Distance education in Kazakhstan began being formally defined in the late 20th century, with the first distance education project created in 1999. Over the past two decades, the government has actively worked to develop the legal framework for distance education and has funded three major programs to build infrastructure and train teachers in new technologies. However, challenges remain in fully implementing distance learning across the country due to low digital literacy among some teachers, inadequate technology in rural areas, and a lack of systematic development at universities. The current National Education Development Program aims to address these issues over the next decade.