RISJ Digital News Report 2020 Summary

@risj_oxford | #DNR20
Reuters Institute
Digital News Report 2020
You are welcome to use the data and slides in this report for
any purpose (commercial or non-commercial) in return for
simple attribution under a Creative Commons license
Please cite as: Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen.
2020. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.

World’s biggest ongoing news survey
80,000
respondents
40 Markets
1
2
4
6
5
3
Continents
6

Methodology
RESEARCH CONDUCTED ONLINE IN JANUARY/EARLY FEBRUARY 2020
3
Country Sample size
Internet
penetration
UK 2,011 95%
Austria 2,005 88%
Belgium 2,010 94%
Bulgaria 2,006 67%
Croatia 2,009 92%
Czech Rep. 2,006 88%
Denmark 2,061 98%
Finland 2,050 94%
France 2,038 92%
Germany 2,011 96%
Greece* 2,015 73%
Hungary 2,011 89%
Netherlands 2,014 96%
Country Sample size Internet penetration
Norway 2,010 98%
Poland 2,008 78%
Portugal 2,012 78%
Romania 2,017 74%
Slovakia 2,018 85%
Spain 2,006 93%
Sweden 2,091 96%
Switzerland 2,012 94%
Turkey* 2,017 83%
USA 2,055 89%
Argentina* 2,007 93%
Brazil* 2,058 71%
Canada 2,002 93%
Country Sample size
Internet
penetration
Chile* 2,005 77%
Mexico* 2,023 66%
Australia 2,131 89%
Hong Kong 2,023 89%
Japan 2,006 93%
Malaysia* 2,013 81%
Philippines* 2,019 72%
Singapore 2.014 88%
South Korea 2,304 96%
Taiwan 1,027 93%
Kenya (18-54)* 2,003 87%
South Africa* 2,006 55%
Polling by Supported by
*more urban samples
RISJ Digital News Report 2020

Headlines
RISJ Digital News Report 2020 4
Coronavirus has
increased demand
for news but
economics more
uncertain
More people
subscribing or
donating to news
but this is unlikely
to work for all
Trust in the news
continues to fall,
with partisanship a
key factor. How to
rebuild trust?
Most people blame
politicians, but some
blame the media
Curated editorial
products are
helping to engage
audiences young
and old
MISINFORMATION

Impact of lockdowns on news habits …
5
Average weekly reach for news across six
countries Jan- April 2020 (UK, US, Germany,
Spain, S Korea, Argentina)
BBC Bulletins up 30% in April
Online news
+2
Social media
+5
Print
-2
TV NEWS
+16
INCREASE
Jan- Apr UK
ACROSS SIX COUNTRIES
TV news
+5

Impact of lockdowns – GERMANY
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Jan-20 Apr-20
SOURCES OF NEWS 2013-20, GERMANY - % accessing weekly
TV Print Online (incl. social media) Social media
82%
66%
63%
18%
TV
Social
Print
70%
70%
33%
34%
26%
39%
69%
72%

Online traffic also up - before falling back
SOME TRUSTED BRANDS BENEFIT DISPROPORTIONATELY
SOURCE: BBC. Note: Unique browsers does not necessarily equate to people as they can be related to different devices or web browsers
NumberofdailyUKuniquebrowsers
01
Jan
2020
08 Jan
2020
15 Jan
2020
22 Jan
2020
29 Jan
2020
05 Feb
2020
12 Feb
2020
19 Feb
2020
26 Feb
2020
04 Mar
2020
11 Mar
2020
18 Mar
2020
25 Mar
2020
01 Apr
2020
08 Apr
2020
15 Apr
2020
22 Apr
2020
29 Apr
2020
0
5 Million
10 Million
15 Million
20 Million
25 Million
30 Million
UK traffic to BBC News website – unique browsers
SOCIAL DISTANCING AND LOCKDOWN
12 March
Government
announces first
shielding measures
6 April
Boris Johnson
admitted to
hosital
Number of daily
browsers initially
doubles before
falling back

Paying for online news

More people are paying for online news
9
Of these, majority now paying for digital-only subscriptions
Q7a. Have you paid for ONLINE news content, or
accessed a paid for ONLINE news service in the last
year?
Base: Total sample in each market = 2000.

Proportion that paid for any online news in last year 2014-20
Selected countries
Q7a. Have you paid for ONLINE news
content, or accessed a paid for ONLINE news
service in the last year? Total 2014–20
samples ≈ 2000. Note: 9 country average
includes USA, UK, France, Spain, Italy,
Germany, Denmark, Japan, and Finland.

Winner takes most dynamics persisting
11
…. In Norway and United States many now combine with local newspaper or specialist title
PAY3. You said that you currently have
access to a single news brand. Please list all
of the online brands you’d normally have to
pay for that you currently have access to.
Base: All who have access to a single news
brand: USA = 584, UK = 269, Norway = 751
Top paid brands – UK, US and Norway
Getting on for half of subscriptions going to a few big national brands

Why do people subscribe?
12
DISTINCTIVE CONTENT
“I believe support of quality journalism is important and I think the Atlantic is quality
journalism” - M,38, The Atlantic subscriber
CONVENIENCE/PRICE
“I have an excellent discount with my Prime subscription and with the
excellent reporting …there's no reason not to continue it” -
F,64 Washington Post
SUPPORT JOURNALISM (MISSION)
“It's never been a more important time to fund great,
vetted journalism like the Times and the Post” -
F,59, New York Times subscriber
65% USA
64% UK
44% Norway
57% USA
58% UK
51% Norway
52% USA
39% UK
21% Norway

Churn at similar level to Netflix/Spotify etc

What might persuade non payers to pay for online news?
14
“It is too expensive. I felt there was nothing I couldn't get for free on Apple News”
Female, 19, UK
Lower price and greater convenience look the most likely options but nothing would persuade many…
MORE VALUABLE
CONTENT
AD-FREE CHEAPER/FLEXIBLE NOTHING
35% USA
30% UK
47% Norway
16% USA
9% UK
23% Norway
50% UK
40% USA
19% Norway
14% USA
14% UK
16% Norway

Donation and memberships on the rise
15
Around 4% donate to a news organisations in the United States, 3% in Spain and 1% in the UK

Donation and memberships on the rise
16
Proportion that donated to each brand – UK, US and Norway
Around 4% donate to a news organisations in the United States, 3% in Spain and 1% in the UK

Proportion that think registering with a news outlet is a fair
trade off for free access
Proportion that have done each to get around news paywalls

Regional & Local News

Proportion very or extremely interested in local news
19
All Markets
Across 40 markets 47% say they are
very or extremely interested in local
news.

Proportion very or extremely interested in local news by
age
20
Selected Countries

Proportion that use each as a source for local news
21
All Markets
Selected Countries

Local newspapers would be missed when they are gone ...
22
Proportion of readers that would miss paper ‘a lot’
L4_2020. How much would you miss your local newspaper/website if it went out of business?
Showing code ‘a lot’. Base: Those who consume local newspapers in last week. Germany = 1136, Norway = 1283, US = 730, UK =
835.
But they are valued more in some countries than others

Trust in the news

Trust news overall Trust news I use Trust news in search Trust news in social
38%
(-4)
46%
(-3)
31%
(-1)
22%
(-1)
Q6_2016_1/_6/_2/_3. Thinking about news in general , do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - I think you can trust most
news most of the time/ the news I consume / the news in social media / the news in search engine. Base: All 40 Markets: 80155
Trust in the news is down across the board
24
Falls in all measures of trust this year when compared with 2019

56% 56% 55%
52% 51% 50%
48% 48%
46% 45% 45% 45% 45% 44% 44%
40% 39% 39% 38% 38% 38% 37% 36% 36%
33% 33% 33%
30% 30% 29% 29% 28% 28% 28% 27% 27%
25% 24% 23%
21%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
FIN POR TUR NLD BRA KEN ZA IRE DEN GER NOR POL BEL CAN SUI AUT CRO MEX SWE AUS ROU JPN SPA SGN CZE ARG BRG CHL HK ITA USA GRE SVK UK HUN PHL MYS TWN FRA KOR
Trust in the news is down across the board
Less than four-in-ten 38% (-4) say they trust most news most of the time most
news most of the time. Big falls countries where politics and the media is divided
-12
-15
-16
-3
-11
-8
-11 -6
-7
-11 -3
-4
Q6_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: I think you can trust most news most of the time. Showing agrees/strongly agrees. Base: Total sample in each market 2020

Big fall in trust by those who self-identify on the left -UK
26
Q6_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: - I think
you can trust most news most of the time. Base: UK=2011, Left=352, Right=260
Trust in the news by political allegiance 2015-2020
46%
39%
37%
39% 38%
15%
58%
57%
50%
42% 41%
36%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Left
Right
Brexit vote Divisive 2019 Election
Trust in the
news overall
28%
(-12)

27
TRUST IN THE NEWS
OVERALL
29% (-3)
35% 34%
51% 49% 53%
39%
25% 23%
20% 17%
9%
13%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Left Right
New election cycleTrump elected
Q6_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: - I think you can trust most news most of the time. Base: US=2055, Left=507, Right=458
In the US, those on the right have lower trust in the news
Trust in the news by political allegiance 2015-2020, United States

Neutral or partial news?

Most prefer news with no point of view
29
15% 17%
13% 14%
34%
30%
43%
80% 78% 76%
68%
55%
60%
51%
5% 6%
11%
18%
11% 10%
6%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Germany Japan UK Denmark Spain US Brazil
Share your point of view No point of view Challenge your point of view
Q5c_2013. Thinking about the different kinds of news available to you, do you prefer getting news from sources that share/challenge/have no point of view
Base: Total sample in each country (excluding DKs), US=1760, UK=1659, Germany=1624, France=1437, Italy=1762, Spain=1756, Denmark=1611, Japan=1538,
Brazil=1901
Given the choice majority say they prefer news that at least tries to be neutral. Preference
is strongest in countries with strong tradition of impartial public broadcasting

30
8% 20% 21%
81%
69% 70%
11% 11% 9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TV News Social media Printed newspapers
Share point of view No point of view Challenge point of view
42%
35%
28%
51%
56%
66%
7% 8%
6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TV News (24 hour) Social media Printed newspapers
UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM
Neutral or partial news by main source
In the US those that use TV news (CNN Fox etc.) as a main source are most likely to prefer partial news,
more than social media. In the UK those that use TV (BBC, ITV etc.) are most likely to say they prefer news
with no point of view

31
33%
43%
28%
56%
49%
58%
10% 9%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TV news Social media Printed newspapers
43%
47%
41%
52%
48% 49%
5% 5%
10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TV news Social media Printed newspapers
SPAIN BRAZIL
Neutral or partial news by main source
In Spain and Brazil, we see all three media sources being associated with a preference for partial news – and social
media playing the biggest role.

32%
51%
17%
34%
52%
14%
31%
57%
12%
26%
62%
11%
24%
66%
10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+
Q5c_2013. Thinking about the different kinds of news available to you, do you prefer…
Base: 18-24 = 8639, 25-24= 12603, 35-44 = 12643, 45-54 = 11605, 55+ = 23773
Neutral or partial news by age
Partial or impartial by age – All countries
Young people are less committed to news with no point of view and more interested in news that shares their
point of view

Misinformation

Proportion concerned about what is real and fake when it
come to news on the internet
Highest concern in Brazil, lowest in the Netherlands

35
40%
Most concerned about
behaviour of politicians
ALL COUNTRIES
More people are concerned about false or misleading
information from politicians than any other sources
14%
behaviour of activists
13%
behaviour of journalists
10%
behaviour of
foreign governments
13%
behaviour of
ordinary people
Q_FAKE_NEWS_2020b. Which of the following, if any, are you most concerned about online? False or misleading information from… Base: Total sample = 80155.

Left more concerned about politicians (e.g. Trump),
right more likely to blame the news media
36
Q_FAKE_NEWS_2020b. Which of the following, if any, are you most concerned about online?
Please select one. False or misleading information from…Base: US=2055, UK=2011
49%
9%
35%
43%
0%
25%
50%
Domestic politicians/parties Journalists and news
organisations
Proportion most concerned about each
Left Right
United States
61%
11%
27%
17%
0%
25%
50%
Domestic politicians/parties Journalists and news
organisations
Proportion most concerned about each
Left Right
United Kingdom

Channels of misinformation?
37
Facebook or WhatsApp are seen as biggest conduit for misinformation in almost every country
More in … Philippines,
Denmark, Italy,
More in … Brazil, Kenya,
Mexico, Spain
More in … S Korea,
Taiwan
More in … Japan,
Germany
More in … Turkey, Japan
29%
Facebook
14%
Messenger apps
10%
Search e.g. Google
6%
YouTube
6%
Twitter
Proportion who find each most concerning as platform for potentially false or misleading information

Networks generating most concern around the world
38
FAKE_NEWS_2020c. Which of the following, if any, are you most concerned about online? Please select
one. False or misleading information from…Base: Total sample in each market = 2000; Taiwan = 1027.

39
47%
35%
10%
6%
29%
24%
6% 5%
31%
12%
4% 7%2% 7% 4%
32%
7% 3%
15%
7%
7%
9%
25%
35%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Philippines USA Korea Japan Kenya Brazil
Facebook YouTube Twitter Messaging (e.g. WhatsApp)
FAKE_NEWS_2020c. Which of the following, if any, are you most concerned about online? Please select one. False or misleading information from
Base Total Sample in each country: Philippines =2019, US=2055, S Korea=2304, Japan=2006, Kenya=2003, Brazil=2058
Most concerning platform for false and misleading information
SELECTED COUNTRIES

Should we block
unreliable information?

52%
Report prominently
“Report the statement
prominently because it is
important for the public to
know what the politician said”
29%
Not
emphasise
“Not emphasise the
statement because it
would give the politician
unwarranted attention”
19%
Don’t
know
More interested and educated more likely to want media to report prominently so can make up own mind
Majority feel news media have a duty to report
statements by politicians (even if unreliable)
J1_2020. Thinking about how the news media covers politics, if a politician makes a statement that could be false, which comes closer to your view about what the
news media should do? Base: all markets.

Those interested in politics are more in favour of the
news media reporting a politician’s statements (even
if unreliable)
J1_2020. Thinking about how the news media covers politics, if a politician makes a statement that could be false, which comes closer to your view about what the
news media should do? Base: Not at all/Not very/Somewhat/Very/Extremely interested in politics: All markets: 6212/15809/28790/19790/9599.

58%
Block ads
“Allow the advertisement
because it's not up to
technology companies to
decide what is true”
26%
Allow ads
“Block the advertisement
because technology companies
should be responsible for
making sure information on
their platform is true”
19%
Don’t know
Majority feel social media should block political
advertisements if could be unreliable …
J3_2020. Thinking about the responsibility of technology companies like Facebook, Google or Twitter, if a politician or political party takes out an advertisement that
could be inaccurate, which comes closer to your view about what technology companies should do? Base: all markets.

Gateways and devices

Gateways to news - all ages
Side door access continues to grow

Gateways to news – younger audiences
Side door access continues to grow

Q12a. Which, if any, of the following have you used for any purpose in the last week? Please select all that apply
Base: ‘Main’ 12 market average: UK, USA, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Brazil & Japan (10 market average for 2014 exl Australia & Ireland)
Social networks for any purpose – over time
AVERAGE OF 12 COUNTRIES
• Biggest growth for
WhatsApp and
Instagram
• Facebook Inc 85%
reach

Q12B. Which, if any, of the following have you used for news in the last week? Please select all that apply
Base: ‘Main’ 12 market average: UK, USA, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Brazil & Japan (10 market average for 2014 exl Australia & Ireland)
36% 36%
9%
12%
6%
8%
2%
11%
1%
3%
7%
16%16%
21%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Social networks for news – over time
AVERAGE OF 12 COUNTRIES
Instagram now almost as important as Twitter for news

15%
25%
35%
45%
55%
65%
75%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Smartphone use continues to grow over time
Spain73%
58%
59%
58%
access news via
smartphone across
all 40 markets
69%
+3
62%
8b Which, if any, of the following devices have you used to access news in the last week?
Base: Total sample in each market
Selected countries
UK
France
USA
Germany

50
8b6_5. You say you use the following devices to access news in the last week, which is your MAIN way of accessing online news?
Base: All who use devices for news, UK = 1778
29%
62%
67%
43%
16%
26%
5%
0%
30%
60%
90%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Smartphone
Computer
Tablet
Smart speaker
Growth of smartphone - UK
% using for news

51
Smart speakers continuing to grow …
but news use remains low

4%
11%
14%
29%
3%
8%
11%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
USA - All
USA - iPhone users
UK - All
UK - iPhone users
Q10c. When using the internet for news, have you used any of the following sites or mobile apps that aggregate different news links in the last week?
Selected: Apple News (the app called News or the news stories that appear on the today screen of an iPhone, iPad)
Base: All USA: 2,055; USA Apple Smartphone news users: 530; UK:2011; UK Apple Smartphone news users: 583
Reach of Apple News with iPhone users (and all) 2016-
2020

United States 17% 11% 3% 4%
United Kingdom 6% 8% 2% 2%
Germany 14% 5% 5% 2%
France 20% 5% 3% 2%
Spain NA 7% 6% 5%
Japan 21% 5% 2% 1%
ALL COUNTRIES 23% 7% 5% 3%
Apple News
Reach of mobile aggregators in the last week
SELECTED COUNTRIES
Q10c. When using the internet for news, have you used any of the following sites or mobile apps that aggregate different news
links in the last week? Base: All markets 2020– USA: 2,055; UK: 2,011; Germany: 2,011; France: 2,038; Spain: 2,006; Japan: 2,006

54
Email and mobile notifications – weekly use over time
SELECTED COUNTRIES
Q10. Thinking about how you got news online (via computer, mobile
or any device) in the last week, which were the ways in which you
came across news stories? Please select all that apply. Got news via an
email newsletter or email alert.
Base: All markets 2020 – USA: 2,055; UK: 2,011; France: 2,038; Spain:
2,006; Finland: 2,050;

Email news

Proportion that accessed news via email in the last week
56
All Markets
Q10. Thinking about how you got news online (via computer, mobile, or any device) in the last week, which were the ways in which you came across news stories? Please select all that
apply. Showing email newsletter or email alert code. Base: All markets 2020 = approx. 2000.

Email newsletters
57
60%
38%
23%
20%
20%
19%
15%
Daily general news
Local news
Business news
Science/Environment
Sports email
Technology
Specialist email relating to my work
Newsletters that arrive at a regular time each day or each week
Morning update has 17m subscribers, daily host
16% get news via email across countries, 21% in the United States

Proportion that accessed news via email and mobile
notifications in the last week by age
58RISJ Digital News Report 2020
Q10. Thinking about how you got news online (via computer, mobile, or any device) in the last week, which were the ways in
which you came across news stories? Please select all that apply. Got news via an email newsletter or mobile notification. Base:
USA 2055, 18–24 = 248, 25–34 = 369, 35–44 = 339, 45–54 = 238, 55+ = 860.
USA

Average number of emails users receive from different
news organisations
59RISJ Digital News Report 2020Q10b_EMAIL_2020. You say you get news via an email newsletter or alert. Roughly how many different organisations send you
news related emails each week? Base: Those who get news via an email newsletter or alert: USA = 420; UK = 188, Belgium =

Podcasts

Podcasts provide convenient audio briefing
61
A third use podcasts regularly across 20 countries, news now a key part of the mix

Proportion that used podcasts monthly and radio news weekly
by age - UK

Podcasts provide convenient audio briefing
63
50% say podcasts give deeper understanding of
issues than other types of media
31% use podcasts regularly across 20 countries, news now a key part of the mix

Proportion that used each type of podcast in the last
month by age - US

Proportion of podcast listeners that use each platform
65
Selected Countries
POD2. Which of the following apps or websites do you mainly use to find Base: All that listened to podcasts in the last month: UK = 440, USA
=746

Proportion of podcast listeners that use each platform
66
Selected Countries
POD2. Which of the following apps or websites do you mainly use to find Base: All that listened to podcasts in the last month: Sweden = 741.,
Australia=690

Audio and video
preferences

Proportion that prefer to read, watch or listen online
BY REGION
BY EDUCATION

69
Net: Any shown Note Turkey is an urban sample which will inflate usage figures
95%93%
89%89%88%
84%
81%80%79%79%79%77%77%76%75%73%71%70%70%69%68%
64%63%62%62%62%61%60%
57%55%54%53%53%51%49%48%48%
43%41%39%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TUR KEN PHL HK MEX BRA ZA BRG TWN CHL MYS KOR CRO GRE POL ROU SVK HUN ARG SGN SPA CZE ITA POR CAN IRE USA AUS SUI NOR FIN AUT BEL JPN NLD FRA SWE GER DEN UK
67% consume video
news online weekly
AVERAGE OF 40 MARKETS
Q11_VIDEO. Thinking about consuming online news video (of any kind) over the last week, which of the following did you do? Please select all that apply. Net: Any Base: Total sample in each market 2020. Note: Turkey and Kenya are urban
samples that will inflate figures
Proportion accessing video news weekly
ALL MARKETS

Proportion that accessed online news videos via each
platform in the last week - Hong Kong and UK

News & Climate Change

Proportion that think climate change is very or extremely
serious – All markets

Proportion that think climate change is very or extremely
serious by political leaning

Sources of Climate Change News

Proportion that says media provide accurate information
on climate change – All markets

Country and market data
EUROPE

Reach of UK news brands (offline and online )

United Kingdom – Changing media

Austria – Changing media

Austria – Trust

Belgium – Weekly Reach (French)

Belgium – Changing Media

Belgium – Trust

RISJ Digital News Report 2020 87RISJ Digital News Report 2020 61

Bulgaria – Changing media

Bulgaria – Trust

Croatia – Changing media

Croatia – Trust

Czech Republic – Changing media

Czech Republic-Trust

Denmark – Changing media

Denmark - Trust

Finland – Changing media

Finland – Trust

France – Changing media

France – Trust

Germany – Changing media

Germany – Trust

Greece – Changing media

Greece – Trust

Hungary – Changing media

Hungary – Trust

Ireland – Changing media

Ireland – Trust

Italy – Changing media

Italy – Trust

Netherlands – Changing media

Netherlands – Trust

Norway – Changing media

Norway – Trust

Poland – Changing media

Poland – Trust

Portugal – Changing media

Portugal – Trust

Romania – Changing media

Romania – Trust

Slovakia – Changing media

Slovakia – Trust

Spain – Changing media

Spain – Trust

Sweden – Changing media

Sweden – Trust

Switzerland – Weekly Reach (French)

Switzerland – Changing media

Switzerland – Trust

Turkey – Changing media

Turkey – Trust

AMERICAS

United States – Changing media

*Data are from more urban areas, rather than a fully nationally representative sample. These will tend to represent richer and more connected users

Argentina – Changing media

Argentina – Trust

Brazil – Changing media

Brazil – Trust

Chile – Changing media

Chile – Trust

Mexico – Changing media

Mexico – Trust

ASIA PACIFIC

Malaysia – Changing media

Malaysia – Trust

Philippines – Changing media

Philippines – Trust

South Korea – Changing media

AFRICA

Kenya – Changing media

Kenya - Trust

South Africa – Changing media

South Africa – Trust

More information at
digitalnewsreport.org
Reuters Institute
Digital News Report 2020
You are welcome to use the data and slides in this report for any
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Please cite as: Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, Rasmus Kleis
Nielsen. 2020. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of

RISJ Digital News Report 2020 Summary

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RISJ Digital News Report 2020 Summary

Editor's Notes