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1. LESSON 3
EFFECTS OF
DISASTERS

2. Every year, millions of people are
affected by disasters and impacts can
be devastating. From damage to
buildings, physical injuries, and death,
a disaster can destroy an entire town
or country overnight.

3. What are the drastic
effects of disasters
to a community?

4. Are the effects of disasters only on the loss of lives and
properties?​
Are there other effects of disasters?

5. Damages caused by disasters do not just cause death
and damage to property. There are other several
physical, medical, and psychological aspects in a
community affected by calamities.
The severity of effects in these aspects are due to
several factors.

6. POPULATION
Increased population in evacuation
centers is the most immediate effect
during a disaster.
Natural disasters such as earthquakes
and typhoons force people to vacate
their homes and seek shelter to a
nearby safe area.

8. HEALTH
One consequence of disaster is
threat to the population’s health.
Severe flooding caused by typhoons
can increase the presence of
stagnant water in the area. This
stagnant water is a perfect breeding
ground for mosquitoes to lay their
eggs and for the growth of bacteria.

10. FOOD
Food becomes limited after an occurrence of
disaster. Source of food from farms, poultry,
and aquaculture become damaged after a
disaster, thus the supply of food becomes
limited.

12. PSYCHOLOGICAL
The devastating impacts of
disaster can be traumatic for any
person who has experienced it.
Exposure to deaths and
catastrophe can be unforgettable
to anyone especially to children.

14. Many children could develop post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after
experiencing such disastrous events.
PTSD is a serious psychological
condition from extreme trauma.
Inability to notice and address it early,
can lead to a lifetime of emotional
distress and psychological damage.

15. Factors Affecting Severity of Effects
Severity of Exposure
A person exposed to a more severe disaster
has higher risk for mental distress.
For example, a family who experienced a first-
hand fire incident has a higher risk than their
friends and other people who have watched
the news about the fire.
Psychological problems after disasters are
usually triggered by exposure to the death of
an immediate family member.

16. Human Resilience
Humans are naturally resilient. Resilience is
the ability of individuals to recover from the
impacts of a disaster.

17. There are several factors that
increase the resilience of an
individual:
1. Social support includes emotional support
by sharing traumatic experiences, coping
mechanisms, and finding a sense of
comfort from others.
2. Coping confidence is the self-efficiency to
believe that one can survive any disaster
and reduce mental distress in the future.
This method of coping includes values like
optimism, hope, and confidence.

20. LESSON 4
HOW AND WHEN AN
EVENT BECOMES A
DISASTER?

21. A strong typhoon may or
may not result in a disaster.
How does a hazardous
events result in a disaster?

22. Recall the concepts on disaster and disaster
risk discussed in Lesson 1. Review the
definition of hazard and disaster and their
difference.
Write your answer in the table below:

23. Disaster is defined as a sudden,
calamitous event that can cause
damage to property and death.
Hazard is a natural or man-made
event that can potentially harm a
population.

24. PROACTIVE APPROACH TO
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS​
Hazards are a risk factor in the
occurrence of disasters. Thus, a
disaster can be prevented if the risk
brought by a hazard can be
prevented or reduced.

27. LESSON 5
areas or locations
exposed to hazards

28. Look around the classroom and identify the different
hazards that might cause accidents or harm.
Write your findings in the space provided below:

29. Based from the activity, how are you able to locate
hazards in your classroom? Do you think your classroom
is hazard free? Why?

30. Prediction and Warning
Prediction is a statement of
probability of hazards to occur based
on a number of evidences or
observations. These observations can
come from precursor events or
unusual physical changes.

31. A warning is a signal that tells of a
high probability of occurrence of a
hazard.

32. Climate and Weather Related
Hazards
Areas with low elevation is more
prone to impacts of typhoons and
floods.

33. Geophysical Related Hazards
Earthquakes are more prominent
in areas near fault lines. We can
recall the tectonic plates in the
earth’s crust and identify which
are the fault lines.

34. Man-made Related Hazards
Fire hazards can be caused by
faulty electrical wiring, children
playing with matches, candles left
unattended, burning garbage,
leaking LPG tanks, and using
firewood in cooking.

35. Man-made Related Hazards
War is considered the worst man-
made disaster. I

36. Man-made Related Hazards
War is considered the worst man-
made disaster. I

38. Your goal is to ensure that your household is aware of the
hazards and knows how to respond in case of disaster. You
are a responsible member of your household and wants all
the family members to be prepared in case of emergencies.
You need to create a hazard map and identify the potential
effects of hazards. You can use the space below for making
the map and
the table.
Your map and table will be judged based on the following
criteria:
● the location of each house component are clearly drawn
and labeled (30%)
● the location and type of hazards are all identified (30%)
● the table lists all types of hazards in the house and
matched with possible effects (40%)

40. LESSON 6
DISASTER FROM
DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVES

41. When an earthquake occurs in a
populated area, not only can people be
harmed physically but their future can be
affected as well.
How does a disaster affect different
aspects of society?

42. Work with a partner and analyze the picture
below. Fill out the table below by answering
the questions about the image.

43. Can you think of other effects of the picture
in other aspects of the community?
What are the different impacts of disaster
from different perspectives?

44. DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES IN STUDYING
DISASTER’S EFFECTS
Socio-
economic
Aspect
Educational
Aspect
Psychological
Aspect
Political
Aspect
Biological
Aspect
Physical &
Environmental
Aspect

45. Physical &
Environmental Aspect
Disaster causes drastic
changes in the structure of
the environment.

46. Socio-economic Aspect
Impacts of disaster in the socio-economic
aspect include the state of the social
well-being and the financial resources of
the community.

47. Educational Aspect
Access to information is
important in reducing the
hazardous effects of disasters.

48. Psychological Aspect
A natural or man-made disaster is
a traumatic event that can cause
stress, depression, and anxiety.

49. Biological
Aspect
Disasters can cause health
problems to individuals.

50. Political Aspect
A disaster may also change the way
citizens feel about other people in
general, like after giving donations to
assist affected individuals.