disaster readiness

1. RISK FACTORS
UNDERLYING
DISASTER
BY: KIP AIZA F. GABAWA

2. SEVERITY
OF
EXPOSURE
The amount of exposure to the
disaster is highly related to risk of
future mental problems. At higher
risk are those that go through the
disaster themselves. Next are those
in close contact with the victims. At
lower risk of lasting impact are
those who had indirect exposure,
such as news of the severe
damage. Injury and life threat are
the factor that lead most often to
mental health problems.

3. Gender and
Family
Almost always, women or girls
suffer more negative effects than do
men or boys. Disaster recovery is
more stressful when children are
present in the home. Women with
spouses also experience more
distress during recovery.
Marital stress has been found
to increase after disaster. Also,
conflicts between family members or
lack of support in the home make it
harder to recover from disasters.

4. Age

5. Other factors
specific to the
survivor
1. Were not functioning well before
the disaster
2. Have had no experience dealing with
disasters
3. Must deal with other stressors after
the disaster
4. Have poor self-esteem
5. Think they are uncared for by others
6. Think they have little control over
what happens to them
7. Lack the capacity to manage stress.

6. Other factors
have also
been found
to predict
worse
outcomes
• Bereavement (death of someone
close)
• Injury to self or another family
member
• Life threat
• Panic, horror, or feelings like that
during the disaster
• Being separated from family
(especially among youth)
• Great loss of property
• Displacement (being forced to leave
home)

7. Developing
countries
There is strong body of
evidence that these risk
factors can be made worse if
disaster occurs in developing
country. Disasters in
developing countries, like
Philippines, have more sever
mental health impact than
do disasters in developed
countries. This true even
with less serious disasters.

8. Low or negative social
support
the support of
others can be both a
risk and resilience
factor. Social support
can weaken after
disasters. This may be
due to stress and the
need for members of
the support network
to get on with their
own lives. Sometimes
the responses from
other disaster victims
rely on for support
are negative.

9. EFFECTS OF
NATURAL DISASTER
ON HUMAN LIFE

10. DISPLACED
POPULATION
•Refers to the
relocation of
human
populations
from their
homes.

11. Health Risk
Aside from the obvious
immediate danger that natural
disasters present, the secondary
effects can be just as damaging.
Sever flooding can result in
stagnant water that allows
breeding of waterborne bacteria
and malaria-carrying mosquitos.
Dengue fever is another serious
health problem caused by
mosquitoes. Without emergency
relief from international
organizations and other, death
tolls can rise even after the
immediate danger has passed.

12. Food Scarcity
After natural disasters, food often become
scarce. Thousands of people around the world
go hungry of destroyed crops and loss of
agricultural supplies, whether it happens in a
suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.
As a result, food prices rise, reducing families’
purchasing power and increasing the risk of
severe malnutrition.

13. Emotional
Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be
particularly traumatic for young
children. Confronted with scenes
of destruction and the deaths of
friends and loved ones, many
children develop post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), a serious
psychological condition resulting
from extreme trauma. Left
untreated, children suffering from
PTSD can be prone to lasting
psychological damage and
emotional stress.

14. Disaster from
Different Perspective

15. PHYSICAL
PERPECTIVE
:

16. PSYCHOLIGICAL
PERPECTIVE:

17. Other
Psychological
effects of
disasters
• EMOTIONAL EFFECTS: shock, terror, irritability, blame,
anger, guilt, grief or sadness, numbing, helplessness,
loss of pleasure derived from familiar activities,
difficulty feeling happy, difficulty feeling loved.
• COGNITIVE EFFECTS: impaired concentration,
impaired decision-making ability, memory
impairment, disbelief, nightmares, decreased self-
esteem, decreased self-efficacy, self-blame, intrusive
thoughts, memories, dissociation (spacey)
• PHYSICAL EFFECTS: fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia,
cardiovascular strain, startle response, hyper arousal,
increased physical pain, reduced immune response,
headaches, gastrointestinal upset, decreased appetite,
decreased libido, vulnerability to illness.
• INTERPERSONAL EFFECTS: increased relational
conflict, social withdrawal, reduced relational
intimacy, alienation, impaired work performance,
decreased satisfaction, distrust, externalization of
blame, feeling abandoned.

18. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
•A disaster is analyzed based on
how people respond having as a
parameter their social conditions
and socio-cultural setting. These
two factors are important
determinants of the degree of
risk, resilience and vulnerability
of those affected. That is why
some ethnic groups can easily
cope with disasters compared to
other groups.

19. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
•Disaster can be defined as a
natural event that causes a
perturbation to the
functioning of the economic
system, with a significant
negative impacts on assets,
production factors, output
employment and
consumption.

20. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
•Natural disaster are commonly
thought to be less politically
contentious to armed
conflicts. Yet, closer look
reveals that politics are deeply
wedded to both the impact of
natural disaster and the
subsequent delivery of
humanitarian assistance.

21. SOCIO-
CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVE
•Disaster are not random
and do not occur by
accident. They are the
convergence of hazards and
vulnerable conditions.
Disasters not only reveal
underlying social,
economic, political and
environmental problems,
but unfortunately
contribute to worsening
them.

22. According to the United Nations
International Strategy on
Disaster Reduction (ISDR),
disaster risk is the potential
loos in lives, health status,
livelihoods, and various assets.
In your own opinion, how can
people help reduce the impact
and damages brought by
disasters to communities?

23. Read and account of ST
Yolanda that struck
Samar and Leyte in 2013.
analyze its impact from
the different perspectives
of disaster.