commercial banks,
· ▪ describe the most common sources of funds for commercial banks,
· ▪ explain the most common uses of funds for commercial banks, and
· ▪ describe typical off-balance sheet activities for commercial banks.
Measured by total assets, commercial banks are the most important type of financial intermediary. Like other financial intermediaries, they perform the critical function of facilitating the flow of funds from surplus units to deficit units.
17-1 BACKGROUND ON COMMERCIAL BANKS
Up to this point, the text has focused on the role and functions of financial markets. From this point forward, the emphasis is on the role and functions of financial institutions. Recall from Chapter 1 that financial institutions commonly facilitate the flow of funds between surplus units and deficit units. Commercial banks represent a key financial intermediary because they serve all types of surplus and deficit units. They offer deposit accounts with the size and maturity characteristics desired by surplus units. They repackage the funds received from deposits to provide loans of the size and maturity desired by deficit units. They have the ability to assess the creditworthiness of deficit units that apply for loans, so they can limit their exposure to credit (default) risk on the loans they provide.
17-1a Bank Market Structure
In 1985, more than 14,000 banks were located in the United States. Since then, the market structure has changed dramatically. Banks have been consolidating for several reasons. One reason is that interstate banking regulations were changed in 1994 to allow banks more freedom to acquire other banks across state lines. Consequently, banks in a particular region are now subject to competition not only from other local banks but also from any bank that may penetrate that market. This has prompted banks to become more efficient in order to survive. They have pursued growth also as a means of capitalizing on economies of scale (lower average costs for larger scales of operations) and enhanced efficiency. Acquisitions have been a convenient way to grow quickly.
As a result of this trend, there are less than half as many banks today as there were in 1985, and consolidation is still occurring. Exhibit 17.1 shows how the number of banks has declined over time, thereby increasing concentration in the banking industry. The largest 100 banks now account for about 75 percent of all bank assets versus about 50 percent in 1985. The largest five banks now account for more than 50 percent of bank assets, versus 30 percent in 2001. JPMorgan Chase & Company is the largest bank in the United States with about $2.3 trillion in assets, while Bank of America Corporation has about $2.2 trillion in assets and Citigroup Inc. has about $1.9 trillion in assets.
Large banks have expanded over time by acquiring othe ...
WHAT IS A BANK, CLASSIFY AND DISCUSS BANKS.
Bank: a bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
3. Introduction
In the last two decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the
21st century the business institutions in general and the
commercial banks in particular have faced a big challenges.
These periods were characterized by the increase in intense
competition and the amount of the direct and indirect governmental
intervention as well as the big technological advance in the
electronic calculators. The economic development in the state, to a
large extent, depends on the capability of the banks'
administrations facing the present time challenges.
Banks' administration, in this method, is how to run the commercial
banks offering its financial services of accepting all types of
deposits and granting loans to the public of different sects in order
to gain profit.
4. 1- Commercial Banks:
It is one of the financial institutions based on accepting deposits
and granting credit. The commercial bank in this form is considered
as a medium between those who have surplus funds and those
who need these funds. The commercial banks, so-called "Deposits'
Banks", could be defined as (a non-special credit institutions,
primarily accept the individuals' retractable upon request or a short-
term deposits. This definition distinctively determines the
commercial banks' characteristics from other banks.
1. They are non-special banks.
2. They accept the retractable upon request deposits.
3. Unlike the non-commercial banks, they exclusively create
money.
4. It is the medium between the lenders and borrowers.
5. The commercial banks have three distinctive
features regarding the profitability, liquidity and
safety:
A Profitability:
The commercial Banks are profitable financial
institutions. In other word, its main revenues are the
profits gained from gathering deposits and granting
loans. The difference between the generated profits
from deposits' investment and its paid interests
represents the revenues of the commercial banks.
The profitability is based on:
1. Returns resulting from reliance on the third-party
funds in financing the investment specially the stock
(shares and bonds).
2. But if the commercial bank relied on the property
funds in financing its investments, the inevitable result
would be the forever closure.
6. B Liquidity:
The retractable upon request deposits has the loan share
of the commercial bank's financial resources and the bank
must be ready to meet them at any time. This is the most
important trait of the commercial banks. At a time when the
other financial institutions could postpone the paying of
what it dues,
a mere rumor about the bank's insufficient liquidity could
undermine the depositors' confidence leading them
unexpectedly to withdraw their deposits making the bank
vulnerable to bankruptcy.
.
7. C Safety:
The commercial bank's capital is characterized by
smallness. It is not more than 10% of the net
assets. This means that the individual's deposits
represent 90% of the total funds resources. It is
clearly evident that the commercial bank uses the
third-party funds to finances its activities. What
distinguishes the commercial banks from other
banks is that it could turn the ( credits ) the
deposits into (assets).
From the above-mentioned we realize:
1. The smallness of the depositors' safety
edge.
2. The bigness of the financiers or the bank's
8. Three goals to be realized by the bank's administration:
Firstly: achieving maximum profitability: by increasing
revenues as long as the bulk of the costs is fixed costs
while any revenues reduction leads to profits reduction as
well and vice-versa.
-----
Secondly: avoiding acute shortage of liquidity as it
undermines the depositors' confidence in the bank. There
is a direct correlation between the increase or decrease of
liquidity and the depositors' confidence.
Thirdly: achieving maximum safety for the depositors.
The three goals (profitability, liquidity and safety) have an
impact on the shaping of the basic policies governing the
commercial banks' activities. They are: attracting deposits,
granting loans and investment in stock.
The diagram below represents the most important aspects
of the commercial bank's basic activity:
9.
10. The figure shows that the role of the commercial banks
is basically limited to accepting whatever form of
deposits (retractable, for a period of time, saving
…etc) then employing these deposits in loaning
operations (granting loans) and investment. The figure
also shows that the liquidity is achieved by accepting
deposits which is employed to serve the development
projects, in other word, loans and investment
representing the bank's profitable activities.
11. 2-- The Central Bank:
It is an independent public legal personality. It
conducts the credit and banking policy and
supervising its execution. It has the right at any
time to look into the banks' folders and records in a
way that guarantees the obtaining of all the
information that help achieving its purposes.
12. Today, the central bank conducts some or all of the
following posts:
1. Organizing the currency issuance according to the
national economy requirements. So, the central bank is
the only institution that has the right to issue the currency.
2. Performing the banking services demanded by the
government. It is the government agent in all its banking
transactions.
3. Keeping the cash reserves for the commercial
banks. So it is the bank of banks.
4. Keeping the state's reserves of the foreign cash
balances and running them on its behalf.
5. Offering facilities for other banks and financial
institutions. It is the last resort as it is the bank of banks.
6. Monitoring and directing the credit quantitatively and
qualitatively.
13. The central bank should have the following condition:
a. It should never accept private deposits.
b. It should never grant loans or dealing directly
with the private sectors Regarding the goals, the
central bank differs from the other banks. It might not
basically aim at gaining profits but rather achieving
national economic, monetary and financial goals.
14. bank:
No The Central Bank The Commercial Bank
1
Concerned with directing the
other banks. It is the bank of
banks and non-profitable
bank.
Aiming at gaining and
maximizing profits by
increasing the revenues.
2
There is no but one central
bank in the State
There are multiple
commercial banks in the
national economy
3
It Subjects generally to the
monetary authorities or the
supreme authorities in the
State
It subjects to the central bank
authority as it is the first
observer of the credit.
4
It rarely deals with the public
because its prime concerned
is to deal with the other
banks
It deals with the public by
accepting deposits and
granting loans. It is the
"deposits' bank".
5
The central bank's strength or
weakness relies on the extent
of independency form the
government in decision-
making.
The commercial bank's
strength or weakness relies
on the amount of deposits'
revenues because it operates
the third-party funds.
15. The central bank's domination over the banking system
could be represented as follows
The Central Bank
Special BanksInvestment BanksCommercial Banks
16. Special Banks:
They are the banks that conduct banking operations
serving a specific type of economic activity according to its
establishing decisions in which the retractable upon
request deposits are not one of its basic activities.
The above definition shows that the special banks share
the following characteristic:
1. It does not accept individuals' deposits. Instead it
relies on its own capitals and long-term accrued bonds as
well as long-term loans from the central bank and the
commercial banks.
2. The purpose of establishing the special banks
includes national and social aims. So, the State grants
them loans with special profit price through the central
bank.
3. The commercial banks' activity is not limited only to
loans granting
17. process but rather they often perform direct investment.
These include:
• Constructing new projects.
• Contribution to the projects' capitals.
• Offering technical experience and advice in its
specialization for money.
The special banks include:
• The Real Estate Bank.
• The Agricultural Bank.
• The Industrial Bank.
18. The above-mentioned banks' activities differ from
the commercial banks' activities because it
requires:
1. A long-term finance.
2. Special experiences.
3. Awareness of the operations' nature such as
agricultural, industrial and real estate activity.
4. Existence of Branches' network might be
extended to the small town in the State.