Basics of DM and HTN

1. Diabetes & Hypertension
• Overview of Diabetes Mellitus and
Hypertension
• Importance of Lifestyle Modification

2. What is Diabetes Mellitus?
• Chronic metabolic disorder
• High blood glucose levels
• Types: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational

3. Complications of Diabetes
• Heart disease & stroke
• Kidney disease
• Neuropathy
• Retinopathy

4. What is Hypertension?
• Persistent elevation of blood pressure
• ≥140/90 mmHg
• Often asymptomatic (Silent killer)

5. Complications of Hypertension
• Stroke
• Myocardial infarction
• Heart failure
• Chronic kidney disease

6. Lifestyle Modification – Why
Important?
• Improves glycemic control
• Reduces blood pressure
• Prevents complications
• Reduces medication requirement

7. Healthy Diet
• Low salt diet (<5g/day)
• Low sugar & refined carbs
• High fiber (fruits, vegetables)
• Limit saturated fats

8. Physical Activity
• At least 150 minutes/week moderate exercise
• Brisk walking, cycling, swimming
• Muscle strengthening twice weekly

9. Weight Management
• Maintain healthy BMI
• Reduce abdominal obesity
• Gradual & sustained weight loss

10. Avoid Tobacco & Alcohol
• Stop smoking
• Limit alcohol intake
• Avoid binge drinking

11. Stress Management & Sleep
• Adequate sleep (7–8 hours)
• Yoga, meditation
• Stress reduction techniques

12. Monitoring & Follow Up
• Regular BP monitoring
• Blood glucose monitoring
• Regular doctor follow-up

13. Key Take Home Message
• Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone
• Medications work best with healthy habits
• Prevention is better than cure