This document discusses methods of disinfection and sterilization used in microbiology and intensive care units (ICUs). It outlines various chemical and physical sterilization methods like glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, autoclaving and dry heat. Specific protocols for disinfecting equipment used in ventilators, tracheostomy care, suctioning and cleaning ICU instruments and surfaces are provided. The importance of proper handling and disposal of sharps and linens is also highlighted. Routine surveillance of sterilization practices in the ICU is recommended monthly.

1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND
MYCOLOGY

2. DISINFECTION & STERILIZATION
 STERILIZATION
Process of
removing microbes
inclusive of
bacterial
endospores
 DISINFECTION
process of
removing microbes
except bacterial
endospores

3. DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION
CHEMICALS:disinfection or sterilization
DISINFECTANTS:
low level
intermediate level
high level

4. Physical method
Heat Radiation
Dry heat Moist heat(autoclave)
Prevaccum Gravity displacement
STERILIZATION

5. CHEMICAL METHODCHEMICAL METHOD

6. 2% GLUTARLDEHYDE
Sterilization Disinfection
8-10 Hrs used for :-
Pneumatic circuits. i.e.-
ventilator tubing O2 masks
ventury devices nebulizer
chamber
15-30 Mts used for dis
infecting endoscopes
Respiratory tubing's

7. ETHYLENE OXIDE(EO)
Used for polythene and plastic items
E.g.:- Ambu bag ,Baines circuit , Domes
, Biopsy Needle , Electric items ,
Rubber items

8. E.O. GAS
Pre-caution:-
• Scrupulous cleanliness and dryness
• Adequate aeration at least 12Hrs

9. VENTILATOR
 STERILE WATER FOR NEBULIZER & HUMIDIFIER
 PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT TO BE CHANGED WHEN
VISIBLY SOILED
 USE HEAT & MOISTURE EXCHANGE FILTER
 CONDENSATE IN TUBING TO BE DRAINED ONLY
TO THE WATER TRAPS
 HUMIDIFIER DOMES (AUTO CLAVED OR
STERILIZED BY 2% GLUTARALDEHYDE)

10. PNEUMATIC CIRCUITPNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
• WASHED UNDER RUNNING WATER
• IMMERSED IN 2% GLUTARALDEHYDE
FOR 8 TO 10Hrs

11. TRACHEOSTOMY CARETRACHEOSTOMY CARE
 TO BE GIVEN EVERY FOUR HOURS
 SKIN AROUND TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE CLEANED
WITH BETADINE
 INNER CANNULA OF METAL TRACHEOSTOMY
-CLEANED UNDER RUNNING WATER
-IMMERSED IN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR
10MTS
- WASHED WITH WATER AND GAUZE WICK
-BOILED FOR 10 MINTS AND REPLACED ONCE
IT IS COOL

12. TRACHEAL SUCTIONING
USE DISPOSABLE SUCTION CATHETER
SUCTION JAR & TUBING CHANGED EVERY 24 Hrs
FILLED WITH 7% LYSOL FOR
1Hr
CLEANED WITH SOAP UNDER
RUING WATER

13. SUCTION TRAYS
o TO BE CHANGED EVERYDAY
o SUCTION CUPS
-CHANGED AFTER EACH USE
- IMMERSED IN 7% LYSOL FOR 1Hr
- WASHED WITH SOAP &WATER
- SENT FOR AUTOCLAVING

14. ICU – ISOLATION ROOM
SINGLE CLOSED CUBICLE
CASES – OPEN TB , ANTHRAX, MRSA etc…
UV LIGHT FOR DISINFECTION

15. FUMIGATION
NOT RECOMMENDEDNOT RECOMMENDED

16. ICU INSTRUMENTS
►SEPARATE:THERMOMETER, AMBU BAG,
BAINS CIRCUIT, STETHOSCOPE,
► BIOPSY NEEDLE - EO GAS STERILIZATION
►DISPOSABLE SUCTION CATHETER

17. ALL REUSABLE ITEMS
WASHED UNDER
RUNNING WATER
2% GLUTARALDEHYDE

18. DOUBLE AUTO
CLAVING1. HIV , HBV , HCV , MRSA INFECTTION
2. FOR RE- USABLE NON – SHARP
MATERILE
3. PLACED IN REDBAG

19. PERSONNEL
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION
HAND WASHING GLOVES
SHARPSMASK

20. LINEN
o SOAKED IN 7% LYSOL hrs

21. SEPARATE AREA
(UTILITY ROOM)
 FOR EQUIPMENT DISINFECTION
PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS , O2MASK etc
 SUCTION JAR CLEANING AND
DISINFECTION
 CHEST DRAINAGE BOTTLES
 LINEN DISINFECTION

22. ROUTINE SURVEILLANCE IN ICU – ONCE
IN A MONTH