This document discusses deviance and conformity. It defines social deviance as behavior that violates social norms and not all deviant behavior is criminal. It describes different types of crimes such as crimes against persons, property, morality, and organized crime. It also discusses Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which argues that a gap between cultural goals and legitimate means to achieve them can result in deviant behavior. Merton identified five ways people adapt to this strain: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. The document also covers conformity and why people conform, describing normative, informative, and internalized conformity.

1. DevianceAndConformity
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SOCIAL
DEVIANCE
Contrary to the dominant norms of society
It represents all the social actions of the society
Every crime is a deviant behavior , but every
deviant behavior is not a crime
EXAMPLE: breaking of traffic laws by an
ambulance to save the life of a person

3. TYPESOF
CRIMES  Crimes Against Persons: it is also known as Personal crime
like robbery, rape ,murder and aggravated assault
 They are unevenly distributed in the united states where
young, urban, poor and racial minorities commits these
crimes
 Crimes Against Property: involve theft of property without
bodily harm, such as burglary , auto theft and arson like
personal crimes, young ,urban ,poor and racial minorities
generally commits these crimes more than others

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TYPESOF
CRIMES
 Crimes Against Morality: they are called victimless
crimes because there is no complainant ,or victim
 Examples: illegal drug, illegal gambling and
prostitution
 White Collar Crime: Crimes that are committed by
people of high social status who commits their crimes
in the context of their occupation
 Examples: securities fraud ,embezzlement, money
laundering and corporate fraud

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TYPESOF
CRIMES
 Organized Crime: It is a crime committed by
structured groups involving the distribution of
illegal goods and services to others
 Examples: drugs , weapons, illicit goods and
armed robbery

6. FUNCTIONS
OF DEVIANCE
 It clarifies norms and increases conformity
 Strengthens social bonds among people
reacting to the deviant
 It can help lead to positive social change
 It bring people together
 Encourage social change
 Clarify moral boundaries

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Robert. K
MeronsTheory
of Deviance
OR
SocialStrain
Theory
 Developed by Robert K. Merton in 1938
 Society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals
even though they lack the means to do so
 The role of culture, versus social structure
 It is an analysis of the relationship between culture ,structure and
anomie
 According to the theory, people were expected to pursue this goal
through legitimate means such as education and work
 The dominant cultural message was if you are ambitious , talented and
work hard then income and wealth is the reward
 Merton developed the concept of anomie to describe this imbalance
between cultural goals and institutionalized means
 He argued that such an imbalanced society produces anomie-there is a
strain or tension between the goals and means which produce
unsatisfied aspirations

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ADAPTATIOS
TOSTRAIN
 Merton argued that when individuals are faced with a gap
between their goals and their current status, strain occurs
 People have five ways to adopt:
 Conformity: pursing cultural goals through society
approved goals
 Innovation: unapproved or unconventional means to
obtain culturally approved goals
Example: Dealing drugs or stealing to achieve financial
security
 Ritualism: Using the same socially approved means to
achieved less elusive goals

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ADAPTATIOS
TOSTRAIN
 Retreatism: To reject the both cultural goals and the
means to obtain it, then find a way to escape it
 Rebellion: To reject the cultural goals and means, then
work to replace them
Examples:
 conformist (teacher , doctor)
 Innovators (dealing drugs or stealing to meet financial
needs ,a thief)
 Ritualists ( a student without career plan)
 Rebellion ( terrorist, mass shooters)
 Retreatists ( a homeless person)

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CONFORMITY
 Tendency to align your altitudes , beliefs and
behaviors with those around you
 It is a powerful force that can take the form of
overt social pressure or subtler unconscious
influence
 Conformity involves changing your behaviors in
order to fit in or go along with the people go
around
 It is the process in which people change their
beliefs, attitudes , actions or perceptions to
more closely match those held by groups to
which they belong or by groups whose
approval they desire

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WHY DOWE
CONFORM?
 Researchers have found that people conform
for a different reasons
 In many cases looking to the rest of the group
for clues for how we should behave can actually
be helpful

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TYPESOF
CONFORMITY
The following are some of the major types of
conformity
 Normative conformity involves changing ones
behavior in order to fit in with the group
 Informative conformity happens when a
person lacks knowledge and looks to the group
for information and direction
 Internalization occurs when we change our
behavior because we want to be like another
person
 Compliance involves changing ones behavior
while still internally disagreeing with the group

13. THANKYOU