1. DIVERSITY OF RIVER
By Group 10
NOOR ZAFIRAH BT ABDUL HALIM
FATIN AINI MUSIDI
NURHASNIZA BT JOHARI
DEBBIE ANAK SANDIN
KAH SHIAU CHING
NURSYAREIZA BT AZALI

2. OUTLINE
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INTRODUCTION OF DIVERSITY OF
RIVER
CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER
ECOSYSTEM OF THE RIVER
THE IMPORTANCE OF RIVER
RIVER ECOSYSTEM DISRUPTION
PRESERVATION AND
CONSERVATION OF RIVER

3. INTRODUCTI
ON
OF
DIVERSITY
OF RIVER
 River is a large natural stream of
water emptying into an ocean,
lake, or other body of water.
 The existence of a river depends
on three things:
i. The availability of surface
water
ii. A channel in the ground
iii. An inclined surface
 Powered
by
gravity,
for
thousands of year, rivers are
always flowing downhill.

4.  The ecosystem of a river is
viewed as a system operating in
its natural environment and
includes biotic & abiotic (nonliving) physical.
 Characteristic of river is the
water flow low is unidirectional.
 It is carry water from the higher
parts of earth to the lower parts.
 There are three courses river,
which is upper, middle and lower.

5. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER

6. Current of
the river
Discharge of
the river
River & land
• Defined as the downstream movement of
water.
• Its determines the extent of erosion of the
river channel, the degree of particle
deposition and the nature of sediments and
benthic organisms.
• Defined as the volume of water passing
through the cross-sectional area of the
channel per unit time.
• It is a product of channel width, depth and
velocity of water .
• The dynamic relationship between the river
and the land is shaped by the river's fluvial
characteristics and involves the
interconnected processes of erosion,
transportation of materials and deposition.

7. ECOSYSTEM OF THE RIVER

8. Population
Each species of fish prefers a certain habitat.
Habitat is where a fish lives and must contain adequate oxygen,
tolerable temperature, adequate food and hiding places (cover).
Surfac
e of
River
Many tiny creatures live right on the
water's surface in river (place to feed)
Small fish swimming near the surface
can be an easy meal for larger fish.
Larger fish often follow these small
fish and feed on them. Then anglers try to
catch the larger fish. This is called a
"food chain.”

9. Deep of
river
It’s the place where less current in the
river flow.
Most of the fish like to take advantage of
low spots & less current and wait for food to
come to them.
Trout and salmon like cold, moving water.
Usually, they'll stay near the edge of the
current and eat whatever food comes along.
Estuarie
s
An estuary is where the river's current
meets the tides.
This cause salty water mixes with the fresh
water of rivers or streams.
An estuary is exciting for anglers because
both freshwater and saltwater species of fish
live there.

10. Marshe
s &
swamps
Marshes and swamps are very important
areas for fish.
Marshes are more open and have grasses,
reeds and other non-woody plants.
Swamps have many trees and shrubs.
Most bogs are found in northern climates.
Bogs are areas with acidic soil and a heavy
growth of mosses.
Peat moss is formed in bogs by the buildup
and partial decay of plants. Because of the
acid water, fish are usually not found in bogs.

11. IMPORTANCE OF THE RIVER

12. Provide habitat for
numerous species of plants
and animals
Source of fresh water
Store flood water
Importances of river
Important source of
renewable energy
Aquaculture and farming
Transportation

13. RIVER ECOSYSTEM
DISRUPTION

14. Waste disposal
activities
Industrial
activities
RIVER
ECOSYSTEM
DISRUPTION
Agricultural and
livestock
development
Activities
dumping of toxic

15. EFFECTS OF RIVER
ECOSYSTEM
DEGRADATION

16. Impact On
The
Physical
Environme
nt
 Causes many species of flora
and fauna threatened with
extinction until there is no
time to run the
conservation.
 Impact on the climate such
as deforestation can change
the world's climate.
 can reduce the supply of
oxygen for respiratory
needs for living things
 Causes the reduction of air
humidity.
Effects
On
Humans
 Can cause the lack of food
resources, due to many forest
species of plants as a food
source is decreases.
 Reduce timber resources such
valuable trees - will interfere
with the resource-based
economic activity logging and
other wood industry and
others.

17. CONSERVATION
&
PRESERVATION
OF RIVER

18. Habitat
Restoration
 Source of food & drink
 Save the river mean we also save the habitat
 To proclaim the habitat, through the act of environment
 Those anyone who violates this act will be fined for the
offense.
Environmental
Education
 Primary and secondary through the integrated curriculum
in the subject of science & biology
 Their will appreciate how important and maintenance of the
river in the future.
Be informed of
environmental
laws
 Minister of Natural Resources and Environment should make
spot check to residents living nearest river and see how they
play their roles to protecting river.
 Local be in command side is needed to fined or compound
the factory which outlet their wasted toxic direct into the
river.
Through mass
media &
campaigns
 Play an important role is that newspapers, magazines,
television and radio.
 Putting sign ages and other campaign materials would help
to create and increase awareness of to community members

19. CONCLUSION

20. EFFECTS OF
POLLUTION
ON THE RIVER
Pollution kills water plants and
animals. It also carries diseases.
When animals drink the water, they
may get diseases which can kill
them. People can even get these
diseases by eating the infected
animal. Polluted rivers smell bad.
Efforts are being made to clean dirty
rivers.

21. Q&A