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11
Der Begriff 
des Weisen
und der Weis
heit in den 
Augen der eu
rop ae ischen O
rientalisten
Von: Thorsten Pattberg, Peking University
10. Maerz 2010
22
“The Philistine not only ignores
all conditions of life which are
not his own but he also demands
that the rest of mankind should
fashion its mode of existence
after his own.”
33
1. Wie es zu China kam1. Wie es zu China kam
2. Deutscher Orientalismus2. Deutscher Orientalismus
3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem
Philosophen und einem WeisenPhilosophen und einem Weisen
4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?
5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China und5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China und
DeutschlandDeutschland
44
1. Wie es zu China kam1. Wie es zu China kam
55
Amtsgericht Hamm, Staatsanwaltschaft Muenster
66
77
Edinburgh Castle, 2003
88
99
1010
1111
Peking University, West Gate
1212
“Linguist sage Ji Xianlin” (China Daily), file foto from 1934
1313
Ji Xianlin at his 98th
birthday, here with Wen Jiabao
1414
National ‘Teachers Day’ 2008
1515
Ji Xianlin on July 11, 2009, at the age of 98
1616
2. Deutscher Orientalismus2. Deutscher Orientalismus
1717
Wir koennen und duerfen
nicht Chinesen werden,
wollen es im Innersten
auch gar nicht. Wir
duerfen Ideal und
hoechstes Bild des Lebens
nicht in China und nicht in
irgendeiner Vergangenheit
suchen, sonst sind wir
verloren und haengen an
einem Fetisch.
(Hermann Hesse, 1920)
1818
There is something unique here
in Europe that is recognized in
us by all other human groups,
too, something that [...]
becomes a motive for them to
Europeanize themselves even
in their unbroken will to
spiritual self-preservation,
whereas we, if we understand
ourselves properly, would
never Indianize ourselves, for
example.
Edmund Husserl (1935)
1919
Darüber gerät nun der nachgrübelnde Mensch in
die Mystik […] , wo seine Vernunft sich selbst,
und was sie will, nicht versteht, sondern lieber
schwärmt […], wie es einem intellektuellen
Bewohner einer Sinnenwelt geziemt, innerhalb
den Grenzen dieser eingeschränkt zu halten.
Daher kommt das Ungeheuer von System des
Lao-kiun von dem höchsten Gut, das im Nichts
bestehen soll […] und also durch Vernichtung
seiner Persönlichkeit, verschlungen zu fühlen;
von welchem Zustande die Vorempfindung zu
haben, sinesische Philosophen sich in dunkeln
Zimmern, mit geschlossenen Augen, anstrengen,
dieses ihr Nichts zu denken und zu empfinden.
(Immanuel Kant, 1794)
2020
Die Chinesen haben das Völkerrecht umgeworfen, […] das
um so empörender, als dies Verbrechen begangen worden
ist von einer Nation, die auf ihre uralte Kultur stolz ist. […]
Möge der Name Deutscher in China auf 1000 Jahre durch
euch in einer Weise bestätigt werden, daß es niemals wieder
ein Chinese wagt, einen Deutschen scheel anzusehen!
(Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1900)
2121
““Die Anfänge überlieferten Denkens vonDie Anfänge überlieferten Denkens von
abendländischen (westlichen) Philosophen gehenabendländischen (westlichen) Philosophen gehen
bis auf das 6. vorchristliche Jahrhundert zurück.bis auf das 6. vorchristliche Jahrhundert zurück.
[…] entfaltete sich das[…] entfaltete sich das systematischesystematische undund
wissenschaftlichwissenschaftlich orientierteorientierte DenkenDenken […] in[…] in
Abgrenzung zu irrationalen oder religiösenAbgrenzung zu irrationalen oder religiösen
Weltbildern oder MythologienWeltbildern oder Mythologien. “. “
(wikipedia, 02/2010)(wikipedia, 02/2010)
SelbstverstaendnisSelbstverstaendnis
Deutschlands - Land derDeutschlands - Land der
PhilosophenPhilosophen
2222
Die eigentliche
Philosophie beginnt im
Okzident. Erst im
Abendlande geht diese
Freiheit des
Selbstbewußtseins auf,
das natürliche
Bewußtsein in sich unter
und damit der Geist in
sich nieder.
(Hegel, 1837)
2323
老无所依老无所依
LLaoao WWuu SSuouo YYii
Kein Platz fuer die AltenKein Platz fuer die Alten
(lit. Elder Without Place Relying)(lit. Elder Without Place Relying)
- a society lacking filial pietya society lacking filial piety,,
- usually said of elders, “lao”, who despite theirusually said of elders, “lao”, who despite their
vast life experience and spiritual wisdom arevast life experience and spiritual wisdom are
ignored and therefore helplessignored and therefore helpless
2424
2525
William Butler Yeats: “That is no country for old men.”
The poem “Sailing to Byzantium” is Yeats’s definitive statement about the
agony of old age and the imaginative and spiritual work required to remain a
vital individual even when the body deteriorates. Yeats’s solution is to leave
the country of the young and travel to Byzantium, where the sages of the
city (in paintings, sculptures, mosaics etc.) could become the “singing-
masters” of his soul. He hopes the sages will appear in fire and take him
away from his body into an existence outside time, where, like a great work
of art, he could exist in “the artifice of eternity.”
2626
2727
圣圣无所依无所依
shengsheng wu suo yiwu suo yi
No Country for SagesNo Country for Sages
Kein Land fuer die WeisenKein Land fuer die Weisen
2828
2929
圣
ShengSheng
圣(人) 
ch
賢(人) 
3030
Deutschland hat keineDeutschland hat keine Weisenen,,
oder eineoder eine Kultur fuer die WeisenKultur fuer die Weisen..
Germany lackedGermany lacked sagessages, or better a, or better a culture for sagesculture for sages
Es gibtEs gibt Buddhismus inBuddhismus in
DeutschlandDeutschland, aber keinen, aber keinen
Deutschen BuddhismusDeutschen Buddhismus..
“Buddhism in Germany”, but no “German Buddhism”“Buddhism in Germany”, but no “German Buddhism”
So auch:
Eine Hypothese:
3131
Voelker Europas, wahrt eure heiligsten Gueter (Knackfuss, 1895)
3232
“Wollte ich die Resultate meiner
Philosophie zum Maßstabe der
Wahrheit nehmen, so müßte ich
dem Buddhismus den Vorzug vor
anderen (Religionen) zugestehn”
(Schopenhauer)
3333
“Buddhism has the characteristics of what
would be expected in a cosmic religion for
the future: it transcends a personal God,
avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both
the natural & spiritual, and it is based on a
religious sense aspiring from the experience
of all things, natural and spiritual, as a
meaningful unity” (Einstein)
3434
Einstein and Buddha – The Parallel Sayings
3535
Einstein and Tagore
3636
…denn der Philosoph, der sich
in die Mitte stellt, muss alles
hoehere zu sich herab, alles
niedere zu sich herauf ziehen
und nur in diesem
Mittelzustand verdient er den
Namen eines Weisen.
(Goethe)
3737
[…] sind auch die Lehren der
Weisheit vor Alters
nirgends in solcher
Vollkommenheit bekannt
gewesen, als in China.
Ihre Geschichten sind weit
richtiger, ihre politische
Regierungsformen
weit dauerhafter und
ordentlicher gewesen, als die
der anderer Völker.
(Gottsched, 1756)
3838
The four classesThe four classes
PhilosophersPhilosophers Hegel,Hegel,
Schopenhauer,Schopenhauer,
Nietzsche etc.Nietzsche etc.
creative, universal,creative, universal,
abstracabstractt
OrientalistsOrientalists Weber, Mueller,Weber, Mueller,
Winternitz etc.Winternitz etc.
re-creative,re-creative,
particular, exactparticular, exact
GeneralistsGeneralists
SpecialistsSpecialists
instructiveinstructive
investigativeinvestigative
PractitionersPractitioners Neumann, Dahlke,Neumann, Dahlke,
Zimmermann etc.Zimmermann etc.
passive,passive,
maintenancemaintenance
SponsorsSponsors Humboldt, Wagner,Humboldt, Wagner,
Goethe, Hesse etc.Goethe, Hesse etc.
active, promotionactive, promotion
LARGES
T
3939
The four classesThe four classes
SagesSages nonenone creative, universal,creative, universal,
abstracabstractt
OrientalistsOrientalists Weber, Mueller,Weber, Mueller,
Winternitz etc.Winternitz etc.
re-creative,re-creative,
particular, exactparticular, exact
GeneralistsGeneralists
SpecialistsSpecialists
instructiveinstructive
investigativeinvestigative
PractitionersPractitioners Neumann, Dahlke,Neumann, Dahlke,
Zimmermann etc.Zimmermann etc.
passive,passive,
maintenancemaintenance
SponsorsSponsors Humboldt, Wagner,Humboldt, Wagner,
Goethe, Hesse etc.Goethe, Hesse etc.
active, promotionactive, promotion
LARGES
T
4040
3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem
Philosophen und einem WeisenPhilosophen und einem Weisen
4141
EinEin PhilosophPhilosoph ist ein klugerist ein kluger
Mensch herausragend durch seineMensch herausragend durch seine
Weisheit und gesunde Urteilskraft.Weisheit und gesunde Urteilskraft.
EinEin WeiserWeiser ist ein kluger Menschist ein kluger Mensch
herausragend durch seineherausragend durch seine
Weisheit und durch Erfahrung.Weisheit und durch Erfahrung.
4242
[…] wisdom is a form of goodness, and is
not scientific knowledge but another kind of
cognition.
(Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics 1246b, 35).
4343
Weisheit wurde zunaechst denWeisheit wurde zunaechst den
DichternDichtern nachgesagt, und imnachgesagt, und im
Laufe der Zeit den SophoiLaufe der Zeit den Sophoi
zugeschrieben. Alszugeschrieben. Als SophosSophos
bezeichnen wir jemanden der– imbezeichnen wir jemanden der– im
Gegensatz zu den spaeterenGegensatz zu den spaeteren
PhilosophenPhilosophen – nicht mehr auf der– nicht mehr auf der
Suche nach ihr ist, sondern dieSuche nach ihr ist, sondern die
Weisheit schon gefunden hat.Weisheit schon gefunden hat.
(Spengler, 1918)(Spengler, 1918)
4444
Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 1
大哉圣人之道!洋洋乎!发育万物,峻极于天,优优大哉!礼仪三百,威
仪三千,待其人而后行。故曰,苟不至德,至道不凝焉。故君子尊德性而
道问学,致广大而尽精微,极高明而道中庸。溫故而知新,敦厚以崇礼。
(Confucius, Zhongyong, XXVII 1-6)
How great is the path proper to the Sage! Like overflowing water, it
sends forth and nourishes all things, and rises up to the height of
heaven. All-complete is its greatness! It embraces the three hundred
rules of ceremony, and the three thousand rules of demeanor. It waits for
the proper man, and then it is trodden. Hence it is said, "Only by perfect
virtue can the perfect path, in all its courses, be made a fact." Therefore,
the superior man honors his virtuous nature, and maintains constant
inquiry and study, seeking to carry it out to its breadth and greatness, so
as to omit none of the more exquisite and minute points which it
embraces, and to raise it to its greatest height and brilliancy, so as to
pursue the course of the Mean. He cherishes his old knowledge, and is
continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness,
in the esteem and practice of all propriety.
(The Doctrine of the Mean, XXVII 1-6, Legge)
4545
Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 2
故君子力事日彊,願欲日逾,設壯日盛。君子之道也,貧則見廉,富則見
義,生則見愛,死則見哀。四行者不可虛假,反之身者也。藏於心者,無
以竭愛。動於心者,無以竭恭。出於口者,無以竭馴。暢之四支,接之肌
膚,華髮隳顛而猶弗舍者,其唯聖人乎!
The way of the superior man makes the individual incorruptible in poverty
and righteous when wealthy; it makes him love the living and mourn the
dead. These four qualities of conduct cannot be hypocritically embodied
in one's personality. There is nothing in his mind that goes beyond love;
there is nothing in his behaviour that goes beyond respectfulness, and
there is nothing from his mouth that goes beyond gentility. When one
pursues such a way until it pervades his four limbs and permeates his
flesh and skin, and until he becomes white-haired and bald-headed
without ceasing, one is truly a sage.
(Mozi, Book One, Self-cultivation)
4646
Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 3
孟子曰:  " 伯夷 , 聖之清者也; 伊尹 , 聖之任者也; 柳下惠 , 聖之和
者也; 孔子 , 聖之時者也 . 孔子之謂集大成 . 集大成也者 , 金聲而玉振
之也 . 金聲也者 , 始條理也; 玉振之也者 , 終條理也 . 始條理者 , 智之
事也; 終條理者 , 聖之事也 . 智 , 譬則巧也; 聖 , 譬則力也 . 由射於百
步之外也 , 其至 , 爾力也; 其中 , 非爾力也 ." ( 孟子,万章下 )
Mencius said: "Bo Yi among the sages was the pure one; Yi Yin among
the sages was the one most inclined to take office; Hui of Liu Xia among
the sages was the accommodating one; and Confucius among the
sages was the timeous one. In Confucius we have what is called a
complete concert. A complete concert is when the large bell proclaims
the commencement of the music, and the ringing stone proclaims its
close. The metal sound commences the blended harmony of all the
instruments, and the winding up with the stone terminates that blended
harmony. The commencing that harmony is the work of wisdom. The
terminating that harmony is the work of sageness. As a comparison for
wisdom, we may liken it to skill, and as a comparison for sageness, we
may liken it to strength - as in the case of shooting at a mark a hundred
paces distant. That you reach it is owing to your strength, but that you
hit the mark is not owing to your strength.' (Mencius, Wan Zhang II))
4747
Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 4
惟木從繩則正 , 後從諫則聖 . 後克聖 , 臣不命其承 , 疇敢不祗若王之休
命 ?
( 伊訓 , 說命上 , 4)
And Yue said to the king, 'Wood by the use of the line is made straight,
and the sovereign who follows reproof is made sage. When the
sovereign can (thus) make himself sage, his ministers, without being
specially commanded, anticipate his orders - who would dare not to act
in respectful compliance with this excellent charge of your Majesty?'
(Instructions of Yi, Charge to Yue I, 4)
4848
Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 5
所以圣人守道 , 为天下人树立了好的典范。
不自我表扬 , 反而显明 ; 不自以为是 , 反而彰显 ;
不自己夸耀 , 反而见功 ; 不自我矜持 , 反而长久。
正因不与人争 , 所以天下没有人跟他争。
(Laozi, Dao De Jing, The Way and Its Power, XXII)
Therefore the sage embraces the One and is a model for the empire.
He does not show himself, and so is conspicuous;
He does not consider himself right, and so is illustrious;
He does not brag, and so has merit;
He does not boast, and so endures.
It is because he does not contend that no one in the empire is in
aposition to contend with him.
(Laoxi, Dao De Jing,
The Way and Its Power, XXII, D. C. Lau [en])
4949
4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?
5050
Buddhism is a culture that includesBuddhism is a culture that includes
Religious doctrineReligious doctrine FoodFood
Places of worshipPlaces of worship ClothingClothing
MusicMusic MonumentsMonuments
FestivalsFestivals ArchitectureArchitecture
RitualsRituals LanguageLanguage
CustomsCustoms PractisePractise
ValuesValues ArtsArts
5151
Buddhism is a culture that includesBuddhism is a culture that includes
Religious doctrineReligious doctrine FoodFood
Places of worshipPlaces of worship ClothingClothing
MusicMusic MonumentsMonuments
FestivalsFestivals ArchitectureArchitecture
RitualsRituals LanguageLanguage
CustomsCustoms PractisePractise   念经,深思念经,深思
,坐禅,念佛…,坐禅,念佛…
ValuesValues ArtsArts
5252
Das Konzept des “Weisen” in der deutschen KulturDas Konzept des “Weisen” in der deutschen Kultur
1. Sophos, the wise man. (Socrates)
2. The Stoic sage.
3. Three wise men. (Oriental sage)
4. Nathan der Weise. (Lessing)
5. Die weise alte Frau, der weise alte Mann (Maerchen)
6. Referred to a melody is means "elevated", "archaic".
(Weise also means outdated.)
7. The Wise man as archetype. (Grimm/Jung)
8. Wise persons in fiction. (Fantasy literature).
Pejorativum: abschaetziges Wort (abwertend, herabsetzend, verschlechternd, negativer
Sinnbezug: archaisch, stoisch, exotisch, mystisch, maerchenhaft, alt, gebrechlich,
zynisch, besserwisserisch, brotlos, fiktiv, etc.)
5353
5454
One could say then, that Germany had Buddhist religious texts, butOne could say then, that Germany had Buddhist religious texts, but lackedlacked the experience ofthe experience of
BuddhismBuddhism in all other aspects. In fact, unlike the British empiricists who colonized India, who holdin all other aspects. In fact, unlike the British empiricists who colonized India, who hold
a dialog with India (however imbalanced), the Germans initiated a grand, stageda dialog with India (however imbalanced), the Germans initiated a grand, staged monologuemonologue on itson its
own soil, aown soil, a theorizingtheorizing (as in Schopenhauer’s(as in Schopenhauer’s World as Will and ImaginationWorld as Will and Imagination) about theories (in a) about theories (in a
French translation of a Persion translation of a Sanskrit version of theFrench translation of a Persion translation of a Sanskrit version of the UpanishadsUpanishads) on Indian) on Indian
thought (the Vedicthought (the Vedic UpanishadsUpanishads) from a far away place (India) (Winternitz, 1910, Bd. I). Indeed,) from a far away place (India) (Winternitz, 1910, Bd. I). Indeed,
especially theespecially the legions of Germanlegions of German orientalistsorientalists were so occupied with thewere so occupied with the philological methodphilological method, with, with
genealogygenealogy,, hermeneuticshermeneutics,, grammargrammar, and, and textual analysistextual analysis, that the, that the philosophersphilosophers, possibly, possibly
intimidated for their lack of expert knowledge, had to retreat to grand ideas and, if expert opinionintimidated for their lack of expert knowledge, had to retreat to grand ideas and, if expert opinion
was needed, had to refer to secondary sources; in case of Schopenhauer, who never learnedwas needed, had to refer to secondary sources; in case of Schopenhauer, who never learned
Sanskrit or visited India – he had to refer to hearsay. It is this lack of experience in the Buddhist orSanskrit or visited India – he had to refer to hearsay. It is this lack of experience in the Buddhist or
Hindu traditions, that no reading of how many books can remedy, thisHindu traditions, that no reading of how many books can remedy, this lack of spiritual experiencelack of spiritual experience, I, I
say, that inhibited Germany to fully embrace Buddhist mysticism and to develop its own branch ofsay, that inhibited Germany to fully embrace Buddhist mysticism and to develop its own branch of
German Buddhism.German Buddhism.
5555
Wilhelm von Humboldt’s 1810 German education reformWilhelm von Humboldt’s 1810 German education reform
Das preussische Bildungssystem war fuer den Deutschen Orientalismus
richtungsweisend
5656
WWithith philosophersphilosophers taking thetaking the placesplaces ofof sagessages in Europein Europe, Buddhism could not, Buddhism could not
strive or live by itself, as expressed in that attributive ‘strive or live by itself, as expressed in that attributive ‘GermanGerman Buddhism’, but ratherBuddhism’, but rather
was treated as dry-good import, a theorizing about awas treated as dry-good import, a theorizing about a Buddhist fossil brought toBuddhist fossil brought to
German soilGerman soil, as signified in this locative ‘Buddhism, as signified in this locative ‘Buddhism in Germany’in Germany’. This situation is. This situation is
best observed in the traditional, rational European, and particularbest observed in the traditional, rational European, and particular analyticalanalytical GermanGerman
way of transcribing all Sanskrit texts intoway of transcribing all Sanskrit texts into Latin scriptLatin script andand carefullycarefully dissecting thosedissecting those
foreign textsforeign texts as if they were insects on a pin-board. Perhaps the closest concept to aas if they were insects on a pin-board. Perhaps the closest concept to a
sage in Germany is that of the typical biblicalsage in Germany is that of the typical biblical mysticmystic, often associated with the, often associated with the
Dominican or Jesuit Order, such as Meister Eckhart (1260-1328), Heinrich Seuse (c.Dominican or Jesuit Order, such as Meister Eckhart (1260-1328), Heinrich Seuse (c.
1300-1366), Tauler (c. 1300-1361), or Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) (Levy-Bruhl,1300-1366), Tauler (c. 1300-1361), or Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) (Levy-Bruhl,
1890). Even among the1890). Even among the missionariesmissionaries who went to Asia and spread the Gospel, nonewho went to Asia and spread the Gospel, none
of them is remembered or referred to asof them is remembered or referred to as sagesage. Needless to say, none of the. Needless to say, none of the
EuropeanEuropean mysticsmystics was connected to Indian religions: they all werewas connected to Indian religions: they all were ChristianChristian mysticsmystics..
One could put it this way, thatOne could put it this way, that existence ofexistence of sagessages is quite un-European.is quite un-European.””
5757
5858
The inversion of the argument:The inversion of the argument:
In early China and Japan – noIn early China and Japan – no
philosophers?philosophers?
““What Japan is lackingWhat Japan is lacking
until today isuntil today is
philosophy […]” Nakaephilosophy […]” Nakae
Chomin (1901)Chomin (1901)
Rem:Rem: rigakurigaku andand tetsugakutetsugaku werewere
commenly usedcommenly used
Does the West haveDoes the West have
anything correspondinganything corresponding
to “jingto “jing”” 经经 ,, “shi“shi”” 师师 ,,
“dao”“dao” 道道 or “or “shenshen/zen/zen
神神 ??
Rem:Rem:    Philosophy “zhe”Philosophy “zhe” 哲哲 waswas
introduced via Japan to China, in theintroduced via Japan to China, in the
same way “fo”same way “fo” 佛佛 was introduced fromwas introduced from
India via China to Japan.India via China to Japan.
5959
Wer hat vielleicht das Zeug zum Weisen?Wer hat vielleicht das Zeug zum Weisen?
Goethe, Universalgelehrter, Dichter, undGoethe, Universalgelehrter, Dichter, und
Schriftgelehrter (-steller), wird in JapanSchriftgelehrter (-steller), wird in Japan
und China als “Shengren”, “Kenjin” oderund China als “Shengren”, “Kenjin” oder
Weiser verehrt.Weiser verehrt.
Weise sind immer Vertreter desWeise sind immer Vertreter des
Mittelweges:Mittelweges:
““Wir erfahren die Religioese zunaechstWir erfahren die Religioese zunaechst
als Erkenntnis eines Weltherrschers;als Erkenntnis eines Weltherrschers;
sodann als Erkenntnis unserersodann als Erkenntnis unserer
Bedingtheit und Kleinheit; schliesslichBedingtheit und Kleinheit; schliesslich
als Erkenntnis der Gleichnishaftigkeitals Erkenntnis der Gleichnishaftigkeit
im sittlichen Leben mit anderen.“im sittlichen Leben mit anderen.“
6060
RetrospektiveRetrospektive
6161
Obwohl oestliche Gedanken massiv in die
deutsche akademische Welt einflossen,
auch mit besonderem Interesse am
philologischen, wissenschaftlichen, und
theologischen Gehalt buddhistischer
Schriften – jedoch: allgemein gilt: es gab
nachweislich keine kulturelle oder spirituelle
Erfahrung seitens der Philosophen und der
Orientalisten.
Es gibt Buddhismus in Deutschland, aber
kein Deutschen Buddhismus
6262
Als Konsequenz, bis heute, darf man ruhigAls Konsequenz, bis heute, darf man ruhig
sagen, dass das Kulturverstaendnis dersagen, dass das Kulturverstaendnis der
Deutschen und deren Ansichten, Prinzipien undDeutschen und deren Ansichten, Prinzipien und
Prioritaeten sich keineswegs mit China undPrioritaeten sich keineswegs mit China und
dem Orient deckt; Deutschland, aus dendem Orient deckt; Deutschland, aus den
vorhergegangen Gruenden, ist und bleibt:vorhergegangen Gruenden, ist und bleibt:
Kein Land fuer die WeisenKein Land fuer die Weisen
““NNoo CCountry forountry for SSages”.ages”.
Schlußsatz:
6363
5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China
und Deutschlandund Deutschland
(oder:(oder:
Welche Rolle spielt heute Weisheit in einer Gesellschaft,Welche Rolle spielt heute Weisheit in einer Gesellschaft,
wo das Wissen dominiert?wo das Wissen dominiert?))
6464
Danke schön!Danke schön!
ご清聴ありがとうございまご清聴ありがとうございま
す!す!
6565
说 圣 邪 , 是 相 于 艺 也 ; 说 知 邪 , 是 相 于 疵
也 .
Delight in sageness is helpful to ingenious contrivancesDelight in sageness is helpful to ingenious contrivances
(sinnreiche Findungen);(sinnreiche Findungen); Delight in knowledge contributes toDelight in knowledge contributes to
fault-finding.fault-finding.
(Zhuangzi, Outer Chapters, Letting Be, and Exercising(Zhuangzi, Outer Chapters, Letting Be, and Exercising
Forbearance)Forbearance)
6666
Der Orientalische Weise
The Oriental Sage
Chomsky, Noam (1969), American Power and the New Mandarins
Ringer, Fritz (1990), The Decline of the German Mandarins: The German
Academic Community, 1890-1933
Morris, Charles R. (2009), The Sages: Warren Buffett, George Soros,
Paul Volcker, and the Maelstrom of Markets
Jarvis, James (2006), Vortigern’s Machine And the Great Sage of
Wisdom
Sage Leaders and Sage Leadership in Business-, Religion-, and
Statecraft – An Archetype after Carl Jung
6767
An example of Sage Leadership:
“Top 10 Points to Consider About Sage Leadership”
1. Sage is an Archetypical Metaphor.
2. The Sage Archetype occurs in people and in systems.
3. Certain people are pre-disposed to the Sage Archetype.
4. Certain systems are pre-disposed to the Sage Archetype.
5. Sage Archetypes are particular operational principles
6. The evidence of "Sage Archetype" can be measured.
7.  Sages are necessary but not sufficient for sage cultures.
8. Ecologies can be designed to promote sageness.
9. Leaders can become sage-like, but sageness is inborn.
10. Organizations can create the principles of sageness.

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Die Weisen und die Weisheit in Deutschland und China

  • 2. 22 “The Philistine not only ignores all conditions of life which are not his own but he also demands that the rest of mankind should fashion its mode of existence after his own.”
  • 3. 33 1. Wie es zu China kam1. Wie es zu China kam 2. Deutscher Orientalismus2. Deutscher Orientalismus 3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem Philosophen und einem WeisenPhilosophen und einem Weisen 4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen? 5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China und5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China und DeutschlandDeutschland
  • 4. 44 1. Wie es zu China kam1. Wie es zu China kam
  • 6. 66
  • 8. 88
  • 9. 99
  • 10. 1010
  • 12. 1212 “Linguist sage Ji Xianlin” (China Daily), file foto from 1934
  • 13. 1313 Ji Xianlin at his 98th birthday, here with Wen Jiabao
  • 15. 1515 Ji Xianlin on July 11, 2009, at the age of 98
  • 16. 1616 2. Deutscher Orientalismus2. Deutscher Orientalismus
  • 17. 1717 Wir koennen und duerfen nicht Chinesen werden, wollen es im Innersten auch gar nicht. Wir duerfen Ideal und hoechstes Bild des Lebens nicht in China und nicht in irgendeiner Vergangenheit suchen, sonst sind wir verloren und haengen an einem Fetisch. (Hermann Hesse, 1920)
  • 18. 1818 There is something unique here in Europe that is recognized in us by all other human groups, too, something that [...] becomes a motive for them to Europeanize themselves even in their unbroken will to spiritual self-preservation, whereas we, if we understand ourselves properly, would never Indianize ourselves, for example. Edmund Husserl (1935)
  • 19. 1919 Darüber gerät nun der nachgrübelnde Mensch in die Mystik […] , wo seine Vernunft sich selbst, und was sie will, nicht versteht, sondern lieber schwärmt […], wie es einem intellektuellen Bewohner einer Sinnenwelt geziemt, innerhalb den Grenzen dieser eingeschränkt zu halten. Daher kommt das Ungeheuer von System des Lao-kiun von dem höchsten Gut, das im Nichts bestehen soll […] und also durch Vernichtung seiner Persönlichkeit, verschlungen zu fühlen; von welchem Zustande die Vorempfindung zu haben, sinesische Philosophen sich in dunkeln Zimmern, mit geschlossenen Augen, anstrengen, dieses ihr Nichts zu denken und zu empfinden. (Immanuel Kant, 1794)
  • 20. 2020 Die Chinesen haben das Völkerrecht umgeworfen, […] das um so empörender, als dies Verbrechen begangen worden ist von einer Nation, die auf ihre uralte Kultur stolz ist. […] Möge der Name Deutscher in China auf 1000 Jahre durch euch in einer Weise bestätigt werden, daß es niemals wieder ein Chinese wagt, einen Deutschen scheel anzusehen! (Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1900)
  • 21. 2121 ““Die Anfänge überlieferten Denkens vonDie Anfänge überlieferten Denkens von abendländischen (westlichen) Philosophen gehenabendländischen (westlichen) Philosophen gehen bis auf das 6. vorchristliche Jahrhundert zurück.bis auf das 6. vorchristliche Jahrhundert zurück. […] entfaltete sich das[…] entfaltete sich das systematischesystematische undund wissenschaftlichwissenschaftlich orientierteorientierte DenkenDenken […] in[…] in Abgrenzung zu irrationalen oder religiösenAbgrenzung zu irrationalen oder religiösen Weltbildern oder MythologienWeltbildern oder Mythologien. “. “ (wikipedia, 02/2010)(wikipedia, 02/2010) SelbstverstaendnisSelbstverstaendnis Deutschlands - Land derDeutschlands - Land der PhilosophenPhilosophen
  • 22. 2222 Die eigentliche Philosophie beginnt im Okzident. Erst im Abendlande geht diese Freiheit des Selbstbewußtseins auf, das natürliche Bewußtsein in sich unter und damit der Geist in sich nieder. (Hegel, 1837)
  • 23. 2323 老无所依老无所依 LLaoao WWuu SSuouo YYii Kein Platz fuer die AltenKein Platz fuer die Alten (lit. Elder Without Place Relying)(lit. Elder Without Place Relying) - a society lacking filial pietya society lacking filial piety,, - usually said of elders, “lao”, who despite theirusually said of elders, “lao”, who despite their vast life experience and spiritual wisdom arevast life experience and spiritual wisdom are ignored and therefore helplessignored and therefore helpless
  • 24. 2424
  • 25. 2525 William Butler Yeats: “That is no country for old men.” The poem “Sailing to Byzantium” is Yeats’s definitive statement about the agony of old age and the imaginative and spiritual work required to remain a vital individual even when the body deteriorates. Yeats’s solution is to leave the country of the young and travel to Byzantium, where the sages of the city (in paintings, sculptures, mosaics etc.) could become the “singing- masters” of his soul. He hopes the sages will appear in fire and take him away from his body into an existence outside time, where, like a great work of art, he could exist in “the artifice of eternity.”
  • 26. 2626
  • 27. 2727 圣圣无所依无所依 shengsheng wu suo yiwu suo yi No Country for SagesNo Country for Sages Kein Land fuer die WeisenKein Land fuer die Weisen
  • 28. 2828
  • 30. 3030 Deutschland hat keineDeutschland hat keine Weisenen,, oder eineoder eine Kultur fuer die WeisenKultur fuer die Weisen.. Germany lackedGermany lacked sagessages, or better a, or better a culture for sagesculture for sages Es gibtEs gibt Buddhismus inBuddhismus in DeutschlandDeutschland, aber keinen, aber keinen Deutschen BuddhismusDeutschen Buddhismus.. “Buddhism in Germany”, but no “German Buddhism”“Buddhism in Germany”, but no “German Buddhism” So auch: Eine Hypothese:
  • 31. 3131 Voelker Europas, wahrt eure heiligsten Gueter (Knackfuss, 1895)
  • 32. 3232 “Wollte ich die Resultate meiner Philosophie zum Maßstabe der Wahrheit nehmen, so müßte ich dem Buddhismus den Vorzug vor anderen (Religionen) zugestehn” (Schopenhauer)
  • 33. 3333 “Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future: it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural & spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity” (Einstein)
  • 34. 3434 Einstein and Buddha – The Parallel Sayings
  • 36. 3636 …denn der Philosoph, der sich in die Mitte stellt, muss alles hoehere zu sich herab, alles niedere zu sich herauf ziehen und nur in diesem Mittelzustand verdient er den Namen eines Weisen. (Goethe)
  • 37. 3737 […] sind auch die Lehren der Weisheit vor Alters nirgends in solcher Vollkommenheit bekannt gewesen, als in China. Ihre Geschichten sind weit richtiger, ihre politische Regierungsformen weit dauerhafter und ordentlicher gewesen, als die der anderer Völker. (Gottsched, 1756)
  • 38. 3838 The four classesThe four classes PhilosophersPhilosophers Hegel,Hegel, Schopenhauer,Schopenhauer, Nietzsche etc.Nietzsche etc. creative, universal,creative, universal, abstracabstractt OrientalistsOrientalists Weber, Mueller,Weber, Mueller, Winternitz etc.Winternitz etc. re-creative,re-creative, particular, exactparticular, exact GeneralistsGeneralists SpecialistsSpecialists instructiveinstructive investigativeinvestigative PractitionersPractitioners Neumann, Dahlke,Neumann, Dahlke, Zimmermann etc.Zimmermann etc. passive,passive, maintenancemaintenance SponsorsSponsors Humboldt, Wagner,Humboldt, Wagner, Goethe, Hesse etc.Goethe, Hesse etc. active, promotionactive, promotion LARGES T
  • 39. 3939 The four classesThe four classes SagesSages nonenone creative, universal,creative, universal, abstracabstractt OrientalistsOrientalists Weber, Mueller,Weber, Mueller, Winternitz etc.Winternitz etc. re-creative,re-creative, particular, exactparticular, exact GeneralistsGeneralists SpecialistsSpecialists instructiveinstructive investigativeinvestigative PractitionersPractitioners Neumann, Dahlke,Neumann, Dahlke, Zimmermann etc.Zimmermann etc. passive,passive, maintenancemaintenance SponsorsSponsors Humboldt, Wagner,Humboldt, Wagner, Goethe, Hesse etc.Goethe, Hesse etc. active, promotionactive, promotion LARGES T
  • 40. 4040 3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem3. Der Unterschied zwischen einem Philosophen und einem WeisenPhilosophen und einem Weisen
  • 41. 4141 EinEin PhilosophPhilosoph ist ein klugerist ein kluger Mensch herausragend durch seineMensch herausragend durch seine Weisheit und gesunde Urteilskraft.Weisheit und gesunde Urteilskraft. EinEin WeiserWeiser ist ein kluger Menschist ein kluger Mensch herausragend durch seineherausragend durch seine Weisheit und durch Erfahrung.Weisheit und durch Erfahrung.
  • 42. 4242 […] wisdom is a form of goodness, and is not scientific knowledge but another kind of cognition. (Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics 1246b, 35).
  • 43. 4343 Weisheit wurde zunaechst denWeisheit wurde zunaechst den DichternDichtern nachgesagt, und imnachgesagt, und im Laufe der Zeit den SophoiLaufe der Zeit den Sophoi zugeschrieben. Alszugeschrieben. Als SophosSophos bezeichnen wir jemanden der– imbezeichnen wir jemanden der– im Gegensatz zu den spaeterenGegensatz zu den spaeteren PhilosophenPhilosophen – nicht mehr auf der– nicht mehr auf der Suche nach ihr ist, sondern dieSuche nach ihr ist, sondern die Weisheit schon gefunden hat.Weisheit schon gefunden hat. (Spengler, 1918)(Spengler, 1918)
  • 44. 4444 Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 1 大哉圣人之道!洋洋乎!发育万物,峻极于天,优优大哉!礼仪三百,威 仪三千,待其人而后行。故曰,苟不至德,至道不凝焉。故君子尊德性而 道问学,致广大而尽精微,极高明而道中庸。溫故而知新,敦厚以崇礼。 (Confucius, Zhongyong, XXVII 1-6) How great is the path proper to the Sage! Like overflowing water, it sends forth and nourishes all things, and rises up to the height of heaven. All-complete is its greatness! It embraces the three hundred rules of ceremony, and the three thousand rules of demeanor. It waits for the proper man, and then it is trodden. Hence it is said, "Only by perfect virtue can the perfect path, in all its courses, be made a fact." Therefore, the superior man honors his virtuous nature, and maintains constant inquiry and study, seeking to carry it out to its breadth and greatness, so as to omit none of the more exquisite and minute points which it embraces, and to raise it to its greatest height and brilliancy, so as to pursue the course of the Mean. He cherishes his old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety. (The Doctrine of the Mean, XXVII 1-6, Legge)
  • 45. 4545 Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 2 故君子力事日彊,願欲日逾,設壯日盛。君子之道也,貧則見廉,富則見 義,生則見愛,死則見哀。四行者不可虛假,反之身者也。藏於心者,無 以竭愛。動於心者,無以竭恭。出於口者,無以竭馴。暢之四支,接之肌 膚,華髮隳顛而猶弗舍者,其唯聖人乎! The way of the superior man makes the individual incorruptible in poverty and righteous when wealthy; it makes him love the living and mourn the dead. These four qualities of conduct cannot be hypocritically embodied in one's personality. There is nothing in his mind that goes beyond love; there is nothing in his behaviour that goes beyond respectfulness, and there is nothing from his mouth that goes beyond gentility. When one pursues such a way until it pervades his four limbs and permeates his flesh and skin, and until he becomes white-haired and bald-headed without ceasing, one is truly a sage. (Mozi, Book One, Self-cultivation)
  • 46. 4646 Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 3 孟子曰:  " 伯夷 , 聖之清者也; 伊尹 , 聖之任者也; 柳下惠 , 聖之和 者也; 孔子 , 聖之時者也 . 孔子之謂集大成 . 集大成也者 , 金聲而玉振 之也 . 金聲也者 , 始條理也; 玉振之也者 , 終條理也 . 始條理者 , 智之 事也; 終條理者 , 聖之事也 . 智 , 譬則巧也; 聖 , 譬則力也 . 由射於百 步之外也 , 其至 , 爾力也; 其中 , 非爾力也 ." ( 孟子,万章下 ) Mencius said: "Bo Yi among the sages was the pure one; Yi Yin among the sages was the one most inclined to take office; Hui of Liu Xia among the sages was the accommodating one; and Confucius among the sages was the timeous one. In Confucius we have what is called a complete concert. A complete concert is when the large bell proclaims the commencement of the music, and the ringing stone proclaims its close. The metal sound commences the blended harmony of all the instruments, and the winding up with the stone terminates that blended harmony. The commencing that harmony is the work of wisdom. The terminating that harmony is the work of sageness. As a comparison for wisdom, we may liken it to skill, and as a comparison for sageness, we may liken it to strength - as in the case of shooting at a mark a hundred paces distant. That you reach it is owing to your strength, but that you hit the mark is not owing to your strength.' (Mencius, Wan Zhang II))
  • 47. 4747 Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 4 惟木從繩則正 , 後從諫則聖 . 後克聖 , 臣不命其承 , 疇敢不祗若王之休 命 ? ( 伊訓 , 說命上 , 4) And Yue said to the king, 'Wood by the use of the line is made straight, and the sovereign who follows reproof is made sage. When the sovereign can (thus) make himself sage, his ministers, without being specially commanded, anticipate his orders - who would dare not to act in respectful compliance with this excellent charge of your Majesty?' (Instructions of Yi, Charge to Yue I, 4)
  • 48. 4848 Textbeispiel (Charakteristiken der Shengren) 5 所以圣人守道 , 为天下人树立了好的典范。 不自我表扬 , 反而显明 ; 不自以为是 , 反而彰显 ; 不自己夸耀 , 反而见功 ; 不自我矜持 , 反而长久。 正因不与人争 , 所以天下没有人跟他争。 (Laozi, Dao De Jing, The Way and Its Power, XXII) Therefore the sage embraces the One and is a model for the empire. He does not show himself, and so is conspicuous; He does not consider himself right, and so is illustrious; He does not brag, and so has merit; He does not boast, and so endures. It is because he does not contend that no one in the empire is in aposition to contend with him. (Laoxi, Dao De Jing, The Way and Its Power, XXII, D. C. Lau [en])
  • 49. 4949 4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?4. (K)Eine Kultur fuer die Weisen?
  • 50. 5050 Buddhism is a culture that includesBuddhism is a culture that includes Religious doctrineReligious doctrine FoodFood Places of worshipPlaces of worship ClothingClothing MusicMusic MonumentsMonuments FestivalsFestivals ArchitectureArchitecture RitualsRituals LanguageLanguage CustomsCustoms PractisePractise ValuesValues ArtsArts
  • 51. 5151 Buddhism is a culture that includesBuddhism is a culture that includes Religious doctrineReligious doctrine FoodFood Places of worshipPlaces of worship ClothingClothing MusicMusic MonumentsMonuments FestivalsFestivals ArchitectureArchitecture RitualsRituals LanguageLanguage CustomsCustoms PractisePractise   念经,深思念经,深思 ,坐禅,念佛…,坐禅,念佛… ValuesValues ArtsArts
  • 52. 5252 Das Konzept des “Weisen” in der deutschen KulturDas Konzept des “Weisen” in der deutschen Kultur 1. Sophos, the wise man. (Socrates) 2. The Stoic sage. 3. Three wise men. (Oriental sage) 4. Nathan der Weise. (Lessing) 5. Die weise alte Frau, der weise alte Mann (Maerchen) 6. Referred to a melody is means "elevated", "archaic". (Weise also means outdated.) 7. The Wise man as archetype. (Grimm/Jung) 8. Wise persons in fiction. (Fantasy literature). Pejorativum: abschaetziges Wort (abwertend, herabsetzend, verschlechternd, negativer Sinnbezug: archaisch, stoisch, exotisch, mystisch, maerchenhaft, alt, gebrechlich, zynisch, besserwisserisch, brotlos, fiktiv, etc.)
  • 53. 5353
  • 54. 5454 One could say then, that Germany had Buddhist religious texts, butOne could say then, that Germany had Buddhist religious texts, but lackedlacked the experience ofthe experience of BuddhismBuddhism in all other aspects. In fact, unlike the British empiricists who colonized India, who holdin all other aspects. In fact, unlike the British empiricists who colonized India, who hold a dialog with India (however imbalanced), the Germans initiated a grand, stageda dialog with India (however imbalanced), the Germans initiated a grand, staged monologuemonologue on itson its own soil, aown soil, a theorizingtheorizing (as in Schopenhauer’s(as in Schopenhauer’s World as Will and ImaginationWorld as Will and Imagination) about theories (in a) about theories (in a French translation of a Persion translation of a Sanskrit version of theFrench translation of a Persion translation of a Sanskrit version of the UpanishadsUpanishads) on Indian) on Indian thought (the Vedicthought (the Vedic UpanishadsUpanishads) from a far away place (India) (Winternitz, 1910, Bd. I). Indeed,) from a far away place (India) (Winternitz, 1910, Bd. I). Indeed, especially theespecially the legions of Germanlegions of German orientalistsorientalists were so occupied with thewere so occupied with the philological methodphilological method, with, with genealogygenealogy,, hermeneuticshermeneutics,, grammargrammar, and, and textual analysistextual analysis, that the, that the philosophersphilosophers, possibly, possibly intimidated for their lack of expert knowledge, had to retreat to grand ideas and, if expert opinionintimidated for their lack of expert knowledge, had to retreat to grand ideas and, if expert opinion was needed, had to refer to secondary sources; in case of Schopenhauer, who never learnedwas needed, had to refer to secondary sources; in case of Schopenhauer, who never learned Sanskrit or visited India – he had to refer to hearsay. It is this lack of experience in the Buddhist orSanskrit or visited India – he had to refer to hearsay. It is this lack of experience in the Buddhist or Hindu traditions, that no reading of how many books can remedy, thisHindu traditions, that no reading of how many books can remedy, this lack of spiritual experiencelack of spiritual experience, I, I say, that inhibited Germany to fully embrace Buddhist mysticism and to develop its own branch ofsay, that inhibited Germany to fully embrace Buddhist mysticism and to develop its own branch of German Buddhism.German Buddhism.
  • 55. 5555 Wilhelm von Humboldt’s 1810 German education reformWilhelm von Humboldt’s 1810 German education reform Das preussische Bildungssystem war fuer den Deutschen Orientalismus richtungsweisend
  • 56. 5656 WWithith philosophersphilosophers taking thetaking the placesplaces ofof sagessages in Europein Europe, Buddhism could not, Buddhism could not strive or live by itself, as expressed in that attributive ‘strive or live by itself, as expressed in that attributive ‘GermanGerman Buddhism’, but ratherBuddhism’, but rather was treated as dry-good import, a theorizing about awas treated as dry-good import, a theorizing about a Buddhist fossil brought toBuddhist fossil brought to German soilGerman soil, as signified in this locative ‘Buddhism, as signified in this locative ‘Buddhism in Germany’in Germany’. This situation is. This situation is best observed in the traditional, rational European, and particularbest observed in the traditional, rational European, and particular analyticalanalytical GermanGerman way of transcribing all Sanskrit texts intoway of transcribing all Sanskrit texts into Latin scriptLatin script andand carefullycarefully dissecting thosedissecting those foreign textsforeign texts as if they were insects on a pin-board. Perhaps the closest concept to aas if they were insects on a pin-board. Perhaps the closest concept to a sage in Germany is that of the typical biblicalsage in Germany is that of the typical biblical mysticmystic, often associated with the, often associated with the Dominican or Jesuit Order, such as Meister Eckhart (1260-1328), Heinrich Seuse (c.Dominican or Jesuit Order, such as Meister Eckhart (1260-1328), Heinrich Seuse (c. 1300-1366), Tauler (c. 1300-1361), or Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) (Levy-Bruhl,1300-1366), Tauler (c. 1300-1361), or Jakob Boehme (1575-1624) (Levy-Bruhl, 1890). Even among the1890). Even among the missionariesmissionaries who went to Asia and spread the Gospel, nonewho went to Asia and spread the Gospel, none of them is remembered or referred to asof them is remembered or referred to as sagesage. Needless to say, none of the. Needless to say, none of the EuropeanEuropean mysticsmystics was connected to Indian religions: they all werewas connected to Indian religions: they all were ChristianChristian mysticsmystics.. One could put it this way, thatOne could put it this way, that existence ofexistence of sagessages is quite un-European.is quite un-European.””
  • 57. 5757
  • 58. 5858 The inversion of the argument:The inversion of the argument: In early China and Japan – noIn early China and Japan – no philosophers?philosophers? ““What Japan is lackingWhat Japan is lacking until today isuntil today is philosophy […]” Nakaephilosophy […]” Nakae Chomin (1901)Chomin (1901) Rem:Rem: rigakurigaku andand tetsugakutetsugaku werewere commenly usedcommenly used Does the West haveDoes the West have anything correspondinganything corresponding to “jingto “jing”” 经经 ,, “shi“shi”” 师师 ,, “dao”“dao” 道道 or “or “shenshen/zen/zen 神神 ?? Rem:Rem:    Philosophy “zhe”Philosophy “zhe” 哲哲 waswas introduced via Japan to China, in theintroduced via Japan to China, in the same way “fo”same way “fo” 佛佛 was introduced fromwas introduced from India via China to Japan.India via China to Japan.
  • 59. 5959 Wer hat vielleicht das Zeug zum Weisen?Wer hat vielleicht das Zeug zum Weisen? Goethe, Universalgelehrter, Dichter, undGoethe, Universalgelehrter, Dichter, und Schriftgelehrter (-steller), wird in JapanSchriftgelehrter (-steller), wird in Japan und China als “Shengren”, “Kenjin” oderund China als “Shengren”, “Kenjin” oder Weiser verehrt.Weiser verehrt. Weise sind immer Vertreter desWeise sind immer Vertreter des Mittelweges:Mittelweges: ““Wir erfahren die Religioese zunaechstWir erfahren die Religioese zunaechst als Erkenntnis eines Weltherrschers;als Erkenntnis eines Weltherrschers; sodann als Erkenntnis unserersodann als Erkenntnis unserer Bedingtheit und Kleinheit; schliesslichBedingtheit und Kleinheit; schliesslich als Erkenntnis der Gleichnishaftigkeitals Erkenntnis der Gleichnishaftigkeit im sittlichen Leben mit anderen.“im sittlichen Leben mit anderen.“
  • 61. 6161 Obwohl oestliche Gedanken massiv in die deutsche akademische Welt einflossen, auch mit besonderem Interesse am philologischen, wissenschaftlichen, und theologischen Gehalt buddhistischer Schriften – jedoch: allgemein gilt: es gab nachweislich keine kulturelle oder spirituelle Erfahrung seitens der Philosophen und der Orientalisten. Es gibt Buddhismus in Deutschland, aber kein Deutschen Buddhismus
  • 62. 6262 Als Konsequenz, bis heute, darf man ruhigAls Konsequenz, bis heute, darf man ruhig sagen, dass das Kulturverstaendnis dersagen, dass das Kulturverstaendnis der Deutschen und deren Ansichten, Prinzipien undDeutschen und deren Ansichten, Prinzipien und Prioritaeten sich keineswegs mit China undPrioritaeten sich keineswegs mit China und dem Orient deckt; Deutschland, aus dendem Orient deckt; Deutschland, aus den vorhergegangen Gruenden, ist und bleibt:vorhergegangen Gruenden, ist und bleibt: Kein Land fuer die WeisenKein Land fuer die Weisen ““NNoo CCountry forountry for SSages”.ages”. Schlußsatz:
  • 63. 6363 5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China5. Die Zukunft der Weisen in China und Deutschlandund Deutschland (oder:(oder: Welche Rolle spielt heute Weisheit in einer Gesellschaft,Welche Rolle spielt heute Weisheit in einer Gesellschaft, wo das Wissen dominiert?wo das Wissen dominiert?))
  • 65. 6565 说 圣 邪 , 是 相 于 艺 也 ; 说 知 邪 , 是 相 于 疵 也 . Delight in sageness is helpful to ingenious contrivancesDelight in sageness is helpful to ingenious contrivances (sinnreiche Findungen);(sinnreiche Findungen); Delight in knowledge contributes toDelight in knowledge contributes to fault-finding.fault-finding. (Zhuangzi, Outer Chapters, Letting Be, and Exercising(Zhuangzi, Outer Chapters, Letting Be, and Exercising Forbearance)Forbearance)
  • 66. 6666 Der Orientalische Weise The Oriental Sage Chomsky, Noam (1969), American Power and the New Mandarins Ringer, Fritz (1990), The Decline of the German Mandarins: The German Academic Community, 1890-1933 Morris, Charles R. (2009), The Sages: Warren Buffett, George Soros, Paul Volcker, and the Maelstrom of Markets Jarvis, James (2006), Vortigern’s Machine And the Great Sage of Wisdom Sage Leaders and Sage Leadership in Business-, Religion-, and Statecraft – An Archetype after Carl Jung
  • 67. 6767 An example of Sage Leadership: “Top 10 Points to Consider About Sage Leadership” 1. Sage is an Archetypical Metaphor. 2. The Sage Archetype occurs in people and in systems. 3. Certain people are pre-disposed to the Sage Archetype. 4. Certain systems are pre-disposed to the Sage Archetype. 5. Sage Archetypes are particular operational principles 6. The evidence of "Sage Archetype" can be measured. 7.  Sages are necessary but not sufficient for sage cultures. 8. Ecologies can be designed to promote sageness. 9. Leaders can become sage-like, but sageness is inborn. 10. Organizations can create the principles of sageness.

Editor's Notes

  1. The haves and the not-haves.
  2. Es geht also im Original Gedicht gar nicht um die Old Men, sondern um die Sages!
  3. Ladies and Gentlemen: Der Kern dieses Vortrages!
  4. Yuhuu!
  5. Dass der Buddhismus aus dem Osten kommt, seie bekannt (und gefuerchtet)!
  6. Es gab sogar optimistische Pessimisten. (Schopenhauer schaut immer ganz gruselig)
  7. Ja, es ging sogar so weit, dass Einstein gesehen wurde als…
  8. Buddha, oder zumindest ein buddha-aehnliches Wesen.
  9. Generell mit fernoestlicher Mystik, auch mit der Hindu Mystik, wollte Einstein unbedingt anbinden. Der Osten, stereotypisch, steht ja fuer Weisheit. Ist Einstein also ein Weiser, also ein “sage”?
  10. Das ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen; nicht jeder Philosoph ist ein Weiser. Aber sind alle Weisen zwanglaeufig auch mal Philosophen (gewesen)?
  11. Den Bogen wieder nach China geschlagen.
  12. Hier eine Zkizze zum Auffbau der Lehre ueber den Buddhismus in Deutschland. So funktioniert eine Gesellschaft die ohne Weisen auskommen muss, dafuer aber traditionell Philosophen foerdert. Das Resultat ist, ganz allgemein: Das Philosophieren ueber Buddhismus in Deutschland.
  13. So muesse die deutsche Gesellschaft gestaltet sein, um eine Kultur fuer die Weisen darzustellen.
  14. Was genau ist denn jetzt der Unterschied?
  15. Sophos, Weisheit. Philosoph ist natuerlich: Die Liebe zur Weisheit. Griechen und Roemer sagen: der Unterschied liegt in der Liebe zur Weisheit, denn die Weisen kommen ohne aus. Der Weise liebt nicht, sucht nicht. Er hat die Weisheit schon. Alexander Nehamas (Princeton University): “the philosopher, "whose credit rests upon the force of his argument rather than upon the truth of his conclusions," and the sage, "whose structures of language, even when they are argumentative, are evaluated by the use of other than logical criteria,“ […]
  16. Es gibt keine chinesische “Shengren” (Weise), konfuzianische “Junzi” (ein sanftmuetiger, ehrenwerter Mensch”), oder taoistische “Zhenren” (eine authentische und ehrliche Person).
  17. Wir haben all dies nicht in Deutschland, daher koennen wir uns einen orientalischen Weisen nur Vorstellen oder bestaunen. Bei uns in Deutschland ist das Wort “Weiser” eigentlich eher archaisch zu gebrauchen…
  18. The deutschen Orientalisten und die philologische Methoden: Genealogy, Texthermeneutik, Grammatik und Rechtschreibung, Textanalyse etc. Keine Erfahrung, nur ein Gruebeln und Sinnen ueber die moegliche Erfahrung. Zweitsourcen, keine spirituelle Erfahrung, nur ein theorisieren.
  19. Wir lernen heute noch Latein, Griechisch, Philosophie etc. Die Suche nach Ursprung, wer wir sind und woher wir kamen: Das Interesse and Indien und China waechst.
  20. Das Konzept von den Weisen ist “un-Europaeisch”.
  21. Ancient sages of Greek, for example, were Solon of Athens, Chilon of Sparta, Thales of Miletus, Bias of Priene, Cleobulus of Lindos, Pittacus of Mitylene, Periander of Corinth, The Wise Men of Egypt, Ancient sages of China, for example, were Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove (ch: 竹林七賢 [Zhúlín Qī Xián] , e. g. Ruan Ji, Xi Kang, Liu Ling, Shan Tao, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu, Wang Rong), other Ancient sages were the Sages of Talmudic (of the Jewish tradition), the Navaratnas (Hindu tradition), Śākyamuni, The Buddha, the Zen Patriachs (e. g. Ananda, Nagarjuna, Asvaghosa etc.), Chinese Confucius, Lao Zi, Mencius, Zhuang Zi, Hui Neng, Mo Zi, Japanese Honen, Shinran, the Ten Sikh Gurus (e. g. Guru Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh etc.), most of what we now refer to as Hindu saints (e. g. Raghavendra Swami, Jagadguru Mahaprabhu Shri Vallabhacharya etc.), and, globally, many modern-day sages like Paramahansa Yogananda, Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj, Shirdi Sai Baba, Ji Xianlin, Ren Jiyu, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Swami Sivandanda Saraswati, Gandhi, Ikeda Daisaku, and the Dalai Lama (to name but a few).
  22. Hier hoffe ich um Ideen und Meinungen aus dem Publikum. Bis hierhin, Vielen Dank!
  23. Erleben die Weisen eine Renaissance?