This document contains summaries of multiple topics in psychology and neuroscience, including: 1) How Thorndike ruled out reasoning and imitation in how cats learn to escape, and how Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning. 2) Differences between Radical behaviorism and Cognitive Science approaches, and how Skinner's approach differed from Hull and Tolman. 3) Research on split-brain patients and what it reveals about hemispheric specialization and independence. 4) Brain imaging technologies like CAT scans, MRI, PET, and fMRI and how they have provided new insights into brain structure and function.

1. Discuss the effect the Renaissance had on psychology
Explain how Thorndike ruled out the idea that cats could learn
to escape through reasoning and imitation
How did Pavlov demonstrate the basic phenomena of
conditioning, extinction, generalization, and differentiation?
Discuss the trends that psychology has in the new millennium
Compare and contrast two different schools of psychology. An
example would be Gestalt and Behaviorism
Describe the traditional version of the Anna O. case, what really
happened, and what Freud learned from the case (or thought he
learned).
What are the similarities between john Locke’s empiricist ideas
and John Watson’s behaviorist ideas?
Compare and contrast Radical behaviorism and Cognitive
Science.
How did Skinners approach to science differ from Hull’s and
Tolman’s?
Discuss Skinner’s two “mistakes” according to Staddon in
addition to Staddon’s criticism of Skinner’s argument against
the “autonomous man”.
Discuss the literature on split-brain and lateralization of
function. What does the research tell us about each hemispheres
ability to function independently (e.g., cognitively, creatively,
etc.) and in unison? What are the implications for the cognitive
neuroscientist in terms of research?
Discuss one of the psychiatric disorders presented in chapter 11
of your text. Please be sure to address both the physiological
and behavioral aspects of the disorder (signs and symptoms,

2. biochemical or genetic theories, etc.), and pharmacological and
behavioral treatments for the disorder. What is the role of the
biopsychologist or neuroscientist in this type of research?
Discuss sleep in terms of the normal sleep cycle. Please be sure
to address the stages of sleep and physiological correlates
associated with each stage. How does dreaming fit into our
conception of a normal sleep cycle? Address theories of
dreaming. What are the consequences of disruption of sleep?
Critically evaluate the means theories that have been used to
explain e motion. Which do you think is the best theory and
why?
What brain regions and neurochemical systems are known to be
involved in the regulation of sleep? What is known about the
neurobiology and endocrinology of circadian rhythms?
What brain structures and circuits are known to be particularly
important for human memory? Please discuss the evidence
linking the hippocampus with an involvement in cognitive
mapping and spatial memory.
Compare and contrast Broca's aphasia with Wernicke's aphasia.
What cortical regions need to be damaged to produce these
types of aphasia, and what do they tell us about the brain
mechanisms underlying language?
What are the differences and similarities in the action of
cocaine and heroin on the brains reward systems? Do all
addictive drugs work by causing the release of dopamine in the
nucleus accumbens? In what ways have learning and
conditioning been shown to be important determinants of drug
tolerance?
"Brain scanning technology is providing new insights into our
understanding of the brain." Explain how CAT, MRI, PET and
fMRI scanning works, and some of the ways in which this
technology has been used to justify the above statement. Please
provide an example to support your answer
In what ways has the abnormal formation and deposition of
amyloid been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's
disease? How can cognitive reserve be built up? What evidence

3. shows that this can have beneficial effects for maintaining
mental functioning later in life?