Different appendices to numerous material tests offered at Micom Laboratories

of 8
This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written approval of the laboratory. The results herein relate only to the items tested.
556 Avenue Lépine, Dorval, Québec, Canada, H9P 2V6, e-mail : info@micomlab.com
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188
APPENDIX 1: Color & ΔE
L*.a*.b* values: color measurement
L*.a*.b*. coordinates refer to the coordinates of the color in the CIELAB
76 sphere. It is actually a three-dimensional space where the L* axis
represents the “lightness” of the color (Black to white), a* is the green-
red axis and b* is the blue-yellow axis. L* axis goes from 0 (darkest
black) to 100 (brighter white), a* goes from -100 (green) to + 100 (red),
b* goes from -100 (blue) to + 100 (yellow)1
.
ΔE (Delta E): Color difference measurement
In order to quantify the difference between 2 colors, a formula that measures the distance between the 2 colors
was established and called ΔE (Delta E). The formula used to determine the distance between color 1 (L1*, a1*,
b1*) and color 2 (L2*, a2*, b2*) is:
ΔE = [ (L2*- L1*)2
+ (a2*- a1*)2
+ (b2*- b1*)2
] 0.5
It was found that the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)2
is, for most people, at ΔE = 2.3. That means that the
magnitude of difference between 2 colors must be 2.3 or more to be noticed. Over the years, some industries
came up with their own JND value based on specific needs and applications. The 2.3 value is, however, still
widely used as the JND.
Other rating scales can also be found in the litterature:
Scale #13
:
0.0 < ΔE ≤ 0.5: No color difference
0.5 < ΔE ≤ 1.0: Difference only perceivable for experienced observers
1.0 < ΔE ≤ 2.0: Minimal color difference
2.0 < ΔE ≤ 4.0: Perceivable color difference
4.0 < ΔE ≤ 5.0: Significant color difference
5.0 < ΔE : Different colors
Scale #24
:
0 < ΔE ≤ 1 : Observer does not notice the difference
1 < ΔE ≤ 2 : Only experienced observer can notice the difference
2 < ΔE ≤ 3.5 : Unexperienced observer can notice the difference
3.5 < ΔE ≤ 5 : Clear difference in color is noticed
5 < ΔE : Observer notices two different colors
1
a* and b* axis can technically go further than the usual ± 100 range but it never really happens in practice.
2
Mahy et al. (1994)
3
Published by Dr Bela Torok, M.D., Ph.D. (Ophthalmologist) on ResearchGate.net
4
From « colour difference ΔE – A survey » by Mokrzycki W.S., Tatol M., University of Warmia and Mazury, August 2012.

of 8
Report MI-17-9225-m
Customer: Customer Name
Date: 2017-04-10
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188
APPENDIX 2: Evaluation of blistering
Classification of blistering test results according to ASTM D714
Pictures hereafter are from the current version of ASTM D714 (ASTM D714-02(2009))
Size No 2 (Few / Medium / Medium Dense / Dense)

of 8
Report MI-17-9225-m
Date: 2017-04-10
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188

of 8
Report MI-17-9225-m
Date: 2017-04-10
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188
APPENDIX 3: Evaluation of corrosion
Classification of corrosion test results according to ASTM D610
Table hereafter is from the current version of ASTM D610 (ASTM D610-08 (2012))
TABLE 1 Scale and Description of Rust Ratings
Rust Grade Percent of Surface Rusted Spot (S) General (G) Pinpoint (P)
10 Less than or equal to 0.01 percent None
9 Greater than 0.01 percent and up to 0.03 percent 9-S 9-G 9-P
8 Greater than 0.03 percent and up to 0.1 percent 8–S 8–G 8–P
0 Greater than 50 percent None
Rust Distribution Types:
S: Spot Rusting - Spot rusting occurs when the bulk of the rusting is concentrated in a few localized areas
of the painted surface. The visual examples depicting this type of rusting are labeled 9-S thru 1-S (See
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3).
G: General Rusting - General rusting occurs when various size rust spots are randomly distributed across
the surface. The visual examples depicting this type of rusting are labeled 9-G thru 1-G. (See Fig. 1, Fig.
2, and Fig. 3).
P: Pinpoint Rusting - Pinpoint rusting occurs when the rust is distributed across the surface as very small
individual specks of rust. The visual examples depicting this type of rusting are labeled 9-P through 1-P.
(See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3).
H: Hybrid Rusting - An actual rusting surface may be a hybrid of the types of rust distribution depicted in
the visual examples. In this case, report the total percent of rust to classify the surface. 9-H through 1-H.

of 8
Report MI-17-9225-m
Date: 2017-04-10
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188
APPENDIX 4: Evaluation of creepage from scribe
Classification of creepage test results according to ASTM D1654
Table hereafter is from the current version of ASTM D1654 (ASTM D1654-08 (2016))

of 8
Report MI-17-9225-m
Date: 2017-04-10
Phone : 514-633-0078, fax : 514-633-7188
APPENDIX 5: Evaluation of adhesion
Classification of adhesion test results according to ASTM D3359
Table hereafter is from the current version of ASTM D3359 (ASTM D1654-17)
Films and coatings > 125 µm Films and coatings ≤ 125 µm
Method A: “X-cut” Method B: “Lattice pattern”
RATINGS:
5A No peeling or removal
4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at
their intersection
3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm
(1/16 in.) on either side
2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2
mm (1/8 in.) on either side
1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the
tape
0A Removal beyond the area of the X.
RATINGS:
5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth;
none of the squares of the lattice is detached.
4B Small flakes of the coating are detached at
intersections; less than 5 % of the area is affected.
3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along
edges and at intersections of cuts. The area affected
is 5 to 15 % of the lattice.
2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on
parts of the squares. The area affected is 15 to 35 %
of the lattice.
1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in
large ribbons and whole squares have detached.
The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice.
0B Flaking and detachment worse than Classification 1B.

Different appendices to numerous material tests offered at Micom Laboratories

More Related Content

Similar to Different appendices to numerous material tests offered at Micom Laboratories

More from Michel Comtois

Recently uploaded

Different appendices to numerous material tests offered at Micom Laboratories