The document discusses the relationship between diet and dental caries (cavities). It notes that physical properties of food like roughness can help clean teeth while soft, sticky foods cling to teeth and promote caries. Frequency of sugar intake is more important than total amount. Foods high in vitamins and minerals like milk, cheese, fruits and vegetables support dental health while sugars and acids promote demineralization and caries. Regular cleaning including brushing, flossing and eating foods like green tea is recommended to reduce plaque and promote remineralization to prevent cavities.

1. DIET AND CARIES

2. Physical properties of food
and cariogenicity
 Physical properties of food affect-
 Food retention, food clearance, solubility and
oral hygiene
 Foods which improve cleansing action
,decrease retention of food with in the oral
cavity and increase saliva flow are to be
encouraged in everyday diets.

3. Physical nature of diet
 Diet with roughage cleanses teeth of
adherent debris during mastication
 Detergent foods also reduce the number of
culturable microorganisms
 Soft refined foods cling to teeth and lead to
caries

4. Carbohydrate content of diet
 Most important factor
 Frequency of sugar intake is more important
than amount
 Snacking in between meals should be
avoided
 Refined sticky sugars should be avoided

5. Role of food
 Foods that help muscles and bones also help
teeth and gums. Breads and cereals are rich in
vitamin B while fruits and vegetables contain
vitamin C, both of which contribute to healthy
gum tissue.
 Lean meat, fish, and poultry provide magnesium
and zinc for teeth. Some people recommend
that teeth be brushed after every meal and at
bedtime, and flossed at least once per day,
preferably at night before sleep. For some
people, flossing might be recommended after
every meal.

6. Beneficial foods
Some foods may protect against cavities.
Fluoride is a primary protector against dental
cavities. Fluoride makes the surface of teeth
more resistant to acids during the process of
remineralisation. Drinking fluoridated water
is recommended by some dental
professionals while others say that using
toothpaste alone is enough.

7. Milk cheese
 Milk and cheese are also rich in calcium and
phosphate, and may also encourage
remineralisation. All foods increase saliva
production, and since saliva contains buffer
chemicals this helps to stabilize the pH to
near 7 (neutral) in the mouth. Foods high in
fiber may also help to increase the flow of
saliva. Sugar-free chewing gum stimulates
saliva production, and helps to clean the
surface of the teeth.

8. Top 10 beneficial foods
 1) GreenTea-It prevents plaque and helps
reduce your chances of cavities and gum
disease because it contains polyphenols,
antioxidant plant compounds.Tea may also
help reduce bad breath.Tooth enamel can be
strengthen because green tea contains
fluoride which promotes healthy teeth.

9. Milk and yoghurt
 2) Milk andYogurt-Both of these are good for
teeth because they contain low acid content,
which means that wearing of teeth is less.
Because they are low in sugar, it means less
decay too. Milk is a good source of calcium
which is the main component of teeth and
bones.

10. cheese
 3) Cheese-Cheese contains calcium and
phosphate. It helps balance your mouth pH
balance, preserves and rebuilds tooth
enamel,produces saliva, and kills bacteria
that cause cavities and disease.

11. fruits
 4)Fruits-Vitamin C is contained in fruits such
as apples, strawberries, and kiwis.This
vitamin is considered the element that holds
your cells together. If this vitamin is
neglected, your gums can break down,
making gums tender and susceptible to gum
disease.

12. vegetables
 5)Vegetables-Vitamin A that is found in
pumpkins, carrrots, sweet potatoes, and
broccoli is necessary for the formation of
tooth enamel. Crunchy vegetables may also
help clean your gums.

13. onions
 6)Onions-Onions contain antibacterial sulfur
compounds.Test show that onions kill various
types of bacteria, especially when eaten raw.

14. celery
 7)Celery-Celery protects your teeth by
producing salvia which neutralizes bacteria
that cause cavities. It also massages the teeth
and gums.

15. Sesame seeds
 8)Sesame Seeds-These seeds get rid of
plaque and helps build tooth enamel.They
are also very high in calcium.

16. Animal food
 9)Animal Food-Beef, chicken, turkey, and
eggs contain phosphorous. Phosphorous and
calcium create our bone system.

17. water
 10)Water-Water cleans the cleans the mouth
and produces saliva that deposits essential
minerals into the teeth. It keeps teeth and
hydrated and washes away particles from the
teeth.

18. Vitamin content of diet
 Vit.D –It is essential for normal teeth
development
 Its supplements reduce dental caries
increment in children
 Vit.K- possible anticaries agent by virtue of its
enzyme inhibiting activity in CHO
degradation cycle

19. vitamins
 vitamins

20. Vit B6
 Vit B6- (pyridoxine) alters oral flora by
promoting growth of non cariogenic
organisms which suppress cariogenic
organisms

21. Detrimental foods
 Sugars are commonly associated with dental
cavities. Other carbohydrates, especially
cooked starches, e.g. crisps/potato chips,
may also damage teeth, although to a lesser
degree since starch has to be converted by
enzymes in saliva first.

22. sucrose
 Sucrose (table sugar) is most commonly
associated with cavities.The amount of sugar
consumed at any one time is less important than
how often food and drinks that contain sugar are
consumed.The more frequently sugars are
consumed, the greater the time during which the
tooth is exposed to low pH levels, at which point
demineralisation occurs (below 5.5 for most
people). It is important therefore to try to
encourage infrequent consumption of food and
drinks containing sugar so that teeth have a
chance to be repaired by remineralisation and
fluoride.

23. Limiting sugar
 Limiting sugar-containing foods and drinks to
meal times is one way to reduce the
incidence of cavities. Sugars from fruit and
fruit juices, e.g., glucose, fructose, and
maltose seem equally likely to cause cavities.[

24. acids
 Acids contained in fruit juice, vinegar and soft
drinks lower the pH level of the oral cavity
which causes the enamel to demineralize.
Drinking drinks such as orange juice or cola
throughout the day raises the risk of dental
cavities tremendously

25. plaque
 Another factor which affects the risk of
developing cavities is the stickiness of foods.
Some foods or sweets may stick to the teeth and
so reduce the pH in the mouth for an extended
time, particularly if they are sugary. It is
important that teeth be cleaned at least twice a
day, preferably with a toothbrush and fluoride
toothpaste, to remove any food sticking to the
teeth. Regular brushing and the use of dental
floss also removes the dental plaque coating the
tooth surface

26. Chewing gum
 Chewing gum assists oral irrigation between
and around the teeth, cleaning and removing
particles, but for teeth in poor condition it
may damage or remove loose fillings as well.

27. Other factors
 Smoking and chewing tobacco are both
strongly linked with multiple dental diseases.
 Regular vomiting, as seen in bulimia nervosa,
also causes significant damage.
 Mouthwash or mouth rinse improve oral
hygiene. Dental chewing gums claim to
improve dental health.

28. Caries control-
 3 methods
 1 chemical measures
 2 nutritional measures
 3 mechanical measures

29. Chemical measures
 1) substances which alter the tooth stucture
 A fluorides
 B bis-biguanides
 C silver nitrate
 D zinc chloride
 E potassium ferrocyanide

30.  2) substances which interfere with CHO
degradation through enzymatic alterations
 AVit A
 B sarcoside
 3) substances interfering with bacterial
growth and metabolism
 Urea and NH4 compounds
 Chlorophyll , nitrofurans
 Antibiotics , caries vaccine

31. Nutritional measures
 Restriction of refined CHO intake
 Anticariogenic substances-
 Sodium metaphosphate
 Pyridoxine
 Tannic acid and zanthines
 Constituents of cocoa and chocolate

32. Mechanical measures
 1 prophylaxis by dentist
 2 tooth brushing
 3 mouth rinsing
 4 use of dental floss and tooth picks
 5 detergent foods in diet
 6 pit and fissure sealants

33.  Thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!