This presentation is based on collection of data of different sources of energy found in India. Then the main focus of this presentation is on Bihar's different sources of energy. This presentation is filled with many photos and many creative work to make it look more attractive.

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2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my
teachers, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project of science on “Availability of Different Source
of Energy”, who also helped me in completing my project. I
came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to
them. Secondly I would also like to thank my parents who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time fare.
Cdt.Akash Ranjan
Class X
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3. This is to certify that “Akash Ranjan” student of class-10th ‘B’
has successfully completed their science project on the topic
“Availability of Different Source of Energy” provided by the
science teacher under the guidance of the science teacher during
the academic session 2022-23 as per the guide lines issued by
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
Teacher signature
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4. Acknowledgement
Certificate
Introduction
Sources of Energy
Energy from Water
Energy from Biomass
Solar Energy
Coal
Types of Coal
Thermal Power Plant in Bihar
How electricity reaches our home step by step
Role of forest in providing Biomass
Data of area study
Forest and Energy linkage
Bibliography
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5. INTRODUCTION
There are different alternative sources of energy that are used in India to generate power. While other
sources are being discovered all the time, none of them has reached the stage where they can be used to
provide the power to help modern life function.
All of these different sources of energy are used primarily to produce electricity. The world runs on a
series of electrical reactions – whether you are talking about the car you are driving or the light you are
turning on all of these different sources of energy add to the store of electrical power that is then sent out
to different locations via high powered lines.
BIHAR
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest
state by population and twelfth-largest by territory,
with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi). Bihar
borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north,
the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and
with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by
the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Bihar
is also the world's fourth-most populous sub national
entity.
What is the source of electricity in Bihar?
At present, the installed capacity of Bihar (as of
December 2010) is 1855.23 MW, which comprises
1661.70 MW (90 %) from thermal, 129.43 MW (7 %)
from hydropower, only 64.10 MW (3 %) from
renewable energy (mainly from small hydro and
biomass).
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6. Sources of energy
Energy is used to power the devices we use
for heat and light in our homes, for
transportation and for the manufacture of all
kinds of products. The primary use of these
different sources of energy is to produce
electricity. All these different sources of
energy add to the store of electrical power
that is then sent out to different locations via
high powered lines.
There are 9 Main Different Sources of
Energy:-
Solar energy
Wind energy
Geothermal energy
Hydrogen energy
Tidal energy
Wave energy
Hydroelectric energy
Biomass energy
Nuclear power energy 6

7. Energy from water
The falling water rotates blades of a turbine, which then
spins a generator that converts the mechanical energy of
the spinning turbine into electrical energy. Hydroelectric
power is a significant component of electricity
production worldwide
Bihar govt signs MoU for setting up state’s biggest
hydroelectric plant
Moving ahead in its mission to generate green energy,
the Bihar government signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the National Hydroelectric
Power Corporation Limited (NHPC) for setting up the
state’s biggest hydroelectric power generation plant,
Dagmara multipurpose hydropower project, on Kosi river
in Supaul district
Kosi hydel energy
Kosi Hydroelectric Project is located in the Supaul/
Saharsa district of Bihar. Kosi Hydroelectric Project has
an approved and installed capacity of 20 Megawatt. The
type of project is small, that is between the range of 3
and 25 Megawatt. The status of the power plant is
Operational. The source of water for the generation of
hydroelectric power is Kosi, which is a tributary of
Ganga. The basin is Ganga and the hydroelectric region
is Eastern Hydroelectric Region.
Kosi hydel energy
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8. Energy from Biomass
The dead parts of plants and trees, and the waste
material of animals are called biomass. Biomass is the
organic matter which is used as a fuel to produce energy.
Biomass includes wood, agricultural wastes (crop residues)
and cow-dung. Biomass is another form in which solar
energy manifests itself. This is because all the plants and
trees which provide biomass (like wood) used sun’s energy
to grow. Even the animal wastes (like cow-dung) are given
by cattle who grew by consuming plant food made with the
help of sunlight energy. Since the fuels like wood,
agricultural wastes and cow-dung are all plant and animal
products, so they are called biomass (or biofuels)..
Bihar’s first biomass based multi-fuel captive power plant,
being setup by the new paper unit, is likely to come up at
Giddha industrial growth center near Ara.
This plant will use rice husk for electricity generation.
When rice husk is not available, the plant will be run by coal,
according to general secretary of Bihar industry.
The Bihar renewable energy development has already
announced that the state has potential to generate 200mw
power through biomass-based multi-fuel captive power plant.
With such a huge potential, around 1500 small scale
industry and many micro industries could from such plants in
future.
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9. Solar Energy :
The energy produced by the sun in the form of heat and light energy is called as
solar energy. Solar radiations can be converted electricity through solar cells
(Photovoltaic cells). Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiations directly into electricity
through silicon solar cells
Advantages Disadvantages
Reduces electricity bills Weather dependent
Low maintenance cost Solar energy storage is expensive
Technology development Uses a lot of space.
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10. Coal is a combustible black
or brownish-black sedimentary
rock with a high amount of
carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal
is classified as a nonrenewable
energy source because it takes
millions of years to form. Coal
contains the energy stored by
plants that lived hundreds of
millions of years ago in
swampy forests.
Layers of dirt and rock
covered the plants over millions
of years. The resulting pressure
and heat turned the plants into
the substance we call coal. 10

11. Coals formed can be of four types depending on the amount of
hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen.
They are classified into four types:-
1) Anthracite
Anthracite is the highest rank of ignitable coal. It is hard, black
and glossy, and as a natural smokeless fuel, is used primarily for
residential and commercial space heating.
Anthracite contains 86%–97% carbon and generally has the
highest heating value of all ranks of coal.
CHEMICAL REACTION:-
Anthracite found to ignite with some difficulty(due to low
volatile content)and also burns with blue colour smokeless and
short flame.
It is used as reducing agent in chemical reaction, ferro alloys,
smelters, Steel plants and pellet plants etc in electrical energy and
industry rather than heating.
2) Bituminous
Formed from compressed lignite, bituminous coals are a dense,
sedimentary rock which is usually black in colour, but can
sometimes be a dark brown. These coals are widely used in the
manufacturing of briquettes, and are also used in power stations,
for heat and power applications in manufacturing, and to make
coke.
Bituminous coal contains 45%–86% carbon.
ANTHRACITE COAL
Bituminous COAL
TYPES OF COAL
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12. CHEMICAL REACTION:-
The heat produced by the combustion of the coal is used to convert water
into high pressure steam, which drives a turbine which produces electricity.
A major problem associated with the burning of bituminous coal is air
pollution. Burning bituminous coal with a high sulphur content releases
sulphur oxide into the air.
3) Sub-Bituminous
Subbituminous coal typically contains 35%–45% carbon, and it has a lower
heating value than bituminous coal.
The properties of this type are between those of lignite, the lowest grade of
coal, and those of bituminous coal, the second-highest grade of coal.
CHEMICAL REACTION
Sub-bituminous coal typically has a sulphur content less than 1% by weight,
which makes them an attractive choice for power plants to reduce SO2 under
the emission program
4) Lignite
Lignite is formed from compressed peat, and is often referred to as brown
coal. Lignite is a low ranking and highly volatile coal which is used mainly in
power stations.
Lignite contains 25%–35% carbon and has the lowest energy content of all
coal ranks.
CHEMICAL REACTION
Lignite, waste oil and MPW is fed into a reactor, where a gasification reaction
takes place supported with oxygen and steam. Like many process discuss
before, this results in hydrogen and CO (synthesis gas), liquid hydrocarbons
and effluent. The syngas is used for production of methanol (70%) and
electricity (20%) and some other purpose.
Sub-Bituminous
COAL
Lignite COAL
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13. Barauni Thermal Power Station
The current installed capacity of this
power plant is 470 MW and in future the
plant will have a total capacity of 720
MW with projects of 250 MW under
construction.
Barh Super Thermal Power Plant
The current installed capacity of this
power plant is 1320 MW and in future
the plant will have a total capacity of
3300 MW with projects of 1980 MW
under construction.
Buxar thermal power plant
This is an upcoming power plant with a
planned capacity of 1320 MW. Larsen &
Toubro Limited holds the contract for the
construction, at an estimated cost of Rs
7,490 crores. It is scheduled to open in
2023.
Kanti Thermal Power Station
The current installed capacity of this
power plant is 610 MW. The plant is also
known as George Fernandes Thermal
Power Plant Station.
THERMAL POWER PLANT IN BIHAR BARAUNI THERMAL POWER PLANT
KANTI THERMAL POWER PLANT
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14. Nabinagar Super Thermal Power Project
The current installed capacity of this power plant is 660 MW
and in future the plant will have a total capacity of 4380 MW
with projects of 3720 MW under construction.
Nabinagar Thermal Power Project
The current installed capacity of this power plant is 750 MW
and in future the plant will have a total capacity of 1000 MW
with projects of 250 MW under construction.
Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Station
The current installed capacity of this power plant is 2340 MW
and it is located in Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur, Bihar.
Nabinagar Super Thermal Power Project
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Energy harnessed from Power Plant
Traditional thermal power plants: also called combustion
power plants, they operate with energy produced by a steam
boiler fueled by coal, natural gas, heating oil, as well as by
biomass. The steam activates a turbine which, in turn, drives an
alternator to produce electricity.
Combined cycle gas power plants (or steam-gas turbine
plants): these combine a gas turbine and a traditional thermal
plant to generate electricity. Unlike conventional thermal power
plants, the residual energy of the gases is used for another cycle.
This is one of the reasons for which these kind of plants are more
efficient (by 56%), also meaning that they produce lower
CO2 emissions than conventional plants.
Initially, gas is injected into the combustion turbine. It generates
steam, which is then supplied to another turbine. The combustion
turbine and steam turbine work in tandem to turn one or more
alternators, which produce electricity.

15. Here's how electricity gets to our house step by step:
1) Electricity is made at a generating station by huge generators. Generating stations can use
wind, coal, natural gas, or water.
2) The current is sent through transformers to increase the voltage to push the power long
distances.
3) The electrical charge goes through high-voltage transmission lines that stretch across the
country.
4) It reaches a substation, where the voltage is lowered so it can be sent on smaller power lines.
5) It travels through distribution lines to your neighborhood. Smaller transformers reduce the
voltage again to make the power safe to use in our homes. These smaller transformers may be
mounted on the poles, or sitting on the ground (they’re the big green boxes, called pad mount
transformers).
6) It connects to your house and passes through a meter that measures how much your family
uses.
7) The electricity goes to the service panel in your basement or garage, where breakers or fuses
protect the wires inside your house from being overloaded. (Never touch a service panel! It is
only to be operated by your parents or a professional.)
8) The electricity travels through wires inside the walls to the outlets and switches all over your
house.
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16. Role of forest in providing biomass
Bihar has a forest area of 7299km/sq which is 7.75% of total area of the state.
Forest biomass stores close to 80% of all the biomass.
Bihar has total forest biomass of 236.3MT (metric ton) with 184.7MT in a ground biomass and
1.6 below ground biomass.
The woody biomass extracted from this forest . Woody biomass can be converted into useful
forms of energy (heat or electricity) valuable bio-based fuels (i.e. .solid liquid or gaseous fuel), or
other products that is (polymers, bio-plastics, bio-chars, sorbents and acid) using a number of
different processes.
Use of biomass from these also has several advantages like biomass utilization can reduce
forest management cost, help mitigate climate change, reduce risk to life and property, and health
provide a secure , competitive energy source.
Also the forest biomass has cellulose contain which can be used to produce various paper
products, tissues and cellulose a derivative for a wide range of applications.
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Description Area (in km2) Percentage
Forest Area 7,299 7.75%
Very Dense Forest 332 0.35%
Dense Forest 3,260 3.46 %
Open Forest 3,799 3.94 %

17. FOREST
BIOMASS
THERMOCHEMICAL
CONVERSION
PYROLYSIS
GAS/OIL/CHARCOAL
(SOLID FUEL)
GASIFICATION
SYNGAS(H2, CO)
(GASEOUS FUEL)
BIOCHEMICAL
CONVERSION
MICROBIAL
FERMENTATION
ETHANOL/BUTANOL
(LIQUID FUEL)
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
BIOGAS
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
CONVERSION
COMBUSTION
HEAT
(ENERGY)
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BIBLOGRAPHY
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/9702727.cms?utm_source=conte
ntofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_State_Power_Holding_Company_Limited
https://www.swapdial.com/public/knowledge-contents/industrial-data/kosi-
hydroelectric-project/
https://www.alliantenergykids.com/allaboutenergy/howelectricityismade
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/#:~:text=Coal%20is%20a%20combus
tible%20black,years%20ago%20in%20swampy%20forests.
https://www.engie.com/en/activities/thermal-energy/thermal-power-stations
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2013.00012/full
https://twitter.com/cleanmax_ofc/status/1010842943991828480?lang=gl
https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/coal
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Bihar

19. S.No
Aspects Rubrics Marks
a. Content accuracy,
originality and
analysis (2marks)
Project is accurate justifying the given
topic and shows originality.
The content has been analysed very well.
2
The content shows some deviation from the given
topic and lacks originality
Content can be analysed better.
1
b. Presentation and
creativity (2 marks)
The project is very well presented and creativity is
commendable.
2
Presentation could have been more organized with
better creativity.
1
c. Flow chart (2 marks ) Well depicted by covering all aspects 2
Flow chart is not in sync with the content flow 1
d. Comparison Table (2
marks)
The Comparison is factual with a clear depiction of
Rural/Urban area.
2
The table lacks adequate facts 1
e. Inclusion of Art into
the project(2 marks)
Very creative use of art to clarify the data 2
Lack of coordinating Art with the facts given 1
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