Diels alder reaction basic.pptx
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The document discusses the Diels-Alder reaction, a [2+4] cycloaddition reaction discovered in 1928 by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder. It involves the addition of a conjugated diene and an alkene to form a six-membered ring. The reaction proceeds through a transition state with aromatic character involving the overlap of 6π electrons.
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![els Alder Reaction or [2+4] cycloadditio
Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Sciences.
Central
University
of Jammu
Date: 11 February, 2022
Zuhaib Nasir Mughal 4040319](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dielsalderreaction0-220328171002/85/Diels-alder-reaction-basic-pptx-1-320.jpg)
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The document summarizes the Diels-Alder reaction, a [2+4] cycloaddition reaction discovered in 1928 by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder. It explains that the Diels-Alder reaction involves a [4+2] cycloaddition between a diene and a dienophile. Specifically, the HOMO of the diene and LUMO of the dienophile overlap in phase, allowing the reaction to proceed through a [4+2] cycloaddition but not [2+2] or [4+4] cycloadditions. The transition state of the Diels-Alder reaction has aromatic character with 6π electrons.
Diels alder reaction
The document summarizes the Diels-Alder reaction, a pericyclic reaction that involves the [4+2] cycloaddition of a diene (a compound with two double bonds) and a dienophile (an electron-deficient alkene). It occurs in a single step via a concerted mechanism without intermediates. The reaction requires heat or light activation and proceeds through a transition state with six delocalized pi electrons. Dienes with electron-donating groups or in the s-cis conformation react more readily, as do dienophiles with electron-withdrawing groups. An example reaction shown is the Diels-Alder reaction of buta-1,3-diene and
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
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留信网认证的作用:
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
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- 1. els Alder Reaction or [2+4] cycloadditio Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences. Central University of Jammu Date: 11 February, 2022 Zuhaib Nasir Mughal 4040319
- 2. 2 Diels-Alder reaction Otto Paul diels Kurt alder 1950
- 3. 1
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- 8. Why [2-4] addition only? Why not [2-2] addition? Why not [4-4] addition? 🤔
- 9. 3
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