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Diseases During The 1800s
During the 1800s, there was several diseases affecting people left and right. "Diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox, measles, chickenpox, cholera,
whooping cough and influenza, among others" ("1800s: My Place, Diseases") were some of the known diseases that would cripple or cause death to
multiple people. Often Plantation owners and their slaves would have the same diseases, but plantation owners had a higher chance at surviving than
slaves did. Doctors would prescribe the same treatment to anyone with a disease, usually natural herbs or bleeding out. Doctors from England that
lived in America could no longer visit England for medical advice after the Revolutionary War, so several doctors started to improvise with many
different remedies
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Colonial Apothecaries Essay
Colonial Research Project
Sarah Kong
February 26, 2018
Apothecary; noun a person who prepared and sold medicine and drugs. Have you ever wondered what came before doctors? That kind of occupation
was for apothecaries. I chose this particular job for my research project because apothecaries use a lot of interesting objects, and were way different
than present–day doctors and pharmacists.
In Europe, folks who were selling wine, spices, and herbs were known as apothecaries. They prepared and sold medicine directly to patients.
Apothecaries also gave out medical advice and sold out many different products.
Colonial apothecaries practiced as doctors, made house calls to treat patients, provided medical treatment, prescribed medicine, ... Show more content
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They are very similar. Both used chalk for heartburn, calamine for skin irritations, and cinchona bark for fevers. Later, apothecaries found out that
cinchona bark contained quinine for malaria, and quinidine for cardiac problems. But medical treatment was very expensive, so that led to the colonists
to self–diagnose and treat their own problems.
Medical treatment was expensive and people frequently diagnose themselves, and the way they treated themselves was (1. The remedy was passed
down from tradition, (2. They were guided by folklore, or (3. by books. To cure headaches, for example, the colonists often used a remedy that
contained roses and vinegar. The rose petals are steeped into vinegar, and then they were applied topically.
In some trades, the apothecaries' skill and knowledge were secret, and little about them were published in books. For apothecaries and surgeons, there
were textbooks, and many of them survived. The National Library of Medicine, the nation's largest medical library, published a bibliography of the
eighteenth–century books in its collection. Most of the 501 pages are titles of things such as medical theory, midwifery,pharmacy, surgery, and diseases.
Apothecaries were crucial to
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Plasmodium Falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite. It is unique of the class of Plasmodium that is the foundation and cause malaria in individuals. There
are other Plasmodium species that can cause malaria in humans. Nevertheless P. falciparum is the most common, virulent, and deadly. P. falciparum
communicable by the female Anopheles mosquito.
P. falciparum life cycle is comprised of two hosts. A P. falciparum carrier female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites into the human, infecting their
liver cells. Once there infection and damage to red blood cells is critical to the parasites survival. Because red blood cells transport oxygen all over the
body, their destruction by P. falciparum causes basic functional devastation to the host.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
falciparum, whereas in most other countries with malaria transmission, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate. Almost every malarial
death is caused by P. falciparum.[ Malaria is caused by an infection with protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. The name malaria, from the Italian mala
aria, meaning "bad air", comes from the linkage suggested by Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1717) of malaria with the poisonous vapours of swamps. This
species name comes from the Latin falx, meaning "sickle", and parere meaning "to give birth". The organism itself was first seen by Laveran on
November 6, 1880 at a military hospital in Constantine, Algeria, when he discovered a microgametocyte exflagellating. Patrick Manson (1894)
hypothesised that mosquitoes could transmit malaria. This hypothesis was experimentally confirmed independently by Giovanni Battista Grassi and
Ronald Ross in 1898. Grassi (1900) proposed an exerythrocytic stage in the life cycle, later confirmed by Short, Garnham, Covell and Shute (1948),
who found Plasmodium vivax in the human liver.
Epidemiology of the major disease/organism. Around the world, malaria is the most significant parasitic disease of humans, and claims the lives of
more children worldwide than any other infectious disease. Since 1900, the area of the world exposed to malaria has been halved, yet two billion more
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1870-1890 Research Paper
There were some major industrial/agricultural innovations of the period 1870–1890. Electricity was one of these as it supplied energy to light rooms,
buildings, and elevators in buildings and other places such as those of the Eiffel Tower. Electric elevators at the Eiffel Tower allowed the transport of
more to/from its summit. Telephones and typewriters changed the way people and businesses communicated, conducted business, traded, and
transmitted/ swapped information with one another. The transportation industry exploded with the inventions of automobiles and locomotives that
pulled trains which carried millions of people to and from their destinations. As these modes of transportation increased, so did the mining and
production of coal,
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Acupuncture Research Paper
To tell the truth during inserting the needles, we see some risks or we get some abnormally stat like the swoon, the patient afraid, thinking by inserting
the needles if smooth or thin, stress or effective point with inserting needles. Break the needles in the body. Bleeding in that point during inserting the
needles in the veins that is normal, eating more before or after the punctuation, making acupuncture for pregnant women, old age he can refuse the
process and excessive pain in that place by touching the needles with bones that make a strong pain and the patient may be cry. Also, the theory of five
element (water, wood, fire, metals and (earth)soil) that produce nature, by chines those elements are circulated movement and retiring to start point...
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Acupuncture has in beginning about three hundred sixty point, those points are divided on meridians, in author side acupuncture has two secondary
meridians, more of those meridians through one of organism that has the same name like meridian of kidney, meridian of liver, meridian of heart,
meridian of stomach, meridian of large intestine, meridian of small intestine, meridian of lung, meridian of gallbladder, meridian of spleen, meridian of
bladder, meridian of triple burner, meridian of pericardium, meridian of run, meridian of due. All these meridians has the same points in both ears. Six
main of these meridians are connected to the organ (Yin) and six meridians are connected to viscous (Yang). Each yin meridian is connected with a
yang meridian. And each meridian has relationship with an element, large intestine and lung meridian with metal, stomach and spleen meridian with
earth, heart and small intestine meridian with fire, bladder and kidney meridian with water, gallbladder and liver meridian with wood, pericardium and
triple burner with
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The Major Driving Forces For European Imperialism In Africa
Africa was filled with a phenomenal and immense amount of natural resources. Many European countries were in a race to get these resources and to
gain land. The only problem was that a race for this beautiful land and these natural resources deemed as economy boosters could cause an all out war
between the European nations. European countries never were concerned for land in Africa nor their resources. That was until the late 1880s when
King Leopold II of Belgium started sort of a trend by acquiring a private "country" of 900,000 square miles in Africa. This "country" was dubbed the
Congo Free State and it was 95 times the size of Belgium. Leopold was making a gargantuan amount of money by taking out ivory and rubber. Many
European countries started to notice what Leopold was doing and wanted to join in on finding these natural resources and gaining land. Otto Von
Bismarck of Germany proposed a conference for European countries to divide up Africa so that there wouldn't be any wars over land or resources.
Technological advancements, cultural causes, and national pride are all important Driving Forces to European imperialism, but the main reason was
economical.
There were seven different European nations that had colonies in Europe according to Document B, page 269, produced by The DBQ Project in 2013.
The seven different European nations which were Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, and Spain according to Document A, page 263,
produced by The DBQ Project
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Cinchona Bark Controversy
You bring up some really good points that I had not considered. I must say that I agree with you standpoint on synthesizing of the drug being an
advancement and not being an act of biopiracy. I think I was more look at it in its indirect nature how it was affecting the South American countries that
were robbed from the economic benefits of the use of the natural bark for the production of quinine.
I think that in part we are guilty by association since we were part of group that imposed the negative impact upon the indigenous rights of this plant's
native host country. I think that in too many instances people turn a blind eye to wrong doings just because it is benefiting them. Instead of standing
up for another's rights, especially those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its primary use was for its antimalarial benefits, which throughout the 1600s to 1800s was the primary treatment for malaria. It is also used to kill
parasites, reduce fever, regulate the heartbeat, stimulate digestions, antibacterials, antifungals, reduce muscle spasms, relieve pain, and calm nerves.
In 1820, the scientists Pelletier and Caventou were able to isolate the quinine alkaloid from the bark of the tree to be sold as the antimalarial drug. Not
until 1944, during World War II, was the alkaloid synthesized by scientists for its medicinal reproduction. This was due to the fact that at the time the
top producer of quinine, the dutch owned Indonesian island of Java, was occupied by the Japanese in 1942. This cut off allied forces from the drug
supply, forcing them to find alternatives to mass produce the antimalarial drugs.
Quinine alkaloid was used briefly to treat heart problems and cardiac arrhythmia and became a standard for cardiac therapy. This lead to the
discovery of a second alkaloid called quinidine that is found in the tree bark. This is primarily used in prescriptions to treat arrhythmia. However, this
alkaloid has not yet been able to be synthesized by scientists, requiring the natural bark of the tree for its
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Elizabethan Era Medicine
Herbal Remedies and Poisons in Elizabethan Times
In this day and age, there are millions of pharmaceuticals out there for all kinds of diseases and conditions, but where did all of this start? The
creation of medicines most likely started when people discovered the healing properties plants contained. Today, mankind has the knowledge and
technology to extract elements from plants to produce more chemically engineered medicines. The real question is how did medicines develop from
mashing up leaves in order to lessen an infuriating rash to just popping a pill to nurse or illness? Medicines evolved by the scientific method: series of
research and experiments. During the Elizabethan era, research and experimentation attained a renewed interest. ... Show more content on
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However, in order to balance out the world there needs to good and bad. There were medicines created that saved lives, but there were also poisons
that were used to kill people. Even though there were poisons, humanity thanks the scientists and pharmacists who created these medicines, which led
the world to producing more effective medicines. Somewhere on this globe, there is a person who is only alive because of the medicines physicians
created, and mankind appreciates it
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Brazilian Rainforest
The rain forest in Brazil government should set stricter regulations. 20% of the critical forest is gone already . Not to mention 150 acres gone per
hour is ridiculous. Where once at a time the rain forest covered 14% of the earth , it covers only 6% modern day . The Brazilian government really
should protect this important ecosystem and there's many reasons why they should do so.One reason is that the animals are at a very high rate of
extinction. This is a big problem because animals like jaguars help balance the population of other species and they are endangered. Also with animals
becoming extinct it could lead to a huge increase of one species, while also causing a decline in other species. The extinction of an animal really
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European Imperialism Dbq Essay
During the 19th century in 1880, King Leopold of Belgium began the process of European imperialism in Africa. Leopold had acquired 900,000
square miles of Africa, he called this Congo Free State. He began to take out ivory and rubber in order to make money. All while Leopold was
exporting those goods, other European leaders held a conference to divide up Africa in a practicable and tranquil manner. What was the main driving
force behind the European imperialism in Africa? Imperialism had several driving forces behind it including national competition, technological
advances, and cultural superiority. However, the most important cause of imperialism was economics.
One of the driving forces behind European imperialism was national competition. There were seven different European countries within Africa with
colonies (Doc A). All these countries wanted to be equal to their neighbors or stay above them. None of them wanted to be surpassed by them in
wealth or distinction. England had the idea that they needed to take others colonies. Germany had the idea that in order to " prove and maintain its
newly won position" they needed to take others colonies (Doc B). The national competition helped drive imperialism because of the ... Show more
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Europeans had many technological advancements. Although the development of the steam engine was their most powerful force for imperialism. The
"steam engines powered ships and railroads" creating a more efficient way of trading resources (Doc C). All European industries benefited from the
African resources. The industries benefited the most from was "French West Africa" because they exported everything from oils to cotton (Doc D).
The industries were able to make "cosmetics, drugs, food products, and fabrics" from the exported resources (Doc D). Technological advancements
helped drive imperialism because Africa had an abundance of natural resources that Europe
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Explain What Motivated Europeans Imperialize Africa
In between 1500 and the 1800, Europeans nations have gathered resources from Africa and increase its wealth and national power. In order to have
control over Africa, Europeans overpowered Africa with its technology advancement and its greed for wealth and power. However, what motivated
Europeans to imperialize Africa? In order to imperialize Africa, the Industrial Revolution, resources, and Darwinism or nation competition was the
motivation to imperialize Africa. The Industrial Revolution helped Europeans travel all the way to Africa to conquer it with its inventions and
scientific discoveries. The Industrial Revolution helped Europeans have advancement in technology which led to an easier way to take over Africa.
In Africa, there was a disease called malaria that is caused by mosquitoes that usually live near the wet areas in Africa. In 1820, Europeans have found
a method of treating the disease, such as getting the quinine from a bark from a tree called cinchona. This helped Europeans conquer Africa more
easily from defending themselves from diseases with their scientific discoveries.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different countries in Africa have different resources that helped European nations increase their wealth. By the 1854, exports used to be low as
about 3 million of British pounds for exports but imports were a bit more higher. Despite having low exports, the exports have increased drastically
by the 1900. In order to get these wealth, all these resources from these countries helped increase this exports. Such as rubber, ivory, and palm from
the Congo Free State had a big impact. Resources had a huge impact in economy it became one of the reasons for Europeans to control parts of
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Investigatory Project in Biology
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHILI (CAPSICUM ANNUM) EXTRACT
An Investigatory Research
Presented to
Mrs.
Presented by
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
. Capsicum annuum is a domesticated species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America and northern South America. Chili has
been a part of the human diet in the Americas since at least 7500 BC. There is archaeological evidence at sites located in southwestern Ecuador that
chili peppers were domesticated more than 6000 years ago and is one of the first cultivated crops in the Central and South Americas that is ... Show
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annuum is especially productive in warm and dry climates. The single flowers are an off–white (sometimes purplish) color whilst the stem is densely
branched and up to 60 centimetres (24 in) tall. When ripe, the fruit may be green, yellow or red. In American English the plant is commonly known as a
chili pepper or bell pepper. Sweet peppers are very often used as a bulking agent in cheap ready made meals/take–away food as they are cheap, have a
strong flavour, and are colorful. The colorful aspect of peppers increases the visual appeal of the food, making it more appetizing. Capsaicin, a
chemical found in chili peppers, creates a burning sensation once ingested which can last for several hours after ingestion. In British English, the
sweet varieties are called red or green peppers, and the hot varieties chillies whereas in Australian and Indian English the name capsicum is commonly
used for bell peppers exclusively and chilli is often used to encompass the hotter varieties.
Uses of Capsicum Annuum The species is a source of popular sweet peppers and hot chilis with numerous varieties cultivated all around the world. Hot
peppers are used in medicine in Africa and other countries. It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic
affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied
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Most people do not know that there are a lot of medical...
Most people do not know that there are a lot of medical discoveries in the rain forest. Tropical rain forest help to balance the ecosystem and our
human existence. For centuries, rain forest have supported medicines due to its rich medical plant life. This also saves many people's lives.
Most people wonder what Tropical rain forest are. Tropical rain forest are mostly to be found as warm, wet climates. They contain many species.
Today rain forest cover very little as in six percent of Earth's Surface. Rain forest hold the most productive and complex ecosystem on the whole Earth.
All of the plants contribute to the Earth's oxygen. All of the plants and trees can cure many deadly diseases.
There is more rain forest than people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Periwinkle is the most active plant and covers most of the forest floor, also is a medicine to fight tumors and able to treat some Leukemia. Today over
one hundred pharmacies use the braches and plants for medicine. Twenty–five percent of cancer fighting medicines are found in rain forest.
There are also many trees used for medicine too. For example one of the trees such as the Annatto tree has an oil extract of the tree. The Annatto tree
contains carotenoids bixin, used for protection against UV rays. It also helps to lower blood pressure and is a powerful bug repellent. The Cocoa
tree is one of the few that is very high in medicinal value, that makes it one of the most important rain forest tree. This one and only tree produces
over one hundred fifty chemicals that can come from its leaves, seeds, fruit, and bark. It is made to heal or to treat anxiety, laziest, fever, coughs,
kidney stones, and large cuts and bruises. The Trumpet tree is a popular tree used extensively in traditional medicine in Central and South America.
Every part of the tree; leaves, fruits, flowers, bark, and roots are used to treat breathing illnesses and arthritis. The Cinchona tree is a large poisonous
vine that grow along the tree and is full of alkaloids. It is used for treating bruises, fever, swelling in you
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European Imperialism In Africa Essay
Imperialism in Africa occurred in the late 1800s due to Europeans wanting to expand to West and Central Africa. Even till this day one can see the
damaging effect on the economy. Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation is to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially.
During European Imperialism , European nations look to Africa as a source of raw materials and market for industrial products. Europeans were able to
take over majority of the African colonies because there were more advanced as a civilization and had technology to help navigate their way through
Africa. For example, the electric telegraph (for communicating over long distance), and quinine from cinchona tree bark ( a treatment for malaria).
Before ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This all changed in the late 1800s when Europeans started to explore the interior of Africa and found a numerous amount of useful raw materials.
Upon this discovery, European nations soon started to compete for African colonies and their handy raw materials. According to Document B, seven
European colonies divided and held African colonies by 1914. The goal of these European nation was to claim as much land as possible,feeding into
their national pride and growth as a colony.This means that European Colonies divided Africa into parts and claimed whatever lied within these
boundaries. Dividing African Colonies was an example of competition because overall European Colonies wanted to claim as much as possible so they
can benefit the most.Along with the division of lands and properties, came their natural resources and industrial use. In Document D, the chart shows
selected African colonies and their natural resources in that region, displaying their industrial/economic use (what they can make). Document D can be
used to support that competition is the main driving force behind the European Imperialism because European colonies would want to have an African
colonies that produced the most resources in order to make the most product. Once again, Imperialism was the conquering of
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Compare Deviveze's Understanding Of Yellow Fever
DevГ©ze's understanding of yellow fever had come entirely from the ideas of physicians in the West Indies. Like American doctors, West Indies
doctors theorized that the fever evolved from disturbances in the atmosphere which disrupted the balance of the humors. Much like the rotten coffee
theory, the doctors claimed that yellow fever developed from putrid exhalations that contaminated the air. DevГ©ze used this theory while trying to
understand the epidemic in Philadelphia. He proclaimed that when the air was filled with infected matter, the body would become susceptible to
disease. He writes that the degree of which the disease affected the body differed among patients. The deadliness of the disease was based on aspects
such as unhealthy
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Greed And Competition Are The Main Causes Of European...
Ever since the beginning of human existence, greed and competition have been racing through our bloodstream. I believe that these reasons are the
main causes of European imperialism, including industrial advances. These tie into imperialism in Africa because imperialism is pretty much "rule by
an emperor". The imperialism spread quickly all over Africa, but each place was ruled by different colonies. The three topics I will be discussing are
greed, competition, and industrial advances. These all relate to imperialism in their own specific ways.
The first thing I chose to believe that spread imperialism in Africa was greed. Greed is a main concept in the human brain. Greed is an intense and
selfish desire for something, especially wealth,
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South America Research Paper
The continent South America was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in the year 1498. This continent is situated west to Atlantic Ocean, east to
Pacific Ocean, south to North America and north to Antarctica. South America, countries of Central America, Mexico and Caribbean islands are
together known as Latin America. The Panama Canal links the Atlantic ocean and the Pacific ocean. South America task the longest mountain range,
the Andes in the world. Amazon is the largest river of the world It's in South America. The highest peak of the Andes is Mount Aconcagua and the
Cotopaxi with 87 known eruptions and is the highest volcanic peak in the world. Chimborazo is the tallest dead volcano which last known to erupt is
believed to have occurred
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Hahnemann Research Paper
Despite the scientific discoveries of our time, alternative medicine is still considered an option to many patients. While alternative medicine has taken
many different forms, homeopathy is considered to be one of the most established. Samuel Hahnemann, a 18th–19th century physician, was trained in
the practices of medicine of his time. Dissatisfied with the state of medicine in his time, Hahnemann left the field and instead chose to be a translator.
Eventually, Hahnemann's desire for a better form of medicine brought him to establish an alternative form of medicine– homeopathy.
Christian Frederick Samuel Hahnemann was born on April 10th, 1755 in Meissen, Saxony to Christian Gottfried Hahnemann, a painter of porcelain,
and Johanna Christiana. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
where Cullen wrote about the bark or cinchona, which Cullen suggested could be used as a cure for malaria. Hahnemann began to take cinchona
himself and noticed that he experienced slight symptoms of malira. Hahnemann concluded that if a patient has an illness, he or she can be cured by
taking a drug that would produce similar symptoms in a healthy person, also known as 'like cures like.' In 1796 Hahnemann published his theories as
Essay on a New Principle for Ascertaining the Curative Power of Drugs and again in 1810 in The Organon of the Healing Art (Morrel). Hahnemann
return to Leipsic in 1812 and began lecturing on homeopathy and gather disciples who spread his theories. The British Homeopathic Society was
founded in 1832, and the American institute of Homeopathy was developed near the end of the 19th century (Loudon 609). Hahnemann theorized that
the dosage of the drug should only illicit the slightest of symptoms. Therefore, Hahnemann recommended that the drugs should be incredibly dilute, and
shaken vigorously during the dilution. Homeopathic medicine also emphasized diseases are physical and spiritual, and that physicians should inquire
about all aspects of a patient's life in order to treat the patient. Mainstream allopathic medicine rejected homeopathic medicine. At the time, allopathic
medicine focused on the correlation between symptoms and the disease, also known as clinico–pathological correlation. This time period in medicine
is marked by debates between the "contagionits and the anti–contagionits" (Loudon 608). Well known orthodox physicians such as Oliver Wendell
Holmes and Sir John Forbes attacked the ideas of Hahnemann. Medical treatment at the time was crude and ineffective, while homeopathic treatments
were easy to understand and cleaner, leading to better results and attracting supporters from the upper class. Hahnemann continued to write and lecture
on homeopathy till his
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Fda Regulation Reform Case Study
FDA Regulation Reform
An Effective Solution for an Ineffective Product
In recent years, homeopathy has grown to an immense $6.4 billion dollar industry–but not without frequent lawsuits. The French company Boiron paid
out a twelve–million dollar settlement to consumers in California for selling a flu remedy with such a low concentration of active ingredient, it
would be physically impossible for any to be present in the product. The active ingredient was duck liver, which Boiron claimed contained a rare form
of bacteria. To make matters even more odd, the existence of this bacteria has been questioned and largely disproven. However, no regulatory action
has been taken to counter this issue. All lawsuits are the result of consumer advocacy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta
–analysis of clinical trials. HMRAG. Homeopathic Medicines Research Advisory Group. Eur J
Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;56(1):27–33. PubMed PMID: 10853874.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), В§ II–201 [21 U.S.C. 321]. Print.
HANP Testimony to Homeopathic Product Regulation: Evaluating FDA's Regulatory Framework After a Quarter–Century Hearing, April 20–21, 2015,
Docket No. FDA–2015–N–0540 Cong. (2015) (testimony of Lisa Amerine, ND, DHANP). Print.
Loudon, Irvine. "A Brief History of Homeopathy." Journal of the Royal Society ofMedicine. The Royal Society of Medicine, n.d. Web. 20 June 2015.
Testimony by the Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians, HANP Testimony to Homeopathic Product Regulation: Evaluating FDA's
Regulatory Framework After a Quarter–Century Hearing, April 20–21, 2015 Docket No. FDA–2015–N–0540 Cong. (2015) (testimony of Lisa
Amerine, ND, DHANP). Print.
United States. FDA. 21 U.S. Code В§ 321 (g). N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2015.
United States FDA. Hyland's Teething Tablets May Pose a Risk to Children. United StatesFood and Drug Administration. N.p., 23 Oct. 2010. Web. 20
June 2015.
U.S. Code Title 21, В§ 9–321(g).
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Samuel Hahnemann Research Paper
German chemist and physician Samuel Hahnemann takes the credit for founding another to traditional medicinal practises. Greater than 200 years ago,
Dr. Hahnemann developed a medical system identified today as homeopathy. In 1779, Dr. Hahnemann finished his medicine course and started some
practice. He started performing his homeopathic experiments 11 years later, having a humane medical approach in mind. Hahnemann's disenchantment
with some of the inhumane issues with traditional medicine, for example using toxic substances, blood transfusion, and purging, pushed him to develop
an alternate strategy to treat various illnesses. As outlined by Dr. Hahnemann, a creative way to cure diseases is to perform it quickly and mildly with
permanent and safe results.
Dr. Hahnemann almost ended his medical practice in favor of practicing chemistry and medical translation. He started his efforts in giving better
healthcare from the homeopathic principle of similars (or "like cures like") when he worked on a translation project involving Materia Medica by
William Cullen. Because he was focusing on the project, a tree bark called cinchona (which originated from South America) that was used as a remedy
for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The varsity earned an excellent reputation as it succeeded in curing an array of diseases that were prevalent during those times like yellow fever,
typhoid fever, scarlet fever, and cholera. It absolutely was not until almost a century later the way of treatment advocated by homeopathic medical
schools gained much popularity. In the 20th century, homeopathic medicine had become popular. There was already 100 homeopathic hospitals, 22
homeopathic schools, well as over 1,000 homeopathic drug stores during that time. A few of the premiere educational institutions such as New York
Medical College, Boston University, and Stanford University also started to teach homeopathic
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How Did The Renaissance Contributed To The Rise Of The...
In the 16th century Europe flourished with new innovations and ideas. These created a large impact whether it be reward or consequence on the power
of the church, knowledge of the people, and France in general. This was mostly in part due to the discovery of the new world, a renaissance that was
widely promoted by the French kings, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg, and the rise of the Protestant Reformation, promoted
by Martin Luther and Jean Calvin. In 1492, Christopher Columbus' discovery of the western hemisphere led to the introduction to food and medicine in
Europe. It is said that the European diet was said to be boring, and not nutritious. The Europeans were introduced to corn, squash, and peppers. The
reward to this was that they could now produce much more food compared to the smaller numbers of wheat that was produced. Food prices also
dropped due to the surplus, and there was a gain in health due to new vitamins being implemented into their diet, and disease resistance increased in
Europe as well. Unfortunately, many of the natives died due to the Europeans bringing in new diseases, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning, the clerics mainly had control of what books were to be published, which were mainly theological and handcopied by monks. With
the invention of the printing press, more secular and humanistic works were produced. This was a time where the middle class dared to study more
secular works including human anatomy, astronomy, and humanism. The Protestant Reformists also used the printing press to their advantage as well,
soon Martin Luther's 95 theses were shared around Europe, followed by Calvin's doctrines as well. With that, the French unity under one religion broke
apart, leading to a problem with the French
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Homeopathy In The United States
According to WHO (world health organization) "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well–being, not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity". Parents are always concerned their child's complete health (physical, mental, social and emotional). As a homeopathic physician the
question that most people often asked me "why homeopathy is the best treatment option for kids?"
Homeopathy is an alternative branch of medical science that works on the basic principle of "similia similibus curenter", means "like cures like"–in
another word, a substance taken in small amounts will cure the same symptoms it causes if it has taken in large amounts.
Dr. Samuel Hahnemann a German physician was the founder of homeopathy. He disagreed with... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although homeopathic remedies should not replace conventional treatment for serious health concerns, but they can be used as an alternative option.
For example in the case of asthma in kids, it is necessary to use conventional inhalers and other indicated medicines. But we can add indicated
homeopathic medicine along with them. When indicated medicine will start work on individual symptoms (it may take a time and patience is
required) then the dose of conventional medicines can be tapered gradually. After a period of time patient can control his disease with homeopathic
remedy
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Factors That Motivated European Imperialism In Africa
What aspects do you think motivated Europe imperialism in Africa? Between 1500–1800, Europe traded along the west coast of Africa, but they were
not able to reach the interior due to all the diseases they could catch. In the 1800s, European explorers had a cure for diseases and were prepared to
push their way into the interior of the continent. By the 1880s, European nations competed with one another for control over Africa. With this being
said, what do you think motivated Europe to imperialize in Africa? Many things contributed to the driving force behind European imperialism, such as
politics, economics, and cultural attitudes. Politics played a major part in motivating Europe to imperialize in Africa. Document A shows how Africa
was divided and which two states remained independent. Fourteen European nations met at the Berlin Conference to decide how Africa would be
divided. In Document B, nationalism in Europe increased as the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution ideas spread throughout Europe.
Colonists thought to advance the power of England, they needed to claim more territory as fast as possible. " That their first aim is to be to
advance the power of England by land and by sea."~ Doc B. The Germans had strengths, such as trade and sea power, but wanted to learn about
colonial skills from the British and start a friendly competition after them. "It would be wise if we Germans would learn about colonial skills from the
British and begin to strive after
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Chapter 5: Nitro Compounds
Chapter 5: Nitro Compounds Although the structures of touchy atoms change significantly, often, they contain a nitro gathering. This blend of one
Nitrogen, and two oxygens (NO2), connected at the correct position has significantly expanded the world's capacity to take up arms. The ruinous
forces of a blast originate from a stun wave caused by the extremely quick increment the volume of the nitro compound as it changes from strong or
fluid into gas. This stun wave happens because gases have a greater volume than comparative measures of solids or fluids. Chapter 6: Silk and
Nylon The properties of silk that made it so mainstream, its smoothness, its brilliance, and it appropriateness for an assortment of atmospheres are
because of its Chemical Composition. It is a direct result of Silk's synthetic structure that it was so broadly pined for and exchanged. Silk was first
found by the Chinese in c.2600 BCE. Princess Hsi–ling–shih first learned of this important string when a creepy crawly case fell into her tea and she
understood that the silk could be loosened up and was reasonable for material utilize. The cover that fell into the Chinese Princess' tea was a
silkworm's) case. As far back as at that point, silk has been acquired from the silkworm. Chapter 7: Phenol In the 1820s, healing facilities were messy.
Numerous patients passed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other attempts at refrigeration included molecules such as Ammonia, ether, methyl chloride, sulfur dioxide were good refrigerants, but they either
decomposed, were fire hazards, poisonous, or extremely bad smelling. Chlorofluorocarbons CFC met all the requirements for a good refrigerant,
extremely stable, and had none of the unfortunate downsides of the other refrigerants. CFCs started the air conditioning industry because of its cooling
properties, and because it reacted with almost nothing, it was ideal propellants for virtually everything that could be applied through a spray
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Summary Of Andreas Vesalius The Fabric Of The Human Body
In the publication of the book "The Fabric Of The Human Body" an Italian surgeon, Andreas Vesalius, included many drawings of the human body,
most of which went against Galen's theory of opposites. In 1661 a lecturer in theoretical medicine at the university of Bologna, Marcello Malpighi,
had used the setting sun and a lense to look into a dried frog's lung, and was the first recorded scientist to have used a microscope to observe
capillaries through flesh. William Harvey published a book, all 52 pages written entirely in Latin, arguing that blood does not flow through the body in
random places and at random times, but instead is systematically pumped to specific places in the body in a continuous cycle. On the 14th of
November 1665 an experiment
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
African Imperialism DBQ
European powers shamelessly exploited the people and resources of Africa in the 19th century. They often tried to justify their actions by using
ideology, religion and moralism. After the end of the African slave trade, the development of steam power, and medical discovery, European nations
started exploring not only the coast but also the unmapped interior of the continent. In this essay, I will explain the main driving forces behind African
Imperialism. The Western europeans countries all competed for land and resources because of their self interest. They sought natural resources, and
technology gave them the ability to exploit them. The philosophy of national pride however, was the primary reason. (Main document) (Doc C, D & B)
The technical advances in the early and middle part of the 19th century enabled Western European powers to exploit imperial objectives in Africa.
Among these advances were the steam engine, extraction of quinine, invention of the telegraph, steal processing and improved weaponry. The steam
engine was important in increasing the speed and reliability of transportation. Extracting quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree helped treat
malaria; a mosquito borne disease that killed thousands; it was now possible to survive in the interior of Africa. The telegraph was invented in 1837
and allowed fast communication over long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These countries wanted their most worthy citizens to be part of their imperial desires, which lead to a philosophy of their ideals, religion and morals
being developed. They meant that they could justify the colonies and labor based on the superiority of their culture, and the need to spread it to other
cultures. When doing this, local cultures often destroyed, and people lost a sense of their identity. (Doc
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Yellow Fever Compare And Contrast
Ava Schwartz Yellow fever compare and contrast In 1793 Philadelphia suffered from a deadly disease that spread all through the town; it was
called yellow fever. The Philadelphia Doctors and the French doctors were attempting to treat yellow fever. The doctors had many ways to try to fix
this, but they did not have the technology we do today. Yellow fever occurred 1793. The outbreak happened in Philadelphia. This sad event that
killed many people was all because of infected mosquitoes. They came over with the ill refuges. About 2,000 to 5,000 people died. All in all, this was
one of the one of the worst things to occur in history There is so much that the French and the Philadelphia doctors had
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Medicine In The Elizabethan Era
Herbal Remedies and Poisons in Elizabethan Times
In this day and age, there are millions of pharmaceuticals out there for all kinds of diseases and conditions, but where did all of this start? The
creation of medicines most likely started when people discovered the healing properties plants contained. Today, civilization has the knowledge and
technology to extract elements from plants to produce more chemically engineered medicines. The real question is how did medicines develop from
mashing up leaves in order to lessen an infuriating rash to just popping a pill to nurse or illness? Medicines evolved by the scientific method: series of
research and experiments. During the Elizabethan era, research and experimentation attained a renewed interest. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Medicines were mostly produced to cure diseases. Back in the 1600s scurvy and malaria were huge problems that needed to be dealt with. As
mentioned in previous paragraph malaria was treated by the bark of the Cinchona tree and is still used today. "The bark of the Cinchona tree
(called quina quina by the indigenous Peruvians), found in the rain forests along the Amazon River in the Andes of South America, contained an
ingredient called quinine, which is still used in the treatment of malaria, a disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and one of the
oldest plagues of mankind" (Cassell, Dank K., and Cynthia A. Sanoski). This shows that achievements made back then are still important to this
date. Scurvy was a disease caused by vitamin deficiency, but that was not known back then. Jacques Cartier is a French explorer whose crew got
infected with scurvy. Jacques and his crew came in contact with an Iroquois tribe in the New World, who knew how to cure scurvy. The women of
the tribe would use juniper needles and bark to make a tea and use the leftover tea to wash the affected person's leg. Juniper needles and bark contain
a lot of vitamins the human body needs, so when the affected person drank the juniper tea they got all the vitamins they lost back in turn curing
scurvy. Poisons also had reasons why they were needed. Hemlock and aconite are deadly poisons
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
West African Colonies In The 1800s
During this time a lot of new creations and useful ideas were introduced. In 1837 many new technological devices were invented. The most important
ones were: The steam engine, it was a big help with transportation because it was a forceful source of power, it was a faster form of transportation.
Secondly, the method of getting quinine from cinchona tree bark, this was a treatment for the disease of Malaria. Lastly, the repeating rifle, a faster
loading gun that was able to fire multiple shots which gave Europeans an advantage in the African war.
African colonies were beginning to export new items that benefitted them. The top two benefitting colonies were: French WestAfrica, they exported
gum, different types of oils, cotton, peanuts, bananas,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Social Darwinism In Africa
Before 1750 no European had dared to go down into Africa, consequently for the fear of catching some sort of disease. But why did the Western
Europeans begin to imperialize in the 1800s when they had already taken over the India and much of the eastern continent. Imperialism in Africa really
started with the idea of Social Darwinism, the need for raw materials and the fact that they had become technologically advanced. Social Darwinism is
the thought that a certain race has evolved faster and better than the other, moreover, the lecture of Oxford University by John Ruskin proves that
Darwinism is key to imperialism, he states, "England must either do or perish; she must found colonies as fast and as fat as she is able, formed of her
most energetic
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Peru Flags
There are two countries that located in different continents but their national flags are similar and difference at the same time. Many Thai people
have heard of Peru which is located in western of South Africa, but there are less people that have heard about Latvia which is located in Baltic
region of Northern Europe. There is a connection point between Peru and Latvia that is their specific cultures. Peru is famous about their culture that
based on traditional culture of Spain. Primitive Art of Peruvians are ancient pottery, fabric, jewelry and etching that came from culture before Incan.
Moreover, Incan was still keep pattern of these works and they had created their masterpiece called Machu Picchu which has become one of New
Seven Wonders of World. Latvia is a country where many traditional cultures and languages meet together. There was influenced by Russia, Poland,
German and others Baltic region. However, the capital city called Riga is declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. If you have a chance to go
there, you will feel like you are using time–machine to go ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peruvian national flag is a vertical triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. It represents colors of the Inca Empire. But for
Peruvian state flag, they also put the Peruvian coat of arms in the middle of white to show three different things which are animal of Peru called
vincuna, the cinchona trees which is a powerful anti–malaria drug and the last one shows a cornucopia full of coins to represent the mineral wealth of
the country. While Latvia is a horizontal triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. It's one of the oldest flag of the world because
it used as a warrior's flag in Middle Ages. Latvians can't use this flag for 50 years when Soviet domination and it can use after Latvia became an
independent state so red color shows blood shed during struggle for independence and white color represent justice, truth and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Peru Research Paper
The country I am doing is Peru. Peru happens to be my home country. I was Born there and lived there for about four years. On the map of the
world, Peru is located in the west of South America, and has borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. In 1532, a man by the name
of Francisco Pizarro, found and conquered Peru, but he was not the first man to be on Peru. According to, www.biography.com, "Incas have been
living on peru since the beginning of time." The flag of Peru, is one of the most important symbols of Peru. It has a red, white, red, pattern with an
shield in the middle of it. In this writing, I am going to write about the three symbols that are inside of the shield, and explain how they are not just
pictures.
In the middle of the Peruvian flag there is a shield with the three elements of Peru. In the top left of the shield, there is a vicuna. The vicuna is one of
the important symbols of Peru. In Peru, they use the Vicuna for wool. Their fur is very fluffy and soft, so it makes for a great jacket in winter. The
Vicuna is the national animal of Peru. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The symbol is a quinine tree. Quinine is an alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine has been used to treat malaria,a recurring disease
marked by severe chills and fever since the early 1600s. It was the best chemotherapeutic agent available to combat the disease until the 1920s. Malaria
treatment by quinine marked the first successful use of a chemical compound to treat an infectious disease. The quinine tree, is the national tree of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Research Paper On Spleen
Spleen
Interesting facts:
In a foetus, the spleen produces RBCs
Before a baby is born, the task of producing red blood cells rests with the spleen. As birth approaches, the spleen gradually stops doing this and allows
the bone marrow to take over.
About 10% of humans have a second spleen
About 10% of the human population has a much smaller second spleen also known as an accessory spleen. It is a small portion of splenic tissue that
exists separately.
Humans can survive without a spleen
Humans can live without spleen but since the spleen plays an important role in fighting microorganisms, it increases the person's chance of contracting
more infections.
Functions:
Fight infection
One of the main jobs of the spleen is to fight microorganisms and halt the spread of infections in the body. Whenever the spleen detects any dangerous
microorganisms in the blood, it produces lymphocytes or white blood cells, which fight against the invaders. The lymphocytes produce antibodies that
kill the foreign microorganisms and stop the infections from spreading.
Eliminate old red blood cells
Another important job of the spleen is to eliminate old red blood cells. Red blood cells that are produced in the long ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A part of the lymphatic system, the spleen performs several important functions in the body such as protecting us from the attacks of foreign invaders,
stress and certain deficiencies. The single most important role that the spleen performs is to produce lymphocytes and phagocytes that fight against
various microorganisms. In addition to it, the spleen performs other functions such as maintaining fluid levels, keeping the blood clean, maintaining
blood platelets and drawing away waste from joint and muscle tissue. The spleen also controls the level of red blood cells circulating in the blood and
eliminates dead and worn–out red blood cells that have lived their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Cinchona Bark
Pharmacogonsy is the combination of the analysis and application of medicinal drugs which have been acquired from natural sources such as plants
and animals. Discovery of the Cinchona bark was said to have been made by Spanish monks while they were in Peru. The use of the bark was made
known to them by observing the indigenous Indians and by self–discovery. The bark was later made known to the Europeans by Jesuits. It was
administered as a hot bitter drink for its medicinal purposes. Cinchona Succiruba was said to have acquired its appellation from the countess of a
Spanish town called Cinchon who was cured of malaria by the use of the cinchona succiruba bark from the 17th century. There are other species of
Cinchona but C. Succiruba has the most alkaloid content in comparison to the others as its bark contains 6 –16 % alkaloid content of which consists of
quinidine and quinine which are the two main pharmacologically active... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Cinchona succiruba also contains a total of approximately 4–14 % of quinine. Quinine was officially initially extracted and isolated Pelletier and
Caventou who were French pharmacists. The isolation of quinine is accomplished when the cinchona bark is desiccated, pulverized and permeated
followed by Soxhlet extraction. Quinine is a methanol quinolone and it is used against blood schizonts against all species of plasmodium except
exo–erythrocytes or gametocytes of the P.falciparum species. The action of quinine is brought about by the inhibition of haem polymerase which is an
enzyme needed by the parasites to convert the toxic alpha hematin into the tolerable form, beta hematin; however due to the inhibition of this enzyme
by quinine the toxic form will build up and eventually lead to the death of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Malaria Is A Parasite That Has Been Impacting The World...
Malaria is a parasite that has been impacting the world for the past couple of centuries. The illness associated with malaria gives intense fevers,
chills, terrible headaches, muscle pains and can be deadly if not treated properly. Although overall malaria cases have decreased from 262 million in
2000 to 214 million in 2015, it is still an issue to be concerned about today.1 There have been developments of a vaccine against this parasite, but the
parasite has adapted to the vaccine and developed a resistance to it, thus rendering it ineffective. The p. falciparum and p. vivax strains of malaria is
what is causing problems as these resistant strains have popped up in much of Asia and Africa and a couple of countries in South America.1 This can
potentially be a problem for the military and more specifically the Air Force as multiple countries where the Air Force deploys are infected with these
resistant strains of malaria. It can be seen through the background and history of the fight against this parasite that the chemistry behind an antimalarial
vaccine is important to the Air Force.
The illness associated with the malaria parasite was first thought to be a result of poisonous mists drifting from marshes hence its name meaning "bad
air" in Italian. Of course it was unbeknownst back then that it was actually caused by the female anopheles mosquito which tends to live near still
water such as marshes.2 Although it was unknown what actually caused the symptoms of malaria,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Samuel Hahnemann Research Paper
Samuel Hahnemann
Samuel Hahnemann is more than the name behind one of the best hospitals in America; he is the man behind why many children wince and cry and
absolutely abhor visits to the doctor's office but more importantly, the reason why they will grow into strong and healthy bodies that are immune to
fatal conditions. He stands as the founder of homeopathy – a well received treatment associated with naturalism and holistic techniques (JAMA 2006).
By challenging procedures of well–respected physicians of the time, Hahnemann created a fundamental medical system that is prominent in modern
medicine, especially through vaccinations as they include very dilute quantity of virus material into the person's blood.
It all started with Hahnemann ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. "History of Homeopathy and Biography of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann." Retrieved May 6, 2018, www.schwabehealth.com
/wcm/mb/schwabe/en–in/about_schwabe_dhu/samuel_hahnemann/index.html.
EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, Inc. 2018. "Samuel Hahnemann." Retrieved May 6, 2018,www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel–Hahnemann.
Georg Thiem Verlag KG, 2016. "Hahnemann's Achievements and Modern Medicine." Retrieved May 6, 2018,
www–thieme–connect–de.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s–0036–1572514?update=true.
JAMA. 2006;295(13):1587–1592. Mohr JC. "Homeopathy." Retrieved May 6,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Welburn
Starting from the attractive village of Welburn this walk undertakes a circuit of the Castle Howard Estate. The scenery is stunning with beautiful
parkland, ancient woodland and inspiring monuments to savour. Until 1986 Welburn was a chapelry within the parish of Bulmer when it became a
parish in its own right, as part of a new benefice of Dalby, Terrington and Welburn. Welburn is a linear village. It was part of a joint parish with Bulmer
until the 19th Century when it gained its own church and cemetery. Consecrated in 1865, the spire and tower–topped Church of St. John the Evangelist
was mostly funded by the late Earl of Carlisle. The pews are made of oak and several of the stained glass windows are memorials to the Howard
family. Dial... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He travelled extensively in South America, sending specimens of more than 7,000 plants back to England, many of which were new to science. He
gathered seeds of the quinine–producing cinchona tree from the slopes of the Andes – these were used by the Empire in India as a source of this
anti–malarial drug. Born in Ganthorpe, his family moved to Welburn in 1841. When not abroad he spent much of his adult life in Welburn,
occasionally deputising for his father as the teacher at Welburn School. The main building of Welburn School was built in 1841 and it opened as a
boys school in that year. Today both boys and girls travel from Welburn and the outlying villages and farmsteads to attend the school. With the
support of the Howardian Hills AONB SDF, the children and teachers have worked hard to create an organic kitchen garden and a wildlife area. As
well as providing an educational resource these features have added greatly to the biodiversity value of the grounds. It has one school, Welburn
Community School, in the centre of the village. It also has a dog–friendly pub/restaurant, the Crown and Cushion, which provides a centre for the
village and Leaf and Loaf, village bakery and cafe. Welburn is one of the few villages in the area that still has a red telephone box (located near the
centre of the village); they are becoming an increasing rarity in North
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Domagk
During World War II there were many different medicines/drugs to help revitalize wounded soldiers. During the war time many medicines were still
being discovered to help fight infections, pain, blood loss and more. There are four different medicines/drugs that were the top most important ones;
Prontosil, Atabrine, Plasma, and Morphine.
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk was a German biochemist. His research with antibacterial chemicals resulted in the discovery of many new drugs that
provided the first most effective treatments for pneumonia, meningitis, and other bacterial diseases. This research of Domagk's involved analyzing
thousands of chemicals for their antibacterial properties. In 1932 he tested Prontosil which is a red dye. It had no antibacterial properties, but when
German Biochemist, Domagk, slightly changed the chemical makeup, it showed a tremendous ability to fight the infections in mice. The infections
were caused by streptococcal bacteria, also known as, strep. He then tested the drug on his daughter, she was near death from a strep infection and
wasn't responding to any of the other treatments. She surprisingly made a complete recovery. After he published his findings in the year of 1935,
doctors found that Prontosil could control many other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plasma is 90% water. It is about 55 percent of blood volume. Plasma contains albumin, which is the chief protein, fibrinogen, is responsible for the
clotting of blood, and last but not least globulins, which include the antibodies. Plasma produces a wide range of functions, from maintaining the right
amount of blood pressure and of volume to supplying proteins for immunity and of course blood clotting. Plasma also serves as the exchange for very
important minerals such as potassium and sodium. These minerals help maintain the proper balance a body needs to insure proper cell function.
Plasma is attained by the liquid portion of blood being separated from the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Homeopathy In The Gilded Age Essay
Everybody hates going to the doctors. I can agree with this statement I also agree that most people do indeed hate going to the doctors. But without
them there would be outbreaks and illness all over the place causing many fatalities. I am focused on the Gilded age, one man I am particularly
interested and focused on is Samuel Hahnemann. Samuel was the creator of homeopathy. He believed that if you gave a healthy person small doses
of an illness their body would fight it off and build an immunization and adapt to the real illness. This is where his theory "Like cures like" comes
from. Homeopathy was birthed of the idea "Like cure like" and went on to have effects on all sorts of medicines and cures throughout the Gilded age. A
treatment of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It all started when Hahnemann first exposed the belief to himself with Peruvian bark. This caused symptoms of Malaria and it caused his body to
adapt to the chills, fever and other symptoms that malaria would cause. He got excited for a while he only tested on himself but then moved on to
do trials on his family. Also along the way he started to gain fans, a group of followers that were willing to let him test with them. The second
treatment he wanted to find a cure for was small pox. He had no clue of how to do so, but he gave one thing a try. He injected small portions of cow
pox to his wife. She began to get symptoms yes they were less severe but this gave him a chance to create a section of homeopathy for small pox, a
huge breakthrough for medicine in this time. The bigger name medical schools and physicians did not support Hahnemann. They believe that his
methods were not reliable and did not like that he could only put out one cure at a time and when he gave out the medicine he only did so in small
portions to where they could not get the customers to pay high amounts limiting their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Diseases During The 1800S

  • 1. Diseases During The 1800s During the 1800s, there was several diseases affecting people left and right. "Diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox, measles, chickenpox, cholera, whooping cough and influenza, among others" ("1800s: My Place, Diseases") were some of the known diseases that would cripple or cause death to multiple people. Often Plantation owners and their slaves would have the same diseases, but plantation owners had a higher chance at surviving than slaves did. Doctors would prescribe the same treatment to anyone with a disease, usually natural herbs or bleeding out. Doctors from England that lived in America could no longer visit England for medical advice after the Revolutionary War, so several doctors started to improvise with many different remedies ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Colonial Apothecaries Essay Colonial Research Project Sarah Kong February 26, 2018 Apothecary; noun a person who prepared and sold medicine and drugs. Have you ever wondered what came before doctors? That kind of occupation was for apothecaries. I chose this particular job for my research project because apothecaries use a lot of interesting objects, and were way different than present–day doctors and pharmacists. In Europe, folks who were selling wine, spices, and herbs were known as apothecaries. They prepared and sold medicine directly to patients. Apothecaries also gave out medical advice and sold out many different products. Colonial apothecaries practiced as doctors, made house calls to treat patients, provided medical treatment, prescribed medicine, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They are very similar. Both used chalk for heartburn, calamine for skin irritations, and cinchona bark for fevers. Later, apothecaries found out that cinchona bark contained quinine for malaria, and quinidine for cardiac problems. But medical treatment was very expensive, so that led to the colonists to self–diagnose and treat their own problems. Medical treatment was expensive and people frequently diagnose themselves, and the way they treated themselves was (1. The remedy was passed down from tradition, (2. They were guided by folklore, or (3. by books. To cure headaches, for example, the colonists often used a remedy that contained roses and vinegar. The rose petals are steeped into vinegar, and then they were applied topically. In some trades, the apothecaries' skill and knowledge were secret, and little about them were published in books. For apothecaries and surgeons, there were textbooks, and many of them survived. The National Library of Medicine, the nation's largest medical library, published a bibliography of the eighteenth–century books in its collection. Most of the 501 pages are titles of things such as medical theory, midwifery,pharmacy, surgery, and diseases. Apothecaries were crucial to
  • 3. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Plasmodium Falciparum Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite. It is unique of the class of Plasmodium that is the foundation and cause malaria in individuals. There are other Plasmodium species that can cause malaria in humans. Nevertheless P. falciparum is the most common, virulent, and deadly. P. falciparum communicable by the female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum life cycle is comprised of two hosts. A P. falciparum carrier female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites into the human, infecting their liver cells. Once there infection and damage to red blood cells is critical to the parasites survival. Because red blood cells transport oxygen all over the body, their destruction by P. falciparum causes basic functional devastation to the host.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... falciparum, whereas in most other countries with malaria transmission, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate. Almost every malarial death is caused by P. falciparum.[ Malaria is caused by an infection with protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. The name malaria, from the Italian mala aria, meaning "bad air", comes from the linkage suggested by Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1717) of malaria with the poisonous vapours of swamps. This species name comes from the Latin falx, meaning "sickle", and parere meaning "to give birth". The organism itself was first seen by Laveran on November 6, 1880 at a military hospital in Constantine, Algeria, when he discovered a microgametocyte exflagellating. Patrick Manson (1894) hypothesised that mosquitoes could transmit malaria. This hypothesis was experimentally confirmed independently by Giovanni Battista Grassi and Ronald Ross in 1898. Grassi (1900) proposed an exerythrocytic stage in the life cycle, later confirmed by Short, Garnham, Covell and Shute (1948), who found Plasmodium vivax in the human liver. Epidemiology of the major disease/organism. Around the world, malaria is the most significant parasitic disease of humans, and claims the lives of more children worldwide than any other infectious disease. Since 1900, the area of the world exposed to malaria has been halved, yet two billion more ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. 1870-1890 Research Paper There were some major industrial/agricultural innovations of the period 1870–1890. Electricity was one of these as it supplied energy to light rooms, buildings, and elevators in buildings and other places such as those of the Eiffel Tower. Electric elevators at the Eiffel Tower allowed the transport of more to/from its summit. Telephones and typewriters changed the way people and businesses communicated, conducted business, traded, and transmitted/ swapped information with one another. The transportation industry exploded with the inventions of automobiles and locomotives that pulled trains which carried millions of people to and from their destinations. As these modes of transportation increased, so did the mining and production of coal, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Acupuncture Research Paper To tell the truth during inserting the needles, we see some risks or we get some abnormally stat like the swoon, the patient afraid, thinking by inserting the needles if smooth or thin, stress or effective point with inserting needles. Break the needles in the body. Bleeding in that point during inserting the needles in the veins that is normal, eating more before or after the punctuation, making acupuncture for pregnant women, old age he can refuse the process and excessive pain in that place by touching the needles with bones that make a strong pain and the patient may be cry. Also, the theory of five element (water, wood, fire, metals and (earth)soil) that produce nature, by chines those elements are circulated movement and retiring to start point... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Acupuncture has in beginning about three hundred sixty point, those points are divided on meridians, in author side acupuncture has two secondary meridians, more of those meridians through one of organism that has the same name like meridian of kidney, meridian of liver, meridian of heart, meridian of stomach, meridian of large intestine, meridian of small intestine, meridian of lung, meridian of gallbladder, meridian of spleen, meridian of bladder, meridian of triple burner, meridian of pericardium, meridian of run, meridian of due. All these meridians has the same points in both ears. Six main of these meridians are connected to the organ (Yin) and six meridians are connected to viscous (Yang). Each yin meridian is connected with a yang meridian. And each meridian has relationship with an element, large intestine and lung meridian with metal, stomach and spleen meridian with earth, heart and small intestine meridian with fire, bladder and kidney meridian with water, gallbladder and liver meridian with wood, pericardium and triple burner with ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. The Major Driving Forces For European Imperialism In Africa Africa was filled with a phenomenal and immense amount of natural resources. Many European countries were in a race to get these resources and to gain land. The only problem was that a race for this beautiful land and these natural resources deemed as economy boosters could cause an all out war between the European nations. European countries never were concerned for land in Africa nor their resources. That was until the late 1880s when King Leopold II of Belgium started sort of a trend by acquiring a private "country" of 900,000 square miles in Africa. This "country" was dubbed the Congo Free State and it was 95 times the size of Belgium. Leopold was making a gargantuan amount of money by taking out ivory and rubber. Many European countries started to notice what Leopold was doing and wanted to join in on finding these natural resources and gaining land. Otto Von Bismarck of Germany proposed a conference for European countries to divide up Africa so that there wouldn't be any wars over land or resources. Technological advancements, cultural causes, and national pride are all important Driving Forces to European imperialism, but the main reason was economical. There were seven different European nations that had colonies in Europe according to Document B, page 269, produced by The DBQ Project in 2013. The seven different European nations which were Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, and Spain according to Document A, page 263, produced by The DBQ Project ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Cinchona Bark Controversy You bring up some really good points that I had not considered. I must say that I agree with you standpoint on synthesizing of the drug being an advancement and not being an act of biopiracy. I think I was more look at it in its indirect nature how it was affecting the South American countries that were robbed from the economic benefits of the use of the natural bark for the production of quinine. I think that in part we are guilty by association since we were part of group that imposed the negative impact upon the indigenous rights of this plant's native host country. I think that in too many instances people turn a blind eye to wrong doings just because it is benefiting them. Instead of standing up for another's rights, especially those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Its primary use was for its antimalarial benefits, which throughout the 1600s to 1800s was the primary treatment for malaria. It is also used to kill parasites, reduce fever, regulate the heartbeat, stimulate digestions, antibacterials, antifungals, reduce muscle spasms, relieve pain, and calm nerves. In 1820, the scientists Pelletier and Caventou were able to isolate the quinine alkaloid from the bark of the tree to be sold as the antimalarial drug. Not until 1944, during World War II, was the alkaloid synthesized by scientists for its medicinal reproduction. This was due to the fact that at the time the top producer of quinine, the dutch owned Indonesian island of Java, was occupied by the Japanese in 1942. This cut off allied forces from the drug supply, forcing them to find alternatives to mass produce the antimalarial drugs. Quinine alkaloid was used briefly to treat heart problems and cardiac arrhythmia and became a standard for cardiac therapy. This lead to the discovery of a second alkaloid called quinidine that is found in the tree bark. This is primarily used in prescriptions to treat arrhythmia. However, this alkaloid has not yet been able to be synthesized by scientists, requiring the natural bark of the tree for its ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Elizabethan Era Medicine Herbal Remedies and Poisons in Elizabethan Times In this day and age, there are millions of pharmaceuticals out there for all kinds of diseases and conditions, but where did all of this start? The creation of medicines most likely started when people discovered the healing properties plants contained. Today, mankind has the knowledge and technology to extract elements from plants to produce more chemically engineered medicines. The real question is how did medicines develop from mashing up leaves in order to lessen an infuriating rash to just popping a pill to nurse or illness? Medicines evolved by the scientific method: series of research and experiments. During the Elizabethan era, research and experimentation attained a renewed interest. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, in order to balance out the world there needs to good and bad. There were medicines created that saved lives, but there were also poisons that were used to kill people. Even though there were poisons, humanity thanks the scientists and pharmacists who created these medicines, which led the world to producing more effective medicines. Somewhere on this globe, there is a person who is only alive because of the medicines physicians created, and mankind appreciates it ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Brazilian Rainforest The rain forest in Brazil government should set stricter regulations. 20% of the critical forest is gone already . Not to mention 150 acres gone per hour is ridiculous. Where once at a time the rain forest covered 14% of the earth , it covers only 6% modern day . The Brazilian government really should protect this important ecosystem and there's many reasons why they should do so.One reason is that the animals are at a very high rate of extinction. This is a big problem because animals like jaguars help balance the population of other species and they are endangered. Also with animals becoming extinct it could lead to a huge increase of one species, while also causing a decline in other species. The extinction of an animal really ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. European Imperialism Dbq Essay During the 19th century in 1880, King Leopold of Belgium began the process of European imperialism in Africa. Leopold had acquired 900,000 square miles of Africa, he called this Congo Free State. He began to take out ivory and rubber in order to make money. All while Leopold was exporting those goods, other European leaders held a conference to divide up Africa in a practicable and tranquil manner. What was the main driving force behind the European imperialism in Africa? Imperialism had several driving forces behind it including national competition, technological advances, and cultural superiority. However, the most important cause of imperialism was economics. One of the driving forces behind European imperialism was national competition. There were seven different European countries within Africa with colonies (Doc A). All these countries wanted to be equal to their neighbors or stay above them. None of them wanted to be surpassed by them in wealth or distinction. England had the idea that they needed to take others colonies. Germany had the idea that in order to " prove and maintain its newly won position" they needed to take others colonies (Doc B). The national competition helped drive imperialism because of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Europeans had many technological advancements. Although the development of the steam engine was their most powerful force for imperialism. The "steam engines powered ships and railroads" creating a more efficient way of trading resources (Doc C). All European industries benefited from the African resources. The industries benefited the most from was "French West Africa" because they exported everything from oils to cotton (Doc D). The industries were able to make "cosmetics, drugs, food products, and fabrics" from the exported resources (Doc D). Technological advancements helped drive imperialism because Africa had an abundance of natural resources that Europe ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Explain What Motivated Europeans Imperialize Africa In between 1500 and the 1800, Europeans nations have gathered resources from Africa and increase its wealth and national power. In order to have control over Africa, Europeans overpowered Africa with its technology advancement and its greed for wealth and power. However, what motivated Europeans to imperialize Africa? In order to imperialize Africa, the Industrial Revolution, resources, and Darwinism or nation competition was the motivation to imperialize Africa. The Industrial Revolution helped Europeans travel all the way to Africa to conquer it with its inventions and scientific discoveries. The Industrial Revolution helped Europeans have advancement in technology which led to an easier way to take over Africa. In Africa, there was a disease called malaria that is caused by mosquitoes that usually live near the wet areas in Africa. In 1820, Europeans have found a method of treating the disease, such as getting the quinine from a bark from a tree called cinchona. This helped Europeans conquer Africa more easily from defending themselves from diseases with their scientific discoveries.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Different countries in Africa have different resources that helped European nations increase their wealth. By the 1854, exports used to be low as about 3 million of British pounds for exports but imports were a bit more higher. Despite having low exports, the exports have increased drastically by the 1900. In order to get these wealth, all these resources from these countries helped increase this exports. Such as rubber, ivory, and palm from the Congo Free State had a big impact. Resources had a huge impact in economy it became one of the reasons for Europeans to control parts of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Investigatory Project in Biology ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHILI (CAPSICUM ANNUM) EXTRACT An Investigatory Research Presented to Mrs. Presented by CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study . Capsicum annuum is a domesticated species of the plant genus Capsicum native to southern North America and northern South America. Chili has been a part of the human diet in the Americas since at least 7500 BC. There is archaeological evidence at sites located in southwestern Ecuador that chili peppers were domesticated more than 6000 years ago and is one of the first cultivated crops in the Central and South Americas that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... annuum is especially productive in warm and dry climates. The single flowers are an off–white (sometimes purplish) color whilst the stem is densely branched and up to 60 centimetres (24 in) tall. When ripe, the fruit may be green, yellow or red. In American English the plant is commonly known as a chili pepper or bell pepper. Sweet peppers are very often used as a bulking agent in cheap ready made meals/take–away food as they are cheap, have a strong flavour, and are colorful. The colorful aspect of peppers increases the visual appeal of the food, making it more appetizing. Capsaicin, a chemical found in chili peppers, creates a burning sensation once ingested which can last for several hours after ingestion. In British English, the sweet varieties are called red or green peppers, and the hot varieties chillies whereas in Australian and Indian English the name capsicum is commonly used for bell peppers exclusively and chilli is often used to encompass the hotter varieties.
  • 14. Uses of Capsicum Annuum The species is a source of popular sweet peppers and hot chilis with numerous varieties cultivated all around the world. Hot peppers are used in medicine in Africa and other countries. It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Most people do not know that there are a lot of medical... Most people do not know that there are a lot of medical discoveries in the rain forest. Tropical rain forest help to balance the ecosystem and our human existence. For centuries, rain forest have supported medicines due to its rich medical plant life. This also saves many people's lives. Most people wonder what Tropical rain forest are. Tropical rain forest are mostly to be found as warm, wet climates. They contain many species. Today rain forest cover very little as in six percent of Earth's Surface. Rain forest hold the most productive and complex ecosystem on the whole Earth. All of the plants contribute to the Earth's oxygen. All of the plants and trees can cure many deadly diseases. There is more rain forest than people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Periwinkle is the most active plant and covers most of the forest floor, also is a medicine to fight tumors and able to treat some Leukemia. Today over one hundred pharmacies use the braches and plants for medicine. Twenty–five percent of cancer fighting medicines are found in rain forest. There are also many trees used for medicine too. For example one of the trees such as the Annatto tree has an oil extract of the tree. The Annatto tree contains carotenoids bixin, used for protection against UV rays. It also helps to lower blood pressure and is a powerful bug repellent. The Cocoa tree is one of the few that is very high in medicinal value, that makes it one of the most important rain forest tree. This one and only tree produces over one hundred fifty chemicals that can come from its leaves, seeds, fruit, and bark. It is made to heal or to treat anxiety, laziest, fever, coughs, kidney stones, and large cuts and bruises. The Trumpet tree is a popular tree used extensively in traditional medicine in Central and South America. Every part of the tree; leaves, fruits, flowers, bark, and roots are used to treat breathing illnesses and arthritis. The Cinchona tree is a large poisonous vine that grow along the tree and is full of alkaloids. It is used for treating bruises, fever, swelling in you ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. European Imperialism In Africa Essay Imperialism in Africa occurred in the late 1800s due to Europeans wanting to expand to West and Central Africa. Even till this day one can see the damaging effect on the economy. Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation is to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially. During European Imperialism , European nations look to Africa as a source of raw materials and market for industrial products. Europeans were able to take over majority of the African colonies because there were more advanced as a civilization and had technology to help navigate their way through Africa. For example, the electric telegraph (for communicating over long distance), and quinine from cinchona tree bark ( a treatment for malaria). Before ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This all changed in the late 1800s when Europeans started to explore the interior of Africa and found a numerous amount of useful raw materials. Upon this discovery, European nations soon started to compete for African colonies and their handy raw materials. According to Document B, seven European colonies divided and held African colonies by 1914. The goal of these European nation was to claim as much land as possible,feeding into their national pride and growth as a colony.This means that European Colonies divided Africa into parts and claimed whatever lied within these boundaries. Dividing African Colonies was an example of competition because overall European Colonies wanted to claim as much as possible so they can benefit the most.Along with the division of lands and properties, came their natural resources and industrial use. In Document D, the chart shows selected African colonies and their natural resources in that region, displaying their industrial/economic use (what they can make). Document D can be used to support that competition is the main driving force behind the European Imperialism because European colonies would want to have an African colonies that produced the most resources in order to make the most product. Once again, Imperialism was the conquering of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Compare Deviveze's Understanding Of Yellow Fever DevГ©ze's understanding of yellow fever had come entirely from the ideas of physicians in the West Indies. Like American doctors, West Indies doctors theorized that the fever evolved from disturbances in the atmosphere which disrupted the balance of the humors. Much like the rotten coffee theory, the doctors claimed that yellow fever developed from putrid exhalations that contaminated the air. DevГ©ze used this theory while trying to understand the epidemic in Philadelphia. He proclaimed that when the air was filled with infected matter, the body would become susceptible to disease. He writes that the degree of which the disease affected the body differed among patients. The deadliness of the disease was based on aspects such as unhealthy ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. Greed And Competition Are The Main Causes Of European... Ever since the beginning of human existence, greed and competition have been racing through our bloodstream. I believe that these reasons are the main causes of European imperialism, including industrial advances. These tie into imperialism in Africa because imperialism is pretty much "rule by an emperor". The imperialism spread quickly all over Africa, but each place was ruled by different colonies. The three topics I will be discussing are greed, competition, and industrial advances. These all relate to imperialism in their own specific ways. The first thing I chose to believe that spread imperialism in Africa was greed. Greed is a main concept in the human brain. Greed is an intense and selfish desire for something, especially wealth, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. South America Research Paper The continent South America was first discovered by Christopher Columbus in the year 1498. This continent is situated west to Atlantic Ocean, east to Pacific Ocean, south to North America and north to Antarctica. South America, countries of Central America, Mexico and Caribbean islands are together known as Latin America. The Panama Canal links the Atlantic ocean and the Pacific ocean. South America task the longest mountain range, the Andes in the world. Amazon is the largest river of the world It's in South America. The highest peak of the Andes is Mount Aconcagua and the Cotopaxi with 87 known eruptions and is the highest volcanic peak in the world. Chimborazo is the tallest dead volcano which last known to erupt is believed to have occurred ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Hahnemann Research Paper Despite the scientific discoveries of our time, alternative medicine is still considered an option to many patients. While alternative medicine has taken many different forms, homeopathy is considered to be one of the most established. Samuel Hahnemann, a 18th–19th century physician, was trained in the practices of medicine of his time. Dissatisfied with the state of medicine in his time, Hahnemann left the field and instead chose to be a translator. Eventually, Hahnemann's desire for a better form of medicine brought him to establish an alternative form of medicine– homeopathy. Christian Frederick Samuel Hahnemann was born on April 10th, 1755 in Meissen, Saxony to Christian Gottfried Hahnemann, a painter of porcelain, and Johanna Christiana. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... where Cullen wrote about the bark or cinchona, which Cullen suggested could be used as a cure for malaria. Hahnemann began to take cinchona himself and noticed that he experienced slight symptoms of malira. Hahnemann concluded that if a patient has an illness, he or she can be cured by taking a drug that would produce similar symptoms in a healthy person, also known as 'like cures like.' In 1796 Hahnemann published his theories as Essay on a New Principle for Ascertaining the Curative Power of Drugs and again in 1810 in The Organon of the Healing Art (Morrel). Hahnemann return to Leipsic in 1812 and began lecturing on homeopathy and gather disciples who spread his theories. The British Homeopathic Society was founded in 1832, and the American institute of Homeopathy was developed near the end of the 19th century (Loudon 609). Hahnemann theorized that the dosage of the drug should only illicit the slightest of symptoms. Therefore, Hahnemann recommended that the drugs should be incredibly dilute, and shaken vigorously during the dilution. Homeopathic medicine also emphasized diseases are physical and spiritual, and that physicians should inquire about all aspects of a patient's life in order to treat the patient. Mainstream allopathic medicine rejected homeopathic medicine. At the time, allopathic medicine focused on the correlation between symptoms and the disease, also known as clinico–pathological correlation. This time period in medicine is marked by debates between the "contagionits and the anti–contagionits" (Loudon 608). Well known orthodox physicians such as Oliver Wendell Holmes and Sir John Forbes attacked the ideas of Hahnemann. Medical treatment at the time was crude and ineffective, while homeopathic treatments were easy to understand and cleaner, leading to better results and attracting supporters from the upper class. Hahnemann continued to write and lecture on homeopathy till his ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Fda Regulation Reform Case Study FDA Regulation Reform An Effective Solution for an Ineffective Product In recent years, homeopathy has grown to an immense $6.4 billion dollar industry–but not without frequent lawsuits. The French company Boiron paid out a twelve–million dollar settlement to consumers in California for selling a flu remedy with such a low concentration of active ingredient, it would be physically impossible for any to be present in the product. The active ingredient was duck liver, which Boiron claimed contained a rare form of bacteria. To make matters even more odd, the existence of this bacteria has been questioned and largely disproven. However, no regulatory action has been taken to counter this issue. All lawsuits are the result of consumer advocacy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta –analysis of clinical trials. HMRAG. Homeopathic Medicines Research Advisory Group. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;56(1):27–33. PubMed PMID: 10853874. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), В§ II–201 [21 U.S.C. 321]. Print. HANP Testimony to Homeopathic Product Regulation: Evaluating FDA's Regulatory Framework After a Quarter–Century Hearing, April 20–21, 2015, Docket No. FDA–2015–N–0540 Cong. (2015) (testimony of Lisa Amerine, ND, DHANP). Print. Loudon, Irvine. "A Brief History of Homeopathy." Journal of the Royal Society ofMedicine. The Royal Society of Medicine, n.d. Web. 20 June 2015. Testimony by the Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians, HANP Testimony to Homeopathic Product Regulation: Evaluating FDA's Regulatory Framework After a Quarter–Century Hearing, April 20–21, 2015 Docket No. FDA–2015–N–0540 Cong. (2015) (testimony of Lisa Amerine, ND, DHANP). Print. United States. FDA. 21 U.S. Code В§ 321 (g). N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2015. United States FDA. Hyland's Teething Tablets May Pose a Risk to Children. United StatesFood and Drug Administration. N.p., 23 Oct. 2010. Web. 20 June 2015. U.S. Code Title 21, В§ 9–321(g). ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Samuel Hahnemann Research Paper German chemist and physician Samuel Hahnemann takes the credit for founding another to traditional medicinal practises. Greater than 200 years ago, Dr. Hahnemann developed a medical system identified today as homeopathy. In 1779, Dr. Hahnemann finished his medicine course and started some practice. He started performing his homeopathic experiments 11 years later, having a humane medical approach in mind. Hahnemann's disenchantment with some of the inhumane issues with traditional medicine, for example using toxic substances, blood transfusion, and purging, pushed him to develop an alternate strategy to treat various illnesses. As outlined by Dr. Hahnemann, a creative way to cure diseases is to perform it quickly and mildly with permanent and safe results. Dr. Hahnemann almost ended his medical practice in favor of practicing chemistry and medical translation. He started his efforts in giving better healthcare from the homeopathic principle of similars (or "like cures like") when he worked on a translation project involving Materia Medica by William Cullen. Because he was focusing on the project, a tree bark called cinchona (which originated from South America) that was used as a remedy for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The varsity earned an excellent reputation as it succeeded in curing an array of diseases that were prevalent during those times like yellow fever, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, and cholera. It absolutely was not until almost a century later the way of treatment advocated by homeopathic medical schools gained much popularity. In the 20th century, homeopathic medicine had become popular. There was already 100 homeopathic hospitals, 22 homeopathic schools, well as over 1,000 homeopathic drug stores during that time. A few of the premiere educational institutions such as New York Medical College, Boston University, and Stanford University also started to teach homeopathic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. How Did The Renaissance Contributed To The Rise Of The... In the 16th century Europe flourished with new innovations and ideas. These created a large impact whether it be reward or consequence on the power of the church, knowledge of the people, and France in general. This was mostly in part due to the discovery of the new world, a renaissance that was widely promoted by the French kings, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg, and the rise of the Protestant Reformation, promoted by Martin Luther and Jean Calvin. In 1492, Christopher Columbus' discovery of the western hemisphere led to the introduction to food and medicine in Europe. It is said that the European diet was said to be boring, and not nutritious. The Europeans were introduced to corn, squash, and peppers. The reward to this was that they could now produce much more food compared to the smaller numbers of wheat that was produced. Food prices also dropped due to the surplus, and there was a gain in health due to new vitamins being implemented into their diet, and disease resistance increased in Europe as well. Unfortunately, many of the natives died due to the Europeans bringing in new diseases, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the beginning, the clerics mainly had control of what books were to be published, which were mainly theological and handcopied by monks. With the invention of the printing press, more secular and humanistic works were produced. This was a time where the middle class dared to study more secular works including human anatomy, astronomy, and humanism. The Protestant Reformists also used the printing press to their advantage as well, soon Martin Luther's 95 theses were shared around Europe, followed by Calvin's doctrines as well. With that, the French unity under one religion broke apart, leading to a problem with the French ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Homeopathy In The United States According to WHO (world health organization) "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well–being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Parents are always concerned their child's complete health (physical, mental, social and emotional). As a homeopathic physician the question that most people often asked me "why homeopathy is the best treatment option for kids?" Homeopathy is an alternative branch of medical science that works on the basic principle of "similia similibus curenter", means "like cures like"–in another word, a substance taken in small amounts will cure the same symptoms it causes if it has taken in large amounts. Dr. Samuel Hahnemann a German physician was the founder of homeopathy. He disagreed with... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although homeopathic remedies should not replace conventional treatment for serious health concerns, but they can be used as an alternative option. For example in the case of asthma in kids, it is necessary to use conventional inhalers and other indicated medicines. But we can add indicated homeopathic medicine along with them. When indicated medicine will start work on individual symptoms (it may take a time and patience is required) then the dose of conventional medicines can be tapered gradually. After a period of time patient can control his disease with homeopathic remedy ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Factors That Motivated European Imperialism In Africa What aspects do you think motivated Europe imperialism in Africa? Between 1500–1800, Europe traded along the west coast of Africa, but they were not able to reach the interior due to all the diseases they could catch. In the 1800s, European explorers had a cure for diseases and were prepared to push their way into the interior of the continent. By the 1880s, European nations competed with one another for control over Africa. With this being said, what do you think motivated Europe to imperialize in Africa? Many things contributed to the driving force behind European imperialism, such as politics, economics, and cultural attitudes. Politics played a major part in motivating Europe to imperialize in Africa. Document A shows how Africa was divided and which two states remained independent. Fourteen European nations met at the Berlin Conference to decide how Africa would be divided. In Document B, nationalism in Europe increased as the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution ideas spread throughout Europe. Colonists thought to advance the power of England, they needed to claim more territory as fast as possible. " That their first aim is to be to advance the power of England by land and by sea."~ Doc B. The Germans had strengths, such as trade and sea power, but wanted to learn about colonial skills from the British and start a friendly competition after them. "It would be wise if we Germans would learn about colonial skills from the British and begin to strive after ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Chapter 5: Nitro Compounds Chapter 5: Nitro Compounds Although the structures of touchy atoms change significantly, often, they contain a nitro gathering. This blend of one Nitrogen, and two oxygens (NO2), connected at the correct position has significantly expanded the world's capacity to take up arms. The ruinous forces of a blast originate from a stun wave caused by the extremely quick increment the volume of the nitro compound as it changes from strong or fluid into gas. This stun wave happens because gases have a greater volume than comparative measures of solids or fluids. Chapter 6: Silk and Nylon The properties of silk that made it so mainstream, its smoothness, its brilliance, and it appropriateness for an assortment of atmospheres are because of its Chemical Composition. It is a direct result of Silk's synthetic structure that it was so broadly pined for and exchanged. Silk was first found by the Chinese in c.2600 BCE. Princess Hsi–ling–shih first learned of this important string when a creepy crawly case fell into her tea and she understood that the silk could be loosened up and was reasonable for material utilize. The cover that fell into the Chinese Princess' tea was a silkworm's) case. As far back as at that point, silk has been acquired from the silkworm. Chapter 7: Phenol In the 1820s, healing facilities were messy. Numerous patients passed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Other attempts at refrigeration included molecules such as Ammonia, ether, methyl chloride, sulfur dioxide were good refrigerants, but they either decomposed, were fire hazards, poisonous, or extremely bad smelling. Chlorofluorocarbons CFC met all the requirements for a good refrigerant, extremely stable, and had none of the unfortunate downsides of the other refrigerants. CFCs started the air conditioning industry because of its cooling properties, and because it reacted with almost nothing, it was ideal propellants for virtually everything that could be applied through a spray ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Summary Of Andreas Vesalius The Fabric Of The Human Body In the publication of the book "The Fabric Of The Human Body" an Italian surgeon, Andreas Vesalius, included many drawings of the human body, most of which went against Galen's theory of opposites. In 1661 a lecturer in theoretical medicine at the university of Bologna, Marcello Malpighi, had used the setting sun and a lense to look into a dried frog's lung, and was the first recorded scientist to have used a microscope to observe capillaries through flesh. William Harvey published a book, all 52 pages written entirely in Latin, arguing that blood does not flow through the body in random places and at random times, but instead is systematically pumped to specific places in the body in a continuous cycle. On the 14th of November 1665 an experiment ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. African Imperialism DBQ European powers shamelessly exploited the people and resources of Africa in the 19th century. They often tried to justify their actions by using ideology, religion and moralism. After the end of the African slave trade, the development of steam power, and medical discovery, European nations started exploring not only the coast but also the unmapped interior of the continent. In this essay, I will explain the main driving forces behind African Imperialism. The Western europeans countries all competed for land and resources because of their self interest. They sought natural resources, and technology gave them the ability to exploit them. The philosophy of national pride however, was the primary reason. (Main document) (Doc C, D & B) The technical advances in the early and middle part of the 19th century enabled Western European powers to exploit imperial objectives in Africa. Among these advances were the steam engine, extraction of quinine, invention of the telegraph, steal processing and improved weaponry. The steam engine was important in increasing the speed and reliability of transportation. Extracting quinine from the bark of the cinchona tree helped treat malaria; a mosquito borne disease that killed thousands; it was now possible to survive in the interior of Africa. The telegraph was invented in 1837 and allowed fast communication over long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... These countries wanted their most worthy citizens to be part of their imperial desires, which lead to a philosophy of their ideals, religion and morals being developed. They meant that they could justify the colonies and labor based on the superiority of their culture, and the need to spread it to other cultures. When doing this, local cultures often destroyed, and people lost a sense of their identity. (Doc ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Yellow Fever Compare And Contrast Ava Schwartz Yellow fever compare and contrast In 1793 Philadelphia suffered from a deadly disease that spread all through the town; it was called yellow fever. The Philadelphia Doctors and the French doctors were attempting to treat yellow fever. The doctors had many ways to try to fix this, but they did not have the technology we do today. Yellow fever occurred 1793. The outbreak happened in Philadelphia. This sad event that killed many people was all because of infected mosquitoes. They came over with the ill refuges. About 2,000 to 5,000 people died. All in all, this was one of the one of the worst things to occur in history There is so much that the French and the Philadelphia doctors had ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Medicine In The Elizabethan Era Herbal Remedies and Poisons in Elizabethan Times In this day and age, there are millions of pharmaceuticals out there for all kinds of diseases and conditions, but where did all of this start? The creation of medicines most likely started when people discovered the healing properties plants contained. Today, civilization has the knowledge and technology to extract elements from plants to produce more chemically engineered medicines. The real question is how did medicines develop from mashing up leaves in order to lessen an infuriating rash to just popping a pill to nurse or illness? Medicines evolved by the scientific method: series of research and experiments. During the Elizabethan era, research and experimentation attained a renewed interest. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Medicines were mostly produced to cure diseases. Back in the 1600s scurvy and malaria were huge problems that needed to be dealt with. As mentioned in previous paragraph malaria was treated by the bark of the Cinchona tree and is still used today. "The bark of the Cinchona tree (called quina quina by the indigenous Peruvians), found in the rain forests along the Amazon River in the Andes of South America, contained an ingredient called quinine, which is still used in the treatment of malaria, a disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and one of the oldest plagues of mankind" (Cassell, Dank K., and Cynthia A. Sanoski). This shows that achievements made back then are still important to this date. Scurvy was a disease caused by vitamin deficiency, but that was not known back then. Jacques Cartier is a French explorer whose crew got infected with scurvy. Jacques and his crew came in contact with an Iroquois tribe in the New World, who knew how to cure scurvy. The women of the tribe would use juniper needles and bark to make a tea and use the leftover tea to wash the affected person's leg. Juniper needles and bark contain a lot of vitamins the human body needs, so when the affected person drank the juniper tea they got all the vitamins they lost back in turn curing scurvy. Poisons also had reasons why they were needed. Hemlock and aconite are deadly poisons ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. West African Colonies In The 1800s During this time a lot of new creations and useful ideas were introduced. In 1837 many new technological devices were invented. The most important ones were: The steam engine, it was a big help with transportation because it was a forceful source of power, it was a faster form of transportation. Secondly, the method of getting quinine from cinchona tree bark, this was a treatment for the disease of Malaria. Lastly, the repeating rifle, a faster loading gun that was able to fire multiple shots which gave Europeans an advantage in the African war. African colonies were beginning to export new items that benefitted them. The top two benefitting colonies were: French WestAfrica, they exported gum, different types of oils, cotton, peanuts, bananas, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Social Darwinism In Africa Before 1750 no European had dared to go down into Africa, consequently for the fear of catching some sort of disease. But why did the Western Europeans begin to imperialize in the 1800s when they had already taken over the India and much of the eastern continent. Imperialism in Africa really started with the idea of Social Darwinism, the need for raw materials and the fact that they had become technologically advanced. Social Darwinism is the thought that a certain race has evolved faster and better than the other, moreover, the lecture of Oxford University by John Ruskin proves that Darwinism is key to imperialism, he states, "England must either do or perish; she must found colonies as fast and as fat as she is able, formed of her most energetic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Peru Flags There are two countries that located in different continents but their national flags are similar and difference at the same time. Many Thai people have heard of Peru which is located in western of South Africa, but there are less people that have heard about Latvia which is located in Baltic region of Northern Europe. There is a connection point between Peru and Latvia that is their specific cultures. Peru is famous about their culture that based on traditional culture of Spain. Primitive Art of Peruvians are ancient pottery, fabric, jewelry and etching that came from culture before Incan. Moreover, Incan was still keep pattern of these works and they had created their masterpiece called Machu Picchu which has become one of New Seven Wonders of World. Latvia is a country where many traditional cultures and languages meet together. There was influenced by Russia, Poland, German and others Baltic region. However, the capital city called Riga is declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. If you have a chance to go there, you will feel like you are using time–machine to go ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Peruvian national flag is a vertical triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. It represents colors of the Inca Empire. But for Peruvian state flag, they also put the Peruvian coat of arms in the middle of white to show three different things which are animal of Peru called vincuna, the cinchona trees which is a powerful anti–malaria drug and the last one shows a cornucopia full of coins to represent the mineral wealth of the country. While Latvia is a horizontal triband with red outer bands and a single white middle band. It's one of the oldest flag of the world because it used as a warrior's flag in Middle Ages. Latvians can't use this flag for 50 years when Soviet domination and it can use after Latvia became an independent state so red color shows blood shed during struggle for independence and white color represent justice, truth and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Peru Research Paper The country I am doing is Peru. Peru happens to be my home country. I was Born there and lived there for about four years. On the map of the world, Peru is located in the west of South America, and has borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. In 1532, a man by the name of Francisco Pizarro, found and conquered Peru, but he was not the first man to be on Peru. According to, www.biography.com, "Incas have been living on peru since the beginning of time." The flag of Peru, is one of the most important symbols of Peru. It has a red, white, red, pattern with an shield in the middle of it. In this writing, I am going to write about the three symbols that are inside of the shield, and explain how they are not just pictures. In the middle of the Peruvian flag there is a shield with the three elements of Peru. In the top left of the shield, there is a vicuna. The vicuna is one of the important symbols of Peru. In Peru, they use the Vicuna for wool. Their fur is very fluffy and soft, so it makes for a great jacket in winter. The Vicuna is the national animal of Peru. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The symbol is a quinine tree. Quinine is an alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine has been used to treat malaria,a recurring disease marked by severe chills and fever since the early 1600s. It was the best chemotherapeutic agent available to combat the disease until the 1920s. Malaria treatment by quinine marked the first successful use of a chemical compound to treat an infectious disease. The quinine tree, is the national tree of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Research Paper On Spleen Spleen Interesting facts: In a foetus, the spleen produces RBCs Before a baby is born, the task of producing red blood cells rests with the spleen. As birth approaches, the spleen gradually stops doing this and allows the bone marrow to take over. About 10% of humans have a second spleen About 10% of the human population has a much smaller second spleen also known as an accessory spleen. It is a small portion of splenic tissue that exists separately. Humans can survive without a spleen Humans can live without spleen but since the spleen plays an important role in fighting microorganisms, it increases the person's chance of contracting more infections. Functions: Fight infection One of the main jobs of the spleen is to fight microorganisms and halt the spread of infections in the body. Whenever the spleen detects any dangerous microorganisms in the blood, it produces lymphocytes or white blood cells, which fight against the invaders. The lymphocytes produce antibodies that kill the foreign microorganisms and stop the infections from spreading. Eliminate old red blood cells Another important job of the spleen is to eliminate old red blood cells. Red blood cells that are produced in the long ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A part of the lymphatic system, the spleen performs several important functions in the body such as protecting us from the attacks of foreign invaders, stress and certain deficiencies. The single most important role that the spleen performs is to produce lymphocytes and phagocytes that fight against various microorganisms. In addition to it, the spleen performs other functions such as maintaining fluid levels, keeping the blood clean, maintaining blood platelets and drawing away waste from joint and muscle tissue. The spleen also controls the level of red blood cells circulating in the blood and eliminates dead and worn–out red blood cells that have lived their
  • 36. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Cinchona Bark Pharmacogonsy is the combination of the analysis and application of medicinal drugs which have been acquired from natural sources such as plants and animals. Discovery of the Cinchona bark was said to have been made by Spanish monks while they were in Peru. The use of the bark was made known to them by observing the indigenous Indians and by self–discovery. The bark was later made known to the Europeans by Jesuits. It was administered as a hot bitter drink for its medicinal purposes. Cinchona Succiruba was said to have acquired its appellation from the countess of a Spanish town called Cinchon who was cured of malaria by the use of the cinchona succiruba bark from the 17th century. There are other species of Cinchona but C. Succiruba has the most alkaloid content in comparison to the others as its bark contains 6 –16 % alkaloid content of which consists of quinidine and quinine which are the two main pharmacologically active... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The Cinchona succiruba also contains a total of approximately 4–14 % of quinine. Quinine was officially initially extracted and isolated Pelletier and Caventou who were French pharmacists. The isolation of quinine is accomplished when the cinchona bark is desiccated, pulverized and permeated followed by Soxhlet extraction. Quinine is a methanol quinolone and it is used against blood schizonts against all species of plasmodium except exo–erythrocytes or gametocytes of the P.falciparum species. The action of quinine is brought about by the inhibition of haem polymerase which is an enzyme needed by the parasites to convert the toxic alpha hematin into the tolerable form, beta hematin; however due to the inhibition of this enzyme by quinine the toxic form will build up and eventually lead to the death of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Malaria Is A Parasite That Has Been Impacting The World... Malaria is a parasite that has been impacting the world for the past couple of centuries. The illness associated with malaria gives intense fevers, chills, terrible headaches, muscle pains and can be deadly if not treated properly. Although overall malaria cases have decreased from 262 million in 2000 to 214 million in 2015, it is still an issue to be concerned about today.1 There have been developments of a vaccine against this parasite, but the parasite has adapted to the vaccine and developed a resistance to it, thus rendering it ineffective. The p. falciparum and p. vivax strains of malaria is what is causing problems as these resistant strains have popped up in much of Asia and Africa and a couple of countries in South America.1 This can potentially be a problem for the military and more specifically the Air Force as multiple countries where the Air Force deploys are infected with these resistant strains of malaria. It can be seen through the background and history of the fight against this parasite that the chemistry behind an antimalarial vaccine is important to the Air Force. The illness associated with the malaria parasite was first thought to be a result of poisonous mists drifting from marshes hence its name meaning "bad air" in Italian. Of course it was unbeknownst back then that it was actually caused by the female anopheles mosquito which tends to live near still water such as marshes.2 Although it was unknown what actually caused the symptoms of malaria, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Samuel Hahnemann Research Paper Samuel Hahnemann Samuel Hahnemann is more than the name behind one of the best hospitals in America; he is the man behind why many children wince and cry and absolutely abhor visits to the doctor's office but more importantly, the reason why they will grow into strong and healthy bodies that are immune to fatal conditions. He stands as the founder of homeopathy – a well received treatment associated with naturalism and holistic techniques (JAMA 2006). By challenging procedures of well–respected physicians of the time, Hahnemann created a fundamental medical system that is prominent in modern medicine, especially through vaccinations as they include very dilute quantity of virus material into the person's blood. It all started with Hahnemann ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. "History of Homeopathy and Biography of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann." Retrieved May 6, 2018, www.schwabehealth.com /wcm/mb/schwabe/en–in/about_schwabe_dhu/samuel_hahnemann/index.html. EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, Inc. 2018. "Samuel Hahnemann." Retrieved May 6, 2018,www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel–Hahnemann. Georg Thiem Verlag KG, 2016. "Hahnemann's Achievements and Modern Medicine." Retrieved May 6, 2018, www–thieme–connect–de.ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s–0036–1572514?update=true. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1587–1592. Mohr JC. "Homeopathy." Retrieved May 6, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40. Welburn Starting from the attractive village of Welburn this walk undertakes a circuit of the Castle Howard Estate. The scenery is stunning with beautiful parkland, ancient woodland and inspiring monuments to savour. Until 1986 Welburn was a chapelry within the parish of Bulmer when it became a parish in its own right, as part of a new benefice of Dalby, Terrington and Welburn. Welburn is a linear village. It was part of a joint parish with Bulmer until the 19th Century when it gained its own church and cemetery. Consecrated in 1865, the spire and tower–topped Church of St. John the Evangelist was mostly funded by the late Earl of Carlisle. The pews are made of oak and several of the stained glass windows are memorials to the Howard family. Dial... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... He travelled extensively in South America, sending specimens of more than 7,000 plants back to England, many of which were new to science. He gathered seeds of the quinine–producing cinchona tree from the slopes of the Andes – these were used by the Empire in India as a source of this anti–malarial drug. Born in Ganthorpe, his family moved to Welburn in 1841. When not abroad he spent much of his adult life in Welburn, occasionally deputising for his father as the teacher at Welburn School. The main building of Welburn School was built in 1841 and it opened as a boys school in that year. Today both boys and girls travel from Welburn and the outlying villages and farmsteads to attend the school. With the support of the Howardian Hills AONB SDF, the children and teachers have worked hard to create an organic kitchen garden and a wildlife area. As well as providing an educational resource these features have added greatly to the biodiversity value of the grounds. It has one school, Welburn Community School, in the centre of the village. It also has a dog–friendly pub/restaurant, the Crown and Cushion, which provides a centre for the village and Leaf and Loaf, village bakery and cafe. Welburn is one of the few villages in the area that still has a red telephone box (located near the centre of the village); they are becoming an increasing rarity in North ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 41. Domagk During World War II there were many different medicines/drugs to help revitalize wounded soldiers. During the war time many medicines were still being discovered to help fight infections, pain, blood loss and more. There are four different medicines/drugs that were the top most important ones; Prontosil, Atabrine, Plasma, and Morphine. Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk was a German biochemist. His research with antibacterial chemicals resulted in the discovery of many new drugs that provided the first most effective treatments for pneumonia, meningitis, and other bacterial diseases. This research of Domagk's involved analyzing thousands of chemicals for their antibacterial properties. In 1932 he tested Prontosil which is a red dye. It had no antibacterial properties, but when German Biochemist, Domagk, slightly changed the chemical makeup, it showed a tremendous ability to fight the infections in mice. The infections were caused by streptococcal bacteria, also known as, strep. He then tested the drug on his daughter, she was near death from a strep infection and wasn't responding to any of the other treatments. She surprisingly made a complete recovery. After he published his findings in the year of 1935, doctors found that Prontosil could control many other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Plasma is 90% water. It is about 55 percent of blood volume. Plasma contains albumin, which is the chief protein, fibrinogen, is responsible for the clotting of blood, and last but not least globulins, which include the antibodies. Plasma produces a wide range of functions, from maintaining the right amount of blood pressure and of volume to supplying proteins for immunity and of course blood clotting. Plasma also serves as the exchange for very important minerals such as potassium and sodium. These minerals help maintain the proper balance a body needs to insure proper cell function. Plasma is attained by the liquid portion of blood being separated from the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42. Homeopathy In The Gilded Age Essay Everybody hates going to the doctors. I can agree with this statement I also agree that most people do indeed hate going to the doctors. But without them there would be outbreaks and illness all over the place causing many fatalities. I am focused on the Gilded age, one man I am particularly interested and focused on is Samuel Hahnemann. Samuel was the creator of homeopathy. He believed that if you gave a healthy person small doses of an illness their body would fight it off and build an immunization and adapt to the real illness. This is where his theory "Like cures like" comes from. Homeopathy was birthed of the idea "Like cure like" and went on to have effects on all sorts of medicines and cures throughout the Gilded age. A treatment of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It all started when Hahnemann first exposed the belief to himself with Peruvian bark. This caused symptoms of Malaria and it caused his body to adapt to the chills, fever and other symptoms that malaria would cause. He got excited for a while he only tested on himself but then moved on to do trials on his family. Also along the way he started to gain fans, a group of followers that were willing to let him test with them. The second treatment he wanted to find a cure for was small pox. He had no clue of how to do so, but he gave one thing a try. He injected small portions of cow pox to his wife. She began to get symptoms yes they were less severe but this gave him a chance to create a section of homeopathy for small pox, a huge breakthrough for medicine in this time. The bigger name medical schools and physicians did not support Hahnemann. They believe that his methods were not reliable and did not like that he could only put out one cure at a time and when he gave out the medicine he only did so in small portions to where they could not get the customers to pay high amounts limiting their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...