The document explains two methods of conveying speech: direct speech, which uses the speaker's exact words and requires specific punctuation, and indirect speech, which paraphrases the speaker's words without quotes and may involve tense and pronoun changes. Guidelines for converting between direct and indirect speech are provided, along with examples for clarity. Additionally, it includes activities for practice in converting speech forms.

1. DIRECT AND INDIRECT
SPEECH

2. There are two ways to relay
what someone has said:
1. Direct Speech
2. Indirect Speech (Reported
Speech)

3. Direct Speech
• In DIRECT SPEECH we use the speaker’s own words and there is no
change in these words.
• When using direct speech in your writing you need to use the
correct punctuation.
• The exact words need to be enclosed in inverted commas “ “
• The first word of the speech needs to start with a capital letter.
• The words in the speech marks has to be separated from the rest of
the sentence with a comma.
• Example: She asked, "What time will you be home?"

4. Indirect Speech
• We do not use the direct words of the speaker. Instead we
report what was said.
• We do not add inverted commas when reporting what
someone has said.
• In indirect speech, the tense and pronouns may change,
depending on the context of the sentence.
• In indirect speech, the writer rephrases the speaker’s words.
• Example: John said that he was going to the store.

5. How to Convert Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
• Remove the quotation marks.
• Use a reporting verb to introduce the indirect speech.
• Change the tense of the verb in the quote if necessary.
• Change the pronouns if necessary.
• Use the appropriate conjunction if necessary.
• Here is an example of converting direct speech to indirect speech:
• Direct speech: “I am going to the store,” said John.
• Indirect speech: John said that he was going to the store.

6. How to Convert Indirect Speech to Direct Speech
• Remove the reporting verb.
• Use quotation marks to enclose the direct speech.
• Maintain the tense of the verb in the quote.
• Use the same pronouns as the original quote.
• Direct: She said, “Her sister can dance.”
• Indirect: She said that her sister could dance.

7. Activity:
Convert the following sentences
from indirect to direct speech.
1. Mary exclaimed that she
loves ice-cream.
2. Sarah said that the
weather was beautiful that
day.
3. John said that he was
going to the store.
Convert the following
sentences from direct speech
to indirect speech.
1. “German is easy to
learn”, she said.
2. He said, “I am writing
letters.”
3. ”Where is the post
office?” asked the stranger.