Solar Harvesting - PV’s

                          Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater




                         Lightweight Steel Frame




                             Extract Vents


                          Chicken Run                                                                               Hen Hangar


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                                                                                                                                                                       Key
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                                                                                                                                                                       Heat Transfer - Water
                                                                                                                                                                       Heat Transfer - Air
                                                                                                                                                                       Typical Floor Layout
Dr. Dickson Despommier
The Vertical Farm:
     Keystone Concept to the Sustainable Eco-city




                     July 17, 2011

DICKSON                     EMERITUS PROFESSOR
                            COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
DESPOMMIER, Ph.D.
Yesterday’s
  Visions
In the past, we envisioned a domed city to protect us from nature




            Buckminster Fuller’s domed Manhattan
Today, we dome our endangered plants to protect them from us!




                                                 Eden Project
                                                 Cornwall England
Tomorrow’s
Metropolis?
The “Jetsons” Vision
Eco-socialists View of Utopia
…or worse!
Imminent Utopia
   Kris Kuksi
The Challenges

Safe and Abundant Water Supply

Food Safety and Security

Engaging Society in Environmental Sustainability

Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels
Agricultural
                 Footprint
      Billion
6.8   People




                         Not including grazing lands
World Population Growth
Billion
    10
                    By the year 2050 our species will increase
     8              by another 3 billion people
     6
     4                                                                                          Developing
                                                                                                   Regions
     2
                                                                                Industrialized Regions
     0

          1750     1800              1850              1900              1950              2000         2050
                 Sources: United Nations Population Division and Population References Bureau, 1993
6.8
          Agricultural Footprint



          +                              3
                                        Billion
                                        People
Billion
People


                    Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global
                                    Environmental Change


                                     David Tilman, et al.
                            SCIENCE Vol 292—April, 2001
80%
of the Earth’s available land
      is already farmed
20% of US Fossil
 Herbicides      Fuel Use
                                                Food




   requires                  AGRICULTURE   produces




                                             Agricultural
Fertilizers     Pesticides
                                               Runoff
     70% of Available
       Fresh Water
Agricultural Runoff is Destroying the World’s Oceans




<10
10–20
20–40
40–60
60–80
>80




Percent Increase
in TN River Flux




                   Dead Zones                           US Floods:
                                                     1993, 2007, 2008
Within 20 years, 80% of us will
   live in cities or suburbs
Cities:
   Footprint = 2-3% of Earth’s land mass

Responsible for 70% of our carbon emissions
The City

Resources in                  Wastes out
   Water                         Solids
  Energy                         Liquids
   Food         “Black Box”      Gasses
Neither Were Yesterday’s Cities
                Jericho
               Babylon
                  Troy
        All Mesoamerican Cities
            Memphis (Egypt)
                Sparta
               Carthage
                 Rome
              Angkor Wat
Provide a
  sustainable, safe           Repair
      and abundant      AND
                              Earth’s
    food and water            damaged
supply for 10 billion         ecosystems?
            people?



                    Can We?
We Can If we Want To
The Future of Agriculture: Growing Soilless




Hydroponics      Aeroponics      Drip Irrigation
Look At What We Can Do Now


                             Lettuce from Tennessee




                  Tomatoes
Rice from Japan

                              EuroFresh Farms, Willcox, Arizona
Endless Possibilities
The Hydroponic Shopping Cart
        Berries                        Legumes           Leafy Greens           Herbs & Spices
        Blackcurrant                   Soybeans          Asparagus              Arugula
        Blueberry                      Peanuts           Butterhead Lettuce     Banana Pepper
        Cranberry                                        Broccoli Brussels      Bay Leaves
        Huckleberry                                      Sprout Cauliflower      Chile Peppers
        Loganberries                                     Celery                 Chervil
        Raspberry                      Melons
           Charita Lettuce        Chives
        Strawberry                     Cantaloupe        Chinese Cabbage        Cilantro
                                       Muskamelon        Collared Greens        Cinnamon Basil
        Bush Vegetables                Pumpkin,          Estelle Lettuce        Coriander
        Green Bean                     Watermelon        Garlic Chives          Curry Leaf Dill
        Tomato-- beefsteak, campari,                     Green Coral Lettuce,   Fennel
          plum, cherry, globe          Root Vegetables   Green Oak Leaf         French Tarragon
                                       Beet              Lettuce,               Green Basil
        Specialty Crops                Belgian Endive    Kale                   Lavender
        Coffee                         Carrot            Kuala Lettuce          Lemon Basil
        Grapes                         Onions            Mizuna Mustard         Lemon Thyme
        Luffa Sponge                   Potato            Peas                   Marjoram Mint
        Olives                         Radish            Red Coral Lettuce      Opal Basil
        Sunflower                       Sweet Potato      Red Oak Leaf           Oregano
                                                         Lettuce
        Wheat Grass                                                             Parsley
                                                         Romaine Lettuce
                                       Grains                                   Rocket
                                                         Roxy Lettuce,
        Vine Vegetables                Barley                                   Rosemary
                                                         Spinach
        Cucumber                       Corn,                                    Sage Sakura Cress
                                                         Swiss Chard
        Eggplant                       Wheat                                    Thai Basil
                                                         Upland Cress
        Okra                           Rice                                     Watercress
        Squash                                                                  Yellow Pea Shoots
Hydroponics
        Sweet Bell Pepper
        Zucchini
Apply these proven indoor    The Result:
agricultural strategies to
growing food in buildings
located within the urban
                             Vertical
landscape…                   Farming
Advantages of a Vertical Farm

5      ALLOWS RESTORATION OF DAMAGED
       ECOSYSTEMS
       USES 70% LESS WATER, NO AGRO-
4      CHEMICALS, NO FOSSIL FUELS

3      NO CROP LOSS FROM SEVERE
       WEATHER EVENTS

2      YEAR ROUND CROP PRODUCTION


1      NO AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
Advantages of a Vertical Farm
       CAN GROW BIO-FUELS,
10     PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS

9      USES ABANDONED CITY PROPERTIES

       SUPPLIES FRESH PRODUCE FOR
8      INNER CITY DWELLERS

7      CREATES NEW JOBS


6      REMEDIATES GRAY WATER
Creating The Eco-City
Look To Nature




http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/
Nature’s Master Plan:
  The Ecosystem
Biodiversity
Balance
Resiliency
Sustainability
Ecosystems “Live Within Their Means”




Solar Constant = 2 calories/cm2/minute
Ecosystems


Everyone gets
their fair share




                   Terrestrial   Aquatic
The Vertical Farm: Key to Eco-Urbanization



                     The Vertical Farm is the
                     centerpiece for creating an
                     eco-city in which all human
                     activities reflect ecological
                     process.
Vertical Farm Tool Box



   Hydroponics                     Automation
    Aeroponics                     Water Re-capture
  Drip Irrigation                  Passive Energy
Waste-to-Energy                    LED Lighting
The Sustainable Eco-City
                 (employs cutting-edge technologies)


CITY DRINKING                         Vertical                        CITY ENERGY
    WATER                              Farm                               GRID


                                        Food
Potable Water                                                           Energy
                             Metabolic By-Products (urine,
                                        feces)

  Gray Water                                                             Plasma
  Remediation                Liquid Municipal Waste                     Gasification

                Gray Water                                   Sludge
Can we
actually do
any of this?
We are already doing it
Santa Ana, California



Black water   Gray water   Drinking water
Purifying gray water into drinking water
  creates other problems, like social
               marketing
Plasma Arc Gasification is Gaining Traction in Japan
The Rise Of Vertical Farms
 ___________________________________

               Nuvege – Kyoto, Japan

           PlantLab – Den Bosch, Holland

            Cevesca 2 story VF – Seattle
5 Story retro-fitted office block – Manchester, England

        Growing Power 5 story VF – Milwaukee

            3 story VF – Jackson, Wyoming
Seoul, Korea
Nuvege
Kyoto, Japan
Holland
Jackson, Wyoming
Growing Power 5 Story Vertical Farm
Cities Planning A Vertical Farm
       _______________

          Singapore
      Manchester, England
       Milwaukee, USA
      Jackson Hole, USA
Cities interested in creating a vertical farm

New York City (2008 presentation to Manhattan Boro president’s office, Scott Stringer)
Newark, NJ (2 presentations - 2009,2010 - to Mayor’s office, Stephan Pryor)
Jersey City, NJ (2010 presentation to City planners office)
Chicago, Ill.
Newark, Delaware
Beijing, China (Conference on metropolitan agriculture)
Incheon, Korea (2007 presentation to City planners office)
Singapore
Vancouver, Canada
Surrey, Canada (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)
Milan, Italy (Expo 2015 organizers)
Las Vegas, Nevada
Amman, Jordan (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)
Doha, Qatar
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
It’s time to stop talking…
   …and START DOING!
Save Water
Farm Smart
Help Keep Our
 Blue Planet
    Green!
Thank You!
Solar Harvesting - PV’s

                          Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater




                         Lightweight Steel Frame




                             Extract Vents


                          Chicken Run                                                                               Hen Hangar


                                                                                                                                                                                  Algae
                          Bee Hives                                                                                                                                                             Duckw
                                                                                                                                                                                                         eed
                                                                                                                                                                                Proto
                                                                                                                                                                                     zoa
                                                                                                                                                                                                Plankt
                                                                                                                                                                                                         on

                                                                                                                                                                                       Shrim
                                                                                                                                                                                             p
                                                                                                                                                                                       Fish F /
                                                                                                                                                                                             ry




             alphafarm.org
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                              Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms                                                                                      S
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                                                                                                                                      A  ER
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                                Education Space
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                                                                                                                                      P AS
                                                                                                                                         U
                                                                      O2

                                                                                                                                        Q IC RE
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                Primary Growing Space
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                                                                                                                                         R
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External Growing Space                                                                                                                                                                       Re ective
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                                                                           Drum Composter


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                                                                                                                                                                              N




                                                                                                                                                                       Key
                                                                                                                                                        O2   O2   O2   Oxygen Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                       Heat Transfer - Water
                                                                                                                                                                       Heat Transfer - Air
                                                                                                                                                                       Typical Floor Layout

Dickson Despommier in Manchester

  • 1.
    Solar Harvesting -PV’s Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater Lightweight Steel Frame Extract Vents Chicken Run Hen Hangar Algae Bee Hives Duckw eed Proto zoa Plankt on Shrim p Fish F / o ry 90 o 80 70 o UV tion sa rili 60o Ste o 50 40o Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms S IC N PO Storage / Service Space O - A ER RO S YD IC O2 Education Space HON - P AS U O2 Q IC RE AON LTU Retain Existing Facade Primary Growing Space O2 P TICU R PURITY O H External Growing Space Re ective Mirrors CA RI GH FE SK I D H YI IGH EL E H VA IGH LU H Wythernshawe Market e tat os mp Co os t mp Co Drum Composter Local Compost Collection N Key O2 O2 O2 Oxygen Circulation Heat Transfer - Water Heat Transfer - Air Typical Floor Layout
  • 2.
  • 3.
    The Vertical Farm: Keystone Concept to the Sustainable Eco-city July 17, 2011 DICKSON EMERITUS PROFESSOR COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY DESPOMMIER, Ph.D.
  • 5.
  • 6.
    In the past,we envisioned a domed city to protect us from nature Buckminster Fuller’s domed Manhattan
  • 8.
    Today, we domeour endangered plants to protect them from us! Eden Project Cornwall England
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
    Imminent Utopia Kris Kuksi
  • 14.
    The Challenges Safe andAbundant Water Supply Food Safety and Security Engaging Society in Environmental Sustainability Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels
  • 15.
    Agricultural Footprint Billion 6.8 People Not including grazing lands
  • 16.
    World Population Growth Billion 10 By the year 2050 our species will increase 8 by another 3 billion people 6 4 Developing Regions 2 Industrialized Regions 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 Sources: United Nations Population Division and Population References Bureau, 1993
  • 17.
    6.8 Agricultural Footprint + 3 Billion People Billion People Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change David Tilman, et al. SCIENCE Vol 292—April, 2001
  • 18.
    80% of the Earth’savailable land is already farmed
  • 19.
    20% of USFossil Herbicides Fuel Use Food requires AGRICULTURE produces Agricultural Fertilizers Pesticides Runoff 70% of Available Fresh Water
  • 20.
    Agricultural Runoff isDestroying the World’s Oceans <10 10–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 >80 Percent Increase in TN River Flux Dead Zones US Floods: 1993, 2007, 2008
  • 22.
    Within 20 years,80% of us will live in cities or suburbs
  • 23.
    Cities: Footprint = 2-3% of Earth’s land mass Responsible for 70% of our carbon emissions
  • 24.
    The City Resources in Wastes out Water Solids Energy Liquids Food “Black Box” Gasses
  • 25.
    Neither Were Yesterday’sCities Jericho Babylon Troy All Mesoamerican Cities Memphis (Egypt) Sparta Carthage Rome Angkor Wat
  • 26.
    Provide a sustainable, safe Repair and abundant AND Earth’s food and water damaged supply for 10 billion ecosystems? people? Can We?
  • 27.
    We Can Ifwe Want To
  • 28.
    The Future ofAgriculture: Growing Soilless Hydroponics Aeroponics Drip Irrigation
  • 29.
    Look At WhatWe Can Do Now Lettuce from Tennessee Tomatoes Rice from Japan EuroFresh Farms, Willcox, Arizona
  • 30.
  • 31.
    The Hydroponic ShoppingCart Berries Legumes Leafy Greens Herbs & Spices Blackcurrant Soybeans Asparagus Arugula Blueberry Peanuts Butterhead Lettuce Banana Pepper Cranberry Broccoli Brussels Bay Leaves Huckleberry Sprout Cauliflower Chile Peppers Loganberries Celery Chervil Raspberry Melons Charita Lettuce Chives Strawberry Cantaloupe Chinese Cabbage Cilantro Muskamelon Collared Greens Cinnamon Basil Bush Vegetables Pumpkin, Estelle Lettuce Coriander Green Bean Watermelon Garlic Chives Curry Leaf Dill Tomato-- beefsteak, campari, Green Coral Lettuce, Fennel plum, cherry, globe Root Vegetables Green Oak Leaf French Tarragon Beet Lettuce, Green Basil Specialty Crops Belgian Endive Kale Lavender Coffee Carrot Kuala Lettuce Lemon Basil Grapes Onions Mizuna Mustard Lemon Thyme Luffa Sponge Potato Peas Marjoram Mint Olives Radish Red Coral Lettuce Opal Basil Sunflower Sweet Potato Red Oak Leaf Oregano Lettuce Wheat Grass Parsley Romaine Lettuce Grains Rocket Roxy Lettuce, Vine Vegetables Barley Rosemary Spinach Cucumber Corn, Sage Sakura Cress Swiss Chard Eggplant Wheat Thai Basil Upland Cress Okra Rice Watercress Squash Yellow Pea Shoots Hydroponics Sweet Bell Pepper Zucchini
  • 32.
    Apply these provenindoor The Result: agricultural strategies to growing food in buildings located within the urban Vertical landscape… Farming
  • 33.
    Advantages of aVertical Farm 5 ALLOWS RESTORATION OF DAMAGED ECOSYSTEMS USES 70% LESS WATER, NO AGRO- 4 CHEMICALS, NO FOSSIL FUELS 3 NO CROP LOSS FROM SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS 2 YEAR ROUND CROP PRODUCTION 1 NO AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
  • 34.
    Advantages of aVertical Farm CAN GROW BIO-FUELS, 10 PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS 9 USES ABANDONED CITY PROPERTIES SUPPLIES FRESH PRODUCE FOR 8 INNER CITY DWELLERS 7 CREATES NEW JOBS 6 REMEDIATES GRAY WATER
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
    Ecosystems “Live WithinTheir Means” Solar Constant = 2 calories/cm2/minute
  • 43.
    Ecosystems Everyone gets their fairshare Terrestrial Aquatic
  • 44.
    The Vertical Farm:Key to Eco-Urbanization The Vertical Farm is the centerpiece for creating an eco-city in which all human activities reflect ecological process.
  • 45.
    Vertical Farm ToolBox Hydroponics Automation Aeroponics Water Re-capture Drip Irrigation Passive Energy Waste-to-Energy LED Lighting
  • 46.
    The Sustainable Eco-City (employs cutting-edge technologies) CITY DRINKING Vertical CITY ENERGY WATER Farm GRID Food Potable Water Energy Metabolic By-Products (urine, feces) Gray Water Plasma Remediation Liquid Municipal Waste Gasification Gray Water Sludge
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
    Santa Ana, California Blackwater Gray water Drinking water
  • 50.
    Purifying gray waterinto drinking water creates other problems, like social marketing
  • 51.
    Plasma Arc Gasificationis Gaining Traction in Japan
  • 52.
    The Rise OfVertical Farms ___________________________________ Nuvege – Kyoto, Japan PlantLab – Den Bosch, Holland Cevesca 2 story VF – Seattle 5 Story retro-fitted office block – Manchester, England Growing Power 5 story VF – Milwaukee 3 story VF – Jackson, Wyoming
  • 53.
  • 55.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 60.
    Growing Power 5Story Vertical Farm
  • 61.
    Cities Planning AVertical Farm _______________ Singapore Manchester, England Milwaukee, USA Jackson Hole, USA
  • 62.
    Cities interested increating a vertical farm New York City (2008 presentation to Manhattan Boro president’s office, Scott Stringer) Newark, NJ (2 presentations - 2009,2010 - to Mayor’s office, Stephan Pryor) Jersey City, NJ (2010 presentation to City planners office) Chicago, Ill. Newark, Delaware Beijing, China (Conference on metropolitan agriculture) Incheon, Korea (2007 presentation to City planners office) Singapore Vancouver, Canada Surrey, Canada (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office) Milan, Italy (Expo 2015 organizers) Las Vegas, Nevada Amman, Jordan (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office) Doha, Qatar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 63.
    It’s time tostop talking… …and START DOING!
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
    Help Keep Our Blue Planet Green!
  • 67.
  • 68.
    Solar Harvesting -PV’s Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater Lightweight Steel Frame Extract Vents Chicken Run Hen Hangar Algae Bee Hives Duckw eed Proto zoa Plankt on Shrim p Fish F / ry alphafarm.org o 90 o 80 70 o UV tion sa rili 60o Ste o 50 40o Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms S IC N PO Storage / Service Space O - A ER RO S YD IC O2 Education Space HON - P AS U O2 Q IC RE AON LTU Retain Existing Facade Primary Growing Space O2 P TICU R PURITY O H External Growing Space Re ective Mirrors CA RI GH FE SK I D H YI IGH EL E H VA IGH LU H Wythernshawe Market e tat os mp Co os t mp Co Drum Composter Local Compost Collection N Key O2 O2 O2 Oxygen Circulation Heat Transfer - Water Heat Transfer - Air Typical Floor Layout