This document discusses water requirements for various industries. It states that boilers require soft water to prevent scale formation and corrosion. The paper industry needs water without silica or turbidity which can affect brightness and color. Beverages require non-alkaline water to preserve taste. Sugar refining and crystallization is difficult with hard water or impurities. Organic matter in water is harmful for bakeries by affecting yeast. Pharmaceuticals need pure, colorless, tasteless, pathogen-free water to avoid undesirable products. Concrete making requires water without sulfates and magnesium.

1. Chemistry
Lecture # 5
Boiler
It requires zero hardness, otherwise heat transfer is pretreated by scale formation untreated
water can also lead to corrosion of boiler material
Paper industry
It requires water free from Sio32 .it(as forms crack in paper) turbidity (Fe, Mn as they effect
brightness and color of paper)
Beverage
It required water which should not be alkaline as it destroy or modifies the taste became it tends
to centralize the fruit acids
Sugar Industry
If hard water in used in sugar refining of deliquescent sugar, impurities also cause difficulty in
crystallization of sugar

2. Bakeries
Presence of organic matter in water is harmful as it affects the action of yeast
Pharmaceutical
It require waterproof water which should be color ledge task less and free from pathogens, If
hard water is used, undesirable products are formed
Concrete Making
For all concert work water should free from sulphate and magnesium
Test of Hardness
S.Shumail Wasim