The document summarizes an innovative new optical screening tool called DYE-LIF that uses indicator dyes to detect chlorinated solvent DNAPL contamination. Existing optical screening tools like LIF work by detecting fluorescent compounds in petroleum hydrocarbons but cannot detect chlorinated solvents, which are not fluorescent. DYE-LIF addresses this by introducing a fluorescent dye into the probe that solvates in chlorinated DNAPL, allowing detection. Recent prototypes have shown success detecting thin layers of TCE and PCE in sand in lab and field tests. The high resolution data provided could help characterization and remediation design.
Optical Screening Tools For Characterizing NAPL Source Zonesstgermain
A presentation given to Michigan Association of Environmental Professionals last spring. Heavy focus on heterogeneity and difficulty of determining NAPL with monitoring wells and traditional analytical chemistry of dissolved phase.
Pitt Conn 2012 Fi Cs As Invited Sers Talks Ba Assayinscore
1) Researchers developed a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay to detect Bacillus anthracis spores.
2) The assay uses peptide-functionalized silver nanoparticles immobilized in a sol-gel matrix to selectively capture B. anthracis spores.
3) The assay can detect as few as 10 B. anthracis spores in 12 minutes with no false positives or negatives, meeting Army requirements for detection of bioagents.
Phase behavior and characterization of Polyelectrolyte ComplexesDavid Scheuing
This document summarizes research on quantifying the adsorption of surfactants and polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) at solid-liquid interfaces using quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCM-D). PECs are self-assembling aggregates formed from oppositely charged polymers that can be characterized in solution using light scattering and zeta potential measurements. QCM-D was used to measure the adsorption of cationic and anionic PECs on silica surfaces, finding that net cationic PECs adsorbed and resisted rinsing while anionic PECs showed more dynamic responses. FTIR further confirmed PECs designed with "living" chain dynamics
This document discusses the applications of nuclear techniques in chemistry. It covers the principles and applications of neutron activation analysis, isotope dilution techniques, radiometric titration, nuclear dating, and radiochemical preparation methods for environmental sample analysis. The key topics covered are the principles of neutron activation analysis, isotope dilution, nuclear dating techniques using various radioactive isotope decays, and sample preparation methods for analyzing radionuclides in environmental samples like seawater, soil and air. The document provides details on the theoretical background and procedures for quantitative analysis of elements and isotopes using nuclear techniques.
Phase behavior and characterization of PECs AIChE 2014 David Scheuing
Presented Nov. 2014 at AIChE meeting. Examines the use of polyelectrolyte complexes for surface modification in consumer products such as cleaners. Summarizes synthesis and characterization of stable complexes in solution via light scattering. Illustrates characterization of adsorbed layers of complexes on germanium and silica surfaces via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and gravimetry via a quartz crystal microbalance.
Laser based Spectrometer for VOCs MonitoringSteve Williams
Los Gatos Research develops optical spectroscopy instruments to detect trace gases. Their incoherent cavity ring down spectroscopy (iCRDS) system can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at low parts-per-billion concentrations. They deployed the iCRDS system at the Moffett Federal Airfield Superfund site to continuously monitor VOCs in tunnel air and breathing zones. Measurements showed VOC levels increasing when remediation fans were turned off and decreasing when fans turned back on, demonstrating the system's ability to evaluate remediation effectiveness in real-time. The iCRDS provided sensitive, autonomous VOC monitoring with results matching previous grab
LC-IR Applications In Polymer Related Industriesmzhou45
LC-IR Application Overview for Polymer Related Industries with Many Case Studies: characterize copolymer compositions across MWD and de-formulate complex polymer mixtures
Optical Screening Tools For Characterizing NAPL Source Zonesstgermain
A presentation given to Michigan Association of Environmental Professionals last spring. Heavy focus on heterogeneity and difficulty of determining NAPL with monitoring wells and traditional analytical chemistry of dissolved phase.
Pitt Conn 2012 Fi Cs As Invited Sers Talks Ba Assayinscore
1) Researchers developed a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay to detect Bacillus anthracis spores.
2) The assay uses peptide-functionalized silver nanoparticles immobilized in a sol-gel matrix to selectively capture B. anthracis spores.
3) The assay can detect as few as 10 B. anthracis spores in 12 minutes with no false positives or negatives, meeting Army requirements for detection of bioagents.
Phase behavior and characterization of Polyelectrolyte ComplexesDavid Scheuing
This document summarizes research on quantifying the adsorption of surfactants and polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) at solid-liquid interfaces using quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCM-D). PECs are self-assembling aggregates formed from oppositely charged polymers that can be characterized in solution using light scattering and zeta potential measurements. QCM-D was used to measure the adsorption of cationic and anionic PECs on silica surfaces, finding that net cationic PECs adsorbed and resisted rinsing while anionic PECs showed more dynamic responses. FTIR further confirmed PECs designed with "living" chain dynamics
This document discusses the applications of nuclear techniques in chemistry. It covers the principles and applications of neutron activation analysis, isotope dilution techniques, radiometric titration, nuclear dating, and radiochemical preparation methods for environmental sample analysis. The key topics covered are the principles of neutron activation analysis, isotope dilution, nuclear dating techniques using various radioactive isotope decays, and sample preparation methods for analyzing radionuclides in environmental samples like seawater, soil and air. The document provides details on the theoretical background and procedures for quantitative analysis of elements and isotopes using nuclear techniques.
Phase behavior and characterization of PECs AIChE 2014 David Scheuing
Presented Nov. 2014 at AIChE meeting. Examines the use of polyelectrolyte complexes for surface modification in consumer products such as cleaners. Summarizes synthesis and characterization of stable complexes in solution via light scattering. Illustrates characterization of adsorbed layers of complexes on germanium and silica surfaces via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and gravimetry via a quartz crystal microbalance.
Laser based Spectrometer for VOCs MonitoringSteve Williams
Los Gatos Research develops optical spectroscopy instruments to detect trace gases. Their incoherent cavity ring down spectroscopy (iCRDS) system can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at low parts-per-billion concentrations. They deployed the iCRDS system at the Moffett Federal Airfield Superfund site to continuously monitor VOCs in tunnel air and breathing zones. Measurements showed VOC levels increasing when remediation fans were turned off and decreasing when fans turned back on, demonstrating the system's ability to evaluate remediation effectiveness in real-time. The iCRDS provided sensitive, autonomous VOC monitoring with results matching previous grab
LC-IR Applications In Polymer Related Industriesmzhou45
LC-IR Application Overview for Polymer Related Industries with Many Case Studies: characterize copolymer compositions across MWD and de-formulate complex polymer mixtures
LC-IR Hyphenated Technology For Excipient Analysis-FDA USP Seminars-1-13-2010mzhou45
The document describes Spectra Analysis's DiscovIR-LC technology for online liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (LC-IR). The technology removes solvent from the LC eluent in real-time, depositing the dried sample on a zinc selenide disk for FTIR analysis. This allows for characterization of excipient polymers and assessment of degradation across molecular weight distributions. Case studies demonstrate analysis of copolymer composition drift, excipient variability from different manufacturers, and degradation products from hot melt extrusion processes. The LC-IR can also be used for de-formulation, process analysis, and general analytical applications.
This document summarizes a presentation on land surface albedo and downwelling shortwave radiation retrieval from geostationary satellites. It describes products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility including surface albedo, downwelling shortwave and longwave fluxes, snow cover, and other variables. Methods for albedo retrieval and evaluation showing good accuracy are presented, as are applications for weather forecasting where the data improve model performance. Open issues and plans for future improvements are discussed.
The document discusses resource management considerations for carbon storage projects in Australia. It notes that various basin resources could influence storage site selection, impact storage capacity, and guide risk analysis. Key resources discussed include oil and gas, geothermal, groundwater, coal, and coal seam methane. The document presents a case study of multiple resource potential and permits in Victoria's Gippsland Basin, including overlaps between carbon storage, gas, and geothermal projects. It emphasizes that resource interactions are important for carbon storage project planning and risk assessment in Australia.
This document summarizes research on synthesizing and characterizing various phosphors for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry. It discusses the precipitation synthesis of CaSO4:Dy, which is a sensitive TL phosphor for low-dose measurements. It also describes synthesizing LiF:MCP and LiCaAlF6:Eu phosphors via different methods and analyzes their dosimetric properties like TL glow curves, dose response linearity, and sensitivity dependence on factors like dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The LiF:MCP and LiCaAlF6:Eu samples developed showed comparable TL intensity to commercial phosphors. In conclusion, CaSO4, LiF, and LiCaAlF
This document summarizes research on the partial sulfonation of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers. The researchers aim to sulfonate only the surface of the nanofibers to impart a negative charge, while keeping the fiber core intact. They expose PANI nanofibers to sodium sulfite to sulfonate the surface. FTIR data confirms sulfonation through new peaks. Short deprotonation times in base limit sulfonation and fiber degradation, while longer times lead to more degradation due to increased solubility from higher sulfonation. The extent and uniformity of sulfonation remains unclear and will be examined further. Partial sulfonation could allow attachment of gold nanoparticles to
How to precisely measure time in spacecraftsSergey Lourie
This document discusses opportunities for developing atomic systems and quantum devices in space. It describes how the space environment provides a challenging setting that requires highly sensitive instruments, as well as a benign environment for testing fundamental physics. The document outlines several quantum technologies with applications for space, including ultra-stable atomic clocks, atom interferometers, Bose-Einstein condensates, and entangled photon sources. It argues these technologies can enable tests of relativity, quantum decoherence, and gravitational wave detection. The document also summarizes work by JPL on developing miniaturized trapped ion clocks and optical lattice clocks for space use.
This document discusses scintillator materials for gamma ray spectroscopy. It describes Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's efforts to develop new scintillator materials with high energy resolution and stopping power to discriminate gamma ray spectra, while being low cost and having no intrinsic radioactivity. Some promising new materials discussed include single crystal strontium iodide doped with europium, ceramic gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet doped with cerium, and bismuth-loaded polymer plastics. These new materials show energy resolutions that improve on existing sodium iodide and offer potential for lower cost gamma spectroscopy detectors.
Presented at the Laser Physics Workshop - Trondheim, Norway (June 30 - July 4, 2008)
Publication Reference: B.M. Walsh, “A Review of Tm and Ho Materials; Spectroscopy and Lasers,” Laser Physics, 19, 855-866 (2009).
1. The document describes work to enhance genetically engineered E. coli bioreporters for detecting buried landmines through their trace chemical signatures. Directed evolution was used to generate variants with improved sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a compound found in the vapor of TNT-based landmines.
2. Colonies were screened and the most sensitive variants to 2,4-DNT were isolated based on increased luminescence. The best variants showed a lower detection threshold of 2,4-DNT compared to the original strain.
3. For potential field use, a fluorescent reporter was developed with a simpler detection system and lower background noise than the
Presented at the International Conference on Luminescence - Wroclaw, Poland (July 13 - 18, 2014)
Publication Reference: Brian M. Walsh, Hyung R. Lee, Norman P. Barnes, "Mid Infrared lasers for remote sensing applications," J. Lumin., 169, 400-405 (2016).
This document summarizes research on strontium iodide scintillator materials conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It finds that SrI2 doped with europium is a promising scintillator that offers high light yield and energy resolution comparable to lanthanum bromide. The document outlines thermal and optical properties of SrI2 and describes crystal growth techniques. It presents results demonstrating less than 4% energy resolution at 662 keV can be achieved with encapsulated SrI2 crystals and analog readout.
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed between lanthanide-ion doped oxide nanoparticles (donors) and organic fluorophore acceptors. Specifically, YVO4:Eu nanoparticles were used as donors with emission at 617nm to excite Cy5 acceptors with emission at 670nm. The efficiency of energy transfer followed the Förster equation with a Förster distance (Ro) of 37.4672 Å. Future work will explore time-gated detection to reduce background fluorescence and use of alternative lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as both donors and acceptors to enable multi-color FRET experiments.
Design validation & optimization of offshore foundations (Wout Weijtjens, VUB)
Foundation monitoring on offshore wind farms for O&M optimization and life time extension (Wout Weijtjens, VUB)
The Role of the Large Lakes Observatory in Studying Great Lakes: Past and FutureSERC at Carleton College
The Large Lakes Observatory (LLO) at the University of Minnesota Duluth:
- Focuses on applying oceanographic research methods to study inland freshwater seas like the Great Lakes.
- Operates the largest university-owned research vessel on the Great Lakes called the Blue Heron, which is used to conduct interdisciplinary limnological research.
- Studies topics like lake productivity, sediment geochemistry, climate change impacts on lakes, and uses techniques like sediment traps and fluorometry to examine phytoplankton composition and productivity.
- Works with agencies like GLOS to monitor lakes and deploy equipment like autonomous gliders, and maintains several limnological research sites on lakes around the world.
This document summarizes a presentation on actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories. It discusses the rationale for studying actinide/brine systems in salt repositories, including regulatory requirements to address low probability scenarios. It also discusses how repository design and geotechnical issues impact actinide/brine chemistry through factors like brine availability and redox conditions. Finally, it provides an overview of various activities related to actinide/brine chemistry, including the NEA Pitzer database and upcoming workshops on the topic.
The document summarizes the validation program for environmental data records (EDRs) from the Cross-track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NPP satellite. The program aims to validate CrIMSS EDRs including atmospheric vertical temperature profiles (AVTP), moisture profiles (AVMP), and pressure profiles (AVPP) against requirements. It outlines the validation team members and phases from pre-launch through long-term monitoring. Current pre-launch efforts include using proxy datasets from other satellites to test the EDR algorithm and initial statistics comparing CrIMSS EDRs to analysis data.
The document summarizes the validation program for environmental data records (EDRs) from the Cross-track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NPP satellite. The program aims to ensure EDR products like atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles meet accuracy requirements. It outlines team members and responsibilities, validation phases from pre-launch to long-term monitoring, and current pre-launch efforts using proxy datasets and field campaigns to demonstrate launch readiness.
LC-IR Hyphenated Technology For Excipient Analysis-FDA USP Seminars-1-13-2010mzhou45
The document describes Spectra Analysis's DiscovIR-LC technology for online liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (LC-IR). The technology removes solvent from the LC eluent in real-time, depositing the dried sample on a zinc selenide disk for FTIR analysis. This allows for characterization of excipient polymers and assessment of degradation across molecular weight distributions. Case studies demonstrate analysis of copolymer composition drift, excipient variability from different manufacturers, and degradation products from hot melt extrusion processes. The LC-IR can also be used for de-formulation, process analysis, and general analytical applications.
This document summarizes a presentation on land surface albedo and downwelling shortwave radiation retrieval from geostationary satellites. It describes products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility including surface albedo, downwelling shortwave and longwave fluxes, snow cover, and other variables. Methods for albedo retrieval and evaluation showing good accuracy are presented, as are applications for weather forecasting where the data improve model performance. Open issues and plans for future improvements are discussed.
The document discusses resource management considerations for carbon storage projects in Australia. It notes that various basin resources could influence storage site selection, impact storage capacity, and guide risk analysis. Key resources discussed include oil and gas, geothermal, groundwater, coal, and coal seam methane. The document presents a case study of multiple resource potential and permits in Victoria's Gippsland Basin, including overlaps between carbon storage, gas, and geothermal projects. It emphasizes that resource interactions are important for carbon storage project planning and risk assessment in Australia.
This document summarizes research on synthesizing and characterizing various phosphors for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry. It discusses the precipitation synthesis of CaSO4:Dy, which is a sensitive TL phosphor for low-dose measurements. It also describes synthesizing LiF:MCP and LiCaAlF6:Eu phosphors via different methods and analyzes their dosimetric properties like TL glow curves, dose response linearity, and sensitivity dependence on factors like dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The LiF:MCP and LiCaAlF6:Eu samples developed showed comparable TL intensity to commercial phosphors. In conclusion, CaSO4, LiF, and LiCaAlF
This document summarizes research on the partial sulfonation of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers. The researchers aim to sulfonate only the surface of the nanofibers to impart a negative charge, while keeping the fiber core intact. They expose PANI nanofibers to sodium sulfite to sulfonate the surface. FTIR data confirms sulfonation through new peaks. Short deprotonation times in base limit sulfonation and fiber degradation, while longer times lead to more degradation due to increased solubility from higher sulfonation. The extent and uniformity of sulfonation remains unclear and will be examined further. Partial sulfonation could allow attachment of gold nanoparticles to
How to precisely measure time in spacecraftsSergey Lourie
This document discusses opportunities for developing atomic systems and quantum devices in space. It describes how the space environment provides a challenging setting that requires highly sensitive instruments, as well as a benign environment for testing fundamental physics. The document outlines several quantum technologies with applications for space, including ultra-stable atomic clocks, atom interferometers, Bose-Einstein condensates, and entangled photon sources. It argues these technologies can enable tests of relativity, quantum decoherence, and gravitational wave detection. The document also summarizes work by JPL on developing miniaturized trapped ion clocks and optical lattice clocks for space use.
This document discusses scintillator materials for gamma ray spectroscopy. It describes Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's efforts to develop new scintillator materials with high energy resolution and stopping power to discriminate gamma ray spectra, while being low cost and having no intrinsic radioactivity. Some promising new materials discussed include single crystal strontium iodide doped with europium, ceramic gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet doped with cerium, and bismuth-loaded polymer plastics. These new materials show energy resolutions that improve on existing sodium iodide and offer potential for lower cost gamma spectroscopy detectors.
Presented at the Laser Physics Workshop - Trondheim, Norway (June 30 - July 4, 2008)
Publication Reference: B.M. Walsh, “A Review of Tm and Ho Materials; Spectroscopy and Lasers,” Laser Physics, 19, 855-866 (2009).
1. The document describes work to enhance genetically engineered E. coli bioreporters for detecting buried landmines through their trace chemical signatures. Directed evolution was used to generate variants with improved sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a compound found in the vapor of TNT-based landmines.
2. Colonies were screened and the most sensitive variants to 2,4-DNT were isolated based on increased luminescence. The best variants showed a lower detection threshold of 2,4-DNT compared to the original strain.
3. For potential field use, a fluorescent reporter was developed with a simpler detection system and lower background noise than the
Presented at the International Conference on Luminescence - Wroclaw, Poland (July 13 - 18, 2014)
Publication Reference: Brian M. Walsh, Hyung R. Lee, Norman P. Barnes, "Mid Infrared lasers for remote sensing applications," J. Lumin., 169, 400-405 (2016).
This document summarizes research on strontium iodide scintillator materials conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It finds that SrI2 doped with europium is a promising scintillator that offers high light yield and energy resolution comparable to lanthanum bromide. The document outlines thermal and optical properties of SrI2 and describes crystal growth techniques. It presents results demonstrating less than 4% energy resolution at 662 keV can be achieved with encapsulated SrI2 crystals and analog readout.
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was observed between lanthanide-ion doped oxide nanoparticles (donors) and organic fluorophore acceptors. Specifically, YVO4:Eu nanoparticles were used as donors with emission at 617nm to excite Cy5 acceptors with emission at 670nm. The efficiency of energy transfer followed the Förster equation with a Förster distance (Ro) of 37.4672 Å. Future work will explore time-gated detection to reduce background fluorescence and use of alternative lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as both donors and acceptors to enable multi-color FRET experiments.
Design validation & optimization of offshore foundations (Wout Weijtjens, VUB)
Foundation monitoring on offshore wind farms for O&M optimization and life time extension (Wout Weijtjens, VUB)
The Role of the Large Lakes Observatory in Studying Great Lakes: Past and FutureSERC at Carleton College
The Large Lakes Observatory (LLO) at the University of Minnesota Duluth:
- Focuses on applying oceanographic research methods to study inland freshwater seas like the Great Lakes.
- Operates the largest university-owned research vessel on the Great Lakes called the Blue Heron, which is used to conduct interdisciplinary limnological research.
- Studies topics like lake productivity, sediment geochemistry, climate change impacts on lakes, and uses techniques like sediment traps and fluorometry to examine phytoplankton composition and productivity.
- Works with agencies like GLOS to monitor lakes and deploy equipment like autonomous gliders, and maintains several limnological research sites on lakes around the world.
This document summarizes a presentation on actinide and brine chemistry in salt repositories. It discusses the rationale for studying actinide/brine systems in salt repositories, including regulatory requirements to address low probability scenarios. It also discusses how repository design and geotechnical issues impact actinide/brine chemistry through factors like brine availability and redox conditions. Finally, it provides an overview of various activities related to actinide/brine chemistry, including the NEA Pitzer database and upcoming workshops on the topic.
The document summarizes the validation program for environmental data records (EDRs) from the Cross-track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NPP satellite. The program aims to validate CrIMSS EDRs including atmospheric vertical temperature profiles (AVTP), moisture profiles (AVMP), and pressure profiles (AVPP) against requirements. It outlines the validation team members and phases from pre-launch through long-term monitoring. Current pre-launch efforts include using proxy datasets from other satellites to test the EDR algorithm and initial statistics comparing CrIMSS EDRs to analysis data.
The document summarizes the validation program for environmental data records (EDRs) from the Cross-track Infrared Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) NPP satellite. The program aims to ensure EDR products like atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles meet accuracy requirements. It outlines team members and responsibilities, validation phases from pre-launch to long-term monitoring, and current pre-launch efforts using proxy datasets and field campaigns to demonstrate launch readiness.
This document discusses a new approach to monitoring bioaerosols in Ireland using a real-time fluorescence instrument called the Waveband-Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS). It describes how the WIBS can detect different types of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) like pollen, fungi and bacteria based on their intrinsic fluorescence. Field tests of the WIBS in a rural area of Ireland showed that its measurements of fluorescent particles correlated well with traditional spore sampling, helping to identify the sources and behavior of various airborne biological particles.
This document provides an overview and comparison of popular next-generation sequencing platforms. It discusses the common sequencing pipeline including library preparation, massively parallel sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Popular platforms like Roche 454, Illumina, and SOLiD are described in detail focusing on their specific sequencing chemistries and performance characteristics. Newer third-generation platforms such as Ion Torrent, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore are also introduced. A wide range of NGS applications from whole genome sequencing to RNA-seq are outlined.
This document discusses high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and their application to genome assembly projects. It provides a brief history of DNA sequencing, from early chemical and chain termination methods to current massively parallel sequencing technologies. It also describes several long-read sequencing technologies, including Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Examples are given of genome projects utilizing these technologies along with short-read sequencing data.
The FABLE project aims to characterize nanoparticles in ambient air and indoor environments, synthesize similar nanoparticles in the lab, study how these nanoparticles interact with and potentially affect cells and tissues, and use these findings to inform nanoparticle risk assessments and policies. The project involves various work packages focused on nanoparticle characterization, synthesis, cellular studies, toxicity studies, and risk assessment. Several publications have already resulted from the project's early work, and over the next year the team plans to further engage with policymakers and other groups to communicate their findings.
Rta Eas & Pittcon 2010 Sers Featured Talksinscore
RTA SERS develops SERS-active substrates and devices for chemical analysis applications. Their team includes researchers developing new substrate materials and applications in food/water safety and healthcare. Key challenges addressed include detecting parts-per-billion levels of chemicals in water and food, rapidly identifying drug overdoses from saliva, and non-invasively monitoring drug metabolite levels to optimize chemotherapy dosing. Their SERS substrates and portable devices aim to provide sensitive, specific, and rapid chemical analysis to enable real-time decision making.
Lattice Energy LLC-LENRs on Hydrogenated Fullerenes and Graphene-July 6 2012Lewis Larsen
Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs) on Hydrogenated Fullerenes and Graphene: the rich, rapidly advancing chemistry of fullerenes and Graphene/Graphane might be fruitfully applied to the design and fabrication of better devices having LENR-active surfaces
Helen Cleugh_Near-real-time measurement of carbon dioxide, water and energy f...TERN Australia
This document discusses using flux tower and other observational data to constrain land surface models and determine carbon and water budgets across Australia. It describes how the OzFlux network provides carbon dioxide and water flux measurements from different ecosystems. These flux measurements have been used to test and improve land surface models and reduce uncertainty in estimates of net primary production for Australia. Integrating these observational constraints into the BIOS2 modeling framework has provided insights into Australia's dynamic carbon and water cycles at continental scales.
This document discusses nanopore sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. It provides details on their MinION and PromethION sequencing devices, including the design of the MinION flow cell and basecalling process. It also describes the MinION Access Program (MAP) and MinION Analysis and Reference Consortium (MARC) for evaluating and improving the nanopore sequencing platform. While showing promise, the document notes some areas still needing improvement for the technology to be fully ready for production, including flow cell quality and throughput.
The document summarizes the evolution of the thin film rotating disk electrode (TF-RDE) technique for characterizing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of platinum electrocatalysts. Early work developed ink formulations containing platinum catalysts and Nafion ionomer to create relatively thick catalyst layers. Subsequent studies examined how thin Nafion films or "caps" affected oxygen diffusion measurements. More recent improvements involved optimizing ink dispersion and fabrication methods to produce more uniform, thinner catalyst layers. However, the document notes that reported ORR activities still vary significantly depending on experimental conditions. Specifically, the presence of Nafion ionomer creates a complex interface that can affect measured kinetics in poorly defined ways.
Lattice Energy LLC- Mystery of the Missing Nickel and Vanadium-Nov 6 2011Lewis Larsen
Mystery of apparently ‘missing’ Nickel and Vanadium: in the refereed paper “Hydrous pyrolysis of crude oil in gold-plated reactors,” Organic Geochemistry 18 pp. 745 - 756 (1992) J.A. Curiale (Unocal) et al. reported results of experiments in which crude oil samples subjected to hydrous pyrolysis showed significant decreases in concentrations of trace metals Nickel and Vanadium over time. In one experiment, Iraq/300, decreases in Ni and V were accompanied by modest shift in Carbon isotopic ratios.
In the above November 6, 2011, SlideShare presentation we discuss Curiale et al.’s experimental apparatus and their observations in the light of an alternative nuclear paradigm: the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs in condensed matter. Curious readers can examine Curiale et al.’s published data, review our discussion and alternative interpretation of their results, and decide for themselves whether further experimental measurements looking for similar anomalies in products of various types of industrial pyrolysis processes might be interesting and useful for increasing our knowledge of such phenomena.
The document describes the development of a dopamine biosensor based on a polyaniline/carbon quantum dots (PANi/CQDs) composite. The PANi/CQDs composite was characterized using various techniques and showed absorption and fluorescence properties. For the electrochemical biosensor, an electrospun nanofiber film of PANi/CQDs was fabricated on an electrode. It demonstrated good sensitivity for dopamine detection with a linear range of 10-90 μM. For the fluorescent biosensor, the fluorescence intensity of PANi/CQDs decreased with increasing dopamine concentrations, showing a linear range of 0.1-100 μM. The PANi/CQDs composite is a promising material for sensitive dopamine detection.
This document provides an overview of basic well logging design, including:
- An agenda for a one-day course on well logging that includes lectures, breaks, and a workshop
- Objectives of familiarizing participants with log measurements, interpreting lithology and fluid types, understanding factors affecting logs, and designing well logging programs
- A definition of well logs as continuous depth records of formation properties acquired by lowering measurement tools into boreholes
Similar to Direct Push Optical Screening Tool For Chlorinated Solvent Dnapl St Germain 12 2010 (20)
Direct Push Optical Screening Tool For Chlorinated Solvent Dnapl St Germain 12 2010
1. Direct Push Optical
Screening Tool for
Chlorinated Solvent DNAPL
Randy St. Germain, Dakota Technologies, Inc.
Murray Einarson & Adrian Fure, AMEC Geomatrix
2. presentation summary
• NAPL heterogeneity
• LIF technology review
• innovative use for LIF (chlorinated DNAPL)
• recent results of prototype testing
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 2
3. NAPL architecture not nearly as simple as we often assume even
after years of lectures, papers, alerts, ‘shouting from the hill tops’
heterogeneity remains this industry’s inconvenient truth
when discussing ISCO, recovery, slurry walls, etc.
OSTs such as ROST, UVOST, and TarGOST have shown:
• LNAPLs and DNAPLs rarely exist as simple “layers” as once
shown in textbooks and guidance documents – even the
‘pregnant LNAPL pancakes’ error on the side of simplicity
• both LNAPLs and DNAPLs follow geology/lithology closely
(porosity of sand can vary – see pic of dye-stained gasoline) John Mosquera
• LNAPL architecture found with OSTs is often strange (even
find LNAPL 20-30 ft below groundwater)
• OSTs, tracer studies, MIP, other high resolution tools showing
we have to go back to basics and start including geology’s
major role in NAPL distribution
• separate phase NAPLs simply disperse less than dissolved
• rarely does just chemistry or just geology properly define the
NAPL CSM – it takes both - along with lots and lots of data
representative sample zone?
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 3
4. let’s review the basics of optical screening tools…
• spectroscopic (light-based)
• OSTs employ a sapphire-windowed probe
• require “direct push” delivery – both dynamic (Geoprobe®/AMS) and
static (CPT)
• log a light-based phenomenon vs. depth (usually fluorescence of PAHs)
• sometimes referred to collectively as “LIF” (laser-induced fluorescence)
– but inaccurately so, since some use Hg-lamp (or modified with LEDs)
windowed probe - percussion windowed probe – submerged derrick windowed CPT “sub” above CPT
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 4
5. the basics of optical screening tools
breakout
generator umbilical box remote
display
laser
scope string
pot
printer
A/D e-deck LAN pc
cable
split cap
rods
fiber
optics
floating
Depth
peg
%RE
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 5
6. Optical Screening Tools produce footage very rapidly
with real time results to guide the investigation
Real-Time In-Situ Characterization
higher quality information
for higher quality engineering/decisions
Detailed Conceptual Model
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 6
7. OSTs are flexible… deployable under variety of delivery platforms and conditions
• Geoprobe®, PowerProbe, CPT, even drill rigs (in soft materials)
• on-shore, off-shore, ice, bogs, sediments, tar pits, settling ponds
• rain, snow, sleet, sun, wind, hot, cold
Brodhead Creek
TIP: no “poor recovery” with OSTs… and NAPLs usually reside in poor recovery prone matrices
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 7
8. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
Day 1
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 8
9. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
Day 1
2
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 9
10. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
Day 1
3
2
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 10
11. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
Day 1
4
3
2
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 11
12. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
Day 1
5
4
3
2
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 12
13. 5-day TarGOST investigation at a coal tar DNAPL site
remember that coal tar and creosotes ARE most often DNAPLs too!
Dakota has characterized over 100 DNAPL sites with TarGOST
hi-resolution 3D OST data provides
information useful for…
• MNA studies
• recovery/monitoring well placement
• dig/haul design/costing
• trenching design
• containment design
• thermal design
• in situ chemical oxidation injection
• groundwater sampling guidance
• soil engineering sampling guidance
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 13
14. OSTs work because the PAHs in NAPLs fluoresce
this provides a convenient way to detect NAPLs by their “glow”
kerosene
gasoline
diesel
oil
long
UV
short
UV
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 14
15. OSTs work because the PAHs in NAPLs fluoresce
this provides a convenient way to detect NAPLs by their “glow”
kerosene
gasoline
diesel
oil
long
UV
short
UV
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 15
16. OSTs work because the PAHs in NAPLs fluoresce
this provides a convenient way to detect NAPLs by their “glow”
kerosene
gasoline
diesel
oil
long
UV
short
UV
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 16
17. OSTs work because the PAHs in NAPLs fluoresce
this provides a convenient way to detect NAPLs by their “glow”
kerosene
gasoline
diesel
oil
long
UV
short
UV
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 17
18. unfortunately, chlorinated solvents don’t fluoresce
but indicator dyes are a common way to detect DNAPLs
test tube containing moist Fisher sea sand
3 tubes on the right contain dyes mixed in the sand
then TCE was poured in from top
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 18
19. unfortunately, chlorinated solvents don’t fluoresce
but indicator dyes are a common way to detect DNAPLs
test tube containing moist Fisher sea sand
3 tubes on the right contain dyes mixed in the sand
then TCE was poured in from top
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 19
20. unfortunately, chlorinated solvents don’t fluoresce
but indicator dyes are a common way to detect DNAPLs
test tube containing moist Fisher sea sand
3 tubes on the right contain dyes mixed in the sand
then TCE was poured in from top
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 20
21. unfortunately, chlorinated solvents don’t fluoresce
but indicator dyes are a common way to detect DNAPLs
test tube containing moist Fisher sea sand
3 tubes on the right contain dyes mixed in the sand
then TCE was poured in from top
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 21
22. ‘DYE-LIF’ probe
• simple “add-on” to mature
LIF technology
• port below sapphire window
introduces a DNAPL
fluorescing dye
• once solvated in DNAPL, the
dye fluoresces, allowing for
detection with conventional
LIF system
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 22
23. recent prototypes
sapphire window
dye injection port
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 23
24. TarGOST HD?
High Definition or High Density OST
because it might well be necessary to spot tiny DNAPL ‘ganglia’
test pattern printed on poster stock scanned past sapphire window at 2cm/sec
resulting TG-HD log of fluorescing paper lines detected down to .005” wide!
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 24
25. quantitative (and temporal) results for TCE
TarGOST HD™ log • 200 ul of dye solution placed on sapphire window ‘miniwells’
• sand/TCE samples then placed on the sapphire window over
top of dye solution – a backwards simulation of dye solution
being injected into the sand/TCE
• ~ 3seconds elapsed time in each sample zone demonstrates
fast ‘melt’ of dye into TCE… more than the time needed for
window to travel down to meet injected dye
• TarGOST HD necessary to capture the ‘melting’
phenomenon
fluorescence-only data from log at left
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 25
26. DYE-LIF bucket tests
• DNAPL loaded onto moist Fisher Scientific
sea sand
• ~1 inch thick sand ‘disks’ of DNAPL/sand
• wrapped in thin aluminum foil that was
readily punched through but allows any
sloughing as if no container existed
2 bucket experiments:
• single disk – PCE at 50% pore saturation
• stacked 3 disks – TCE at 35%, 17, and 9%
saturation – 1 inch between the 3 disks
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 26
27. DYE-LIF bucket test logs
single PCE/sand disk buried in bucket of sand 3 TCE/sand disks buried in bucket of sand
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 27
28. DYE-LIF ‘selectivity’
• some dyes solvate readly in
chlorinateds, not petroleum, clean soil
and vice versa
TCE
• solubility of dyes varies with
organic solvent gasoline
• should allow for tailoring for kerosene
a selective response
PCE
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 28
29. NNLS fitting to ‘find the dye’
vs. natural and manmade fluorophores
dye waveforms will often differ from tar, creosote, or oil waveforms
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 29
30. NNLS fitting to ‘find the dye’
vs. natural and manmade fluorophores
contaminants now in digitally separate data sets… can be combined, parsed, visualized
process can be implemented in real time for field discernment between chlorinated DNAPL, PAHs, etc.
chlorinateds
PAHs
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 30
31. Some questions to ponder:
Q: say goodbye to Geoprobe® MIP?
A: hardly… as is the case with traditional LIF, DYE-LIF will respond only to
source term NAPL – it won’t ‘follow the scent trail’ like MIP can. DYE-LIF
will be brought in to characterize/confirm DNAPL in high probability zones
Q: Will we finally find those needles in the haystack?
A: Yes… if they exist. Some claim that most DNAPL ganglia dissolved years
ago and now it’s only back-diffusion that’s providing the high dissolved
phase concentrations. I guess we’re fixing to find out!
Q: When will it be commercialized?
A: Available early 2011 for select test sites. ESTCP-funded testing at AF sites
from 2011-2013 teamed with AMEC Geomatrix and Guelph University.
Likely to undergo a transition from a Dakota service to productization much
like UVOST.
Q: How do you plan to “prove” that the DYE-LIF works?
A: Good question. Would like to get feedback/ideas!
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 31
32. Thank you!
Randy St. Germain, President
stgermain@dakotatechnologies.com
Dakota Technologies, Inc.
2201-A 12th St. N.
Fargo, ND 58102
Phone: 701-237-4908
www.dakotatechnologies.com
2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition 32