1. The gingival tissues and periodontium develop through interactions between the oral epithelium and the developing tooth germ. The gingiva contains both epithelial and connective tissue components that derive from these tissues.
2. The junctional epithelium forms as the tooth erupts and replaces the reduced enamel epithelium. It attaches at the cementoenamel junction and maintains this attachment through cellular renewal. The gingival sulcus also develops as the tooth erupts.
3. Cementum begins forming during root development in the prefunctional stage and continues forming throughout life in the functional stage to adapt to forces. It covers the tooth root and attaches the periodontal ligament fibers.
The document discusses the development of teeth from the dental lamina stage through root formation. It begins with the dental lamina forming from oral ectoderm and dividing into the inner dental lamina and outer vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, going through bud, cap, and bell stages as the enamel organ forms. During these stages, the dental papilla and follicle also develop. Root formation is guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which is derived from the enamel organ. The document covers the cellular structures, developmental stages, and clinical considerations around tooth development.
This document summarizes the process of tooth development from the dental lamina through the various stages to clinical considerations. It begins with the dental lamina and vestibular lamina developing from the oral ectoderm. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, going through the bud, cap and bell stages as the enamel organ, dental papilla and follicle form. Root development occurs after crown formation. The stages and common anomalies in tooth development are described to provide dentists with an understanding of this complex process.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the dental lamina stage through the bell stage. It describes how the dental lamina forms and then divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then form from proliferations along the dental lamina, going through the bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage as the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and shape the developing tooth crown. Key cell layers of the enamel organ are discussed.
Tooth development along with clinical importance - Oral histologyKaaviya Subramaniam
Odontogenesis is the process of tooth development from initiation of the dental lamina to formation of the mature tooth. It involves sequential stages of initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation, morphodifferentiation, apposition, and maturation. Key events include formation of the dental lamina and placode, bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, root formation, and maturation. Disturbances at different stages can result in clinical issues like anodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, and dens in dente.
The document summarizes the development and growth process of teeth. It begins with the formation of the primitive oral cavity and buccopharyngeal membrane. It then discusses the development of the primary epithelial band and dental lamina. The key stages of tooth development are described - the bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, and root formation stage. The roles of the enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in determining tooth shape and root development are also summarized.
2. Development of tooth.ppt ODONTOGENESISDrNonithaS
Tooth development occurs through a series of stages beginning with the primary epithelial band which forms the dental lamina. Individual tooth germs develop from thickenings in the dental lamina. Each tooth germ passes through the bud, cap and bell stages characterized by the morphology of the enamel organ and dental papilla. During the bell stage, the enamel organ differentiates into distinct cell layers that will form the enamel and the dental papilla contains cells that will form dentin. The folding of the inner enamel epithelium during this stage determines the future crown pattern of the tooth.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the initial formation of the dental lamina through the various stages of tooth development including bud, cap, and bell stages. It describes how the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and their roles in forming the different tooth structures. Key stages of root formation involving Hertwig's epithelial root sheath are also outlined. Some clinical considerations regarding abnormalities that can arise during tooth development are briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the development of teeth from the dental lamina stage through root formation. It begins with the dental lamina forming from oral ectoderm and dividing into the inner dental lamina and outer vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, going through bud, cap, and bell stages as the enamel organ forms. During these stages, the dental papilla and follicle also develop. Root formation is guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which is derived from the enamel organ. The document covers the cellular structures, developmental stages, and clinical considerations around tooth development.
This document summarizes the process of tooth development from the dental lamina through the various stages to clinical considerations. It begins with the dental lamina and vestibular lamina developing from the oral ectoderm. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, going through the bud, cap and bell stages as the enamel organ, dental papilla and follicle form. Root development occurs after crown formation. The stages and common anomalies in tooth development are described to provide dentists with an understanding of this complex process.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the dental lamina stage through the bell stage. It describes how the dental lamina forms and then divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then form from proliferations along the dental lamina, going through the bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage as the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and shape the developing tooth crown. Key cell layers of the enamel organ are discussed.
Tooth development along with clinical importance - Oral histologyKaaviya Subramaniam
Odontogenesis is the process of tooth development from initiation of the dental lamina to formation of the mature tooth. It involves sequential stages of initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation, morphodifferentiation, apposition, and maturation. Key events include formation of the dental lamina and placode, bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, root formation, and maturation. Disturbances at different stages can result in clinical issues like anodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, and dens in dente.
The document summarizes the development and growth process of teeth. It begins with the formation of the primitive oral cavity and buccopharyngeal membrane. It then discusses the development of the primary epithelial band and dental lamina. The key stages of tooth development are described - the bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, and root formation stage. The roles of the enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in determining tooth shape and root development are also summarized.
2. Development of tooth.ppt ODONTOGENESISDrNonithaS
Tooth development occurs through a series of stages beginning with the primary epithelial band which forms the dental lamina. Individual tooth germs develop from thickenings in the dental lamina. Each tooth germ passes through the bud, cap and bell stages characterized by the morphology of the enamel organ and dental papilla. During the bell stage, the enamel organ differentiates into distinct cell layers that will form the enamel and the dental papilla contains cells that will form dentin. The folding of the inner enamel epithelium during this stage determines the future crown pattern of the tooth.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the initial formation of the dental lamina through the various stages of tooth development including bud, cap, and bell stages. It describes how the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac develop and their roles in forming the different tooth structures. Key stages of root formation involving Hertwig's epithelial root sheath are also outlined. Some clinical considerations regarding abnormalities that can arise during tooth development are briefly mentioned.
1. Tooth development involves interactions between the oral epithelium and underlying neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Molecules and signaling pathways initiate differentiation and morphogenesis of teeth.
2. Neural crest cells constitute much of the mesenchyme of the head and neck, including the connective tissues of dental structures. These ectomesenchymal cells instruct the overlying oral epithelium to begin tooth development.
3. Tooth development proceeds through bud, cap, and bell stages as the enamel organ invaginates and proliferates. Key events include formation of the enamel knot and cord which help pattern the crown, and differentiation of preameloblasts and odontoblasts which begin secre
DENTAL_PULP_AND_PERIRADICULAR_TISSUE (8).pptx, INFLAMMATION, N DISEASESaishwaryakhare5
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the initial formation of the dental lamina through the development of the crown and roots. It describes how the dental pulp develops from the dental papilla and how the interaction between the inner enamel epithelium and ectomesenchyme leads to the formation of dentin, enamel, and cementum. Key stages of tooth development discussed include the bud, cap, and bell stages of the crown as well as the role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in root formation.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the dental lamina. It discusses how the primary epithelial band forms and divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, forming the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle. Teeth progress through developmental stages including the bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, and root formation. The dental lamina gives rise to both primary and permanent teeth before degenerating.
This document provides an overview of tooth development from the primary epithelial band through the various developmental stages including bud, cap and bell stages. It discusses the formation of the vestibular lamina, dental lamina and fate of the dental lamina. Key processes like dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, Hertwig's root sheath formation and root development are summarized. Developmental disorders affecting tooth size, shape, number and structure are also outlined. The document concludes by reviewing agents that can affect tooth development such as vitamin deficiencies and medications.
The document describes the development of teeth from the embryonic stage through eruption. It discusses the key stages of odontogenesis including the initiation of primary tooth buds between 6-8 weeks in utero, and permanent teeth beginning at 20 weeks. The primary stages of development discussed are the bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage. The bud stage is characterized by thickening of the dental lamina. In the cap stage the enamel organ takes on a cap shape with the formation of the dental papilla and follicle inside. In the bell stage the shape of the tooth crown is defined and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
BE UPDATE TO IT,, AS IT IS 3 years back from 2017
Kindly mail me if you feel, needy of this presentation
you can find my mail id @ slide share,,, if not mail me @
sukesh3567@gmail.com.
Good luck
The initiation of tooth development begins at 37 days of development
with formation of a continuous horseshoe-band of thickened epithelium
in the location of upper and lower jaws – Primary Epithelial Band
Dental lamina appears as a thickening
of the oral epithelium adjacent to
condensation of ectomesenchyme
20 areas of enlargement or knobs
appear, which will form tooth buds
for the 20 primary teeth
Not all will appear at the same time.
The first to develop are those of the
anterior mandible region
At this early stage the tooth buds
have already determined their crown morphology
Successional lamina: lamina from
which permanent teeth develop
The dental lamina begins to function
at 6th prenatal week and continues to
15th year of birth (3rd molar)
Tooth development is a continuous process, however can be
divided into 3 stages:
1. Bud Stage
2. Cap Stage
3. Bell Stage
4. Hertwigs epithelial root sheath and root formation
The bud stage is represented by the first epithelial incursion into the ectomesenchyme of the jaw.
The epithelial cells show little if any change in shape or function.
The supporting ectomesenchymal cells are packed closely beneath and around the epithelial bud. As the epithelial bud continues to proliferate into the ectomesenchyme, cellular density increases immediately adjacent to the epithelial outgrowth.
This process is classically referred to as a condensation of the ectomesenchyme.
The epithelium of the dental lamina separated from the underlying ectomesenchyme by basement membrane.
Bud stage is characterized by rounded, localized growth of
epithelium surrounded by proliferating mesenchymal cells,which are packed closely beneath and around the epithelial buds
The transition from bud to cap marks the onset of morphologic differences between tooth germs that give rise to different types of teeth.
Differential cellular division in the epithelial bud initiates a change in shape so that now the epithelial outgrowth assumes a more complex outline with a flattened internal portion along which the mesenchymal condensation densifies.
As the tooth bud grows larger, it drags along with it part of the dental lamina; thus from that point on, the developing tooth is tethered to the dental lamina by an extension called the lateral lamina.
At this early stage of tooth development, identifying the formative elements of the tooth and its supporting tissues is already possible.
The epithelial outgrowth, which superficially resembles a cap sitting on a ball of condensed ectomesenchyme , is still referred to widely as the dental organ but actually should be called the enamel organ, because it eventually will form the enamel of the tooth. Henceforth, the term enamel organ is used.
Condensation of the ectomesenchyme immediately subjacent to the tooth bud caused by lack of extracellular matrix secretion by the cells thus preventing separation.
1. Tooth development begins around the 6th week of gestation with the formation of the primary epithelial band, which divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina.
2. Teeth develop through a series of stages from bud to bell shaped to advanced bell stage when mineralization begins and root formation commences.
3. The dental lamina gives rise to the tooth buds and plays a role in shaping tooth development through later stages. The enamel organ and dental papilla are structures that form within the developing tooth bud.
JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
It is a highly specialized epithelial tissue which divides faster than any other normal epithelium.
The mean turnover time of junctional epithelium is 5–6 days.
The junctional epithelium is basically a stratified, squamous, non-keratinizing epithelium comprising two layers: basal & suprabasal layers.
The junctional epithelium differs from the gingival oral epithelium & sulcular epithelium in origin & structure.
This specialized epithelium ranges in thickness from few cells at its most apical portion to between 15 & 30 cells at its most coronal portion adjacent to the sulcular epithelium, & the cells align themselves in a plane parallel to the tooth surface.
The length of this epithelium is approximately 0.25–1.35 mm.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
The document discusses the complex process of tooth development from initiation to eruption. It begins with the formation of the primary epithelial bands and dental lamina between 6-7 weeks in utero, which give rise to the tooth buds. The buds progress through stages of proliferation, histodifferentiation, and morphodifferentiation to form the crown and root structures. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is responsible for root formation and shape before teeth erupt into the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the development of deciduous and permanent teeth. It begins with an overview of tooth structure, including the crown, neck, root, and hard and soft tissues. Tooth development begins in the 6th week of gestation from two origins - the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. The processes of crown formation and root formation are described. Functional and morphological stages of tooth development are also outlined from initiation through root development. Key stages including the bud, cap, and bell stages are explained in detail.
The document provides an overview of tooth development and growth. It discusses the stages of tooth development from the bud stage to the bell stage. It describes the histology of tooth development including the differentiation of cells in the enamel organ and dental papilla. The formation of the dental lamina and vestibular lamina are also summarized. Tooth development involves a series of interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme leading to the differentiation of specialized cells that deposit the dental tissues.
The early development of tooth from six week of prenatal life. Description of different stages- bud,cap and bell stage and amelogenesis, dentinogenesis. Description of root development.
Development Of Dentition & Occlusionjinishnath
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from pre-natal development through post-natal development in humans. It covers:
- Pre-natal development of teeth including formation of the dental lamina and enamel organs.
- Stages of tooth development including bud, cap, and bell stages.
- Formation of the root and root sheath.
- Theories of tooth eruption.
- Post-natal development from birth through completion of primary dentition and the transitional periods involving eruption of permanent teeth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Tooth development involves interactions between the oral epithelium and underlying neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Molecules and signaling pathways initiate differentiation and morphogenesis of teeth.
2. Neural crest cells constitute much of the mesenchyme of the head and neck, including the connective tissues of dental structures. These ectomesenchymal cells instruct the overlying oral epithelium to begin tooth development.
3. Tooth development proceeds through bud, cap, and bell stages as the enamel organ invaginates and proliferates. Key events include formation of the enamel knot and cord which help pattern the crown, and differentiation of preameloblasts and odontoblasts which begin secre
DENTAL_PULP_AND_PERIRADICULAR_TISSUE (8).pptx, INFLAMMATION, N DISEASESaishwaryakhare5
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the initial formation of the dental lamina through the development of the crown and roots. It describes how the dental pulp develops from the dental papilla and how the interaction between the inner enamel epithelium and ectomesenchyme leads to the formation of dentin, enamel, and cementum. Key stages of tooth development discussed include the bud, cap, and bell stages of the crown as well as the role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in root formation.
The document summarizes the development of teeth from the dental lamina. It discusses how the primary epithelial band forms and divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina. Tooth buds then develop from the dental lamina, forming the enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle. Teeth progress through developmental stages including the bud stage, cap stage, bell stage, and root formation. The dental lamina gives rise to both primary and permanent teeth before degenerating.
This document provides an overview of tooth development from the primary epithelial band through the various developmental stages including bud, cap and bell stages. It discusses the formation of the vestibular lamina, dental lamina and fate of the dental lamina. Key processes like dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, Hertwig's root sheath formation and root development are summarized. Developmental disorders affecting tooth size, shape, number and structure are also outlined. The document concludes by reviewing agents that can affect tooth development such as vitamin deficiencies and medications.
The document describes the development of teeth from the embryonic stage through eruption. It discusses the key stages of odontogenesis including the initiation of primary tooth buds between 6-8 weeks in utero, and permanent teeth beginning at 20 weeks. The primary stages of development discussed are the bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage. The bud stage is characterized by thickening of the dental lamina. In the cap stage the enamel organ takes on a cap shape with the formation of the dental papilla and follicle inside. In the bell stage the shape of the tooth crown is defined and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
BE UPDATE TO IT,, AS IT IS 3 years back from 2017
Kindly mail me if you feel, needy of this presentation
you can find my mail id @ slide share,,, if not mail me @
sukesh3567@gmail.com.
Good luck
The initiation of tooth development begins at 37 days of development
with formation of a continuous horseshoe-band of thickened epithelium
in the location of upper and lower jaws – Primary Epithelial Band
Dental lamina appears as a thickening
of the oral epithelium adjacent to
condensation of ectomesenchyme
20 areas of enlargement or knobs
appear, which will form tooth buds
for the 20 primary teeth
Not all will appear at the same time.
The first to develop are those of the
anterior mandible region
At this early stage the tooth buds
have already determined their crown morphology
Successional lamina: lamina from
which permanent teeth develop
The dental lamina begins to function
at 6th prenatal week and continues to
15th year of birth (3rd molar)
Tooth development is a continuous process, however can be
divided into 3 stages:
1. Bud Stage
2. Cap Stage
3. Bell Stage
4. Hertwigs epithelial root sheath and root formation
The bud stage is represented by the first epithelial incursion into the ectomesenchyme of the jaw.
The epithelial cells show little if any change in shape or function.
The supporting ectomesenchymal cells are packed closely beneath and around the epithelial bud. As the epithelial bud continues to proliferate into the ectomesenchyme, cellular density increases immediately adjacent to the epithelial outgrowth.
This process is classically referred to as a condensation of the ectomesenchyme.
The epithelium of the dental lamina separated from the underlying ectomesenchyme by basement membrane.
Bud stage is characterized by rounded, localized growth of
epithelium surrounded by proliferating mesenchymal cells,which are packed closely beneath and around the epithelial buds
The transition from bud to cap marks the onset of morphologic differences between tooth germs that give rise to different types of teeth.
Differential cellular division in the epithelial bud initiates a change in shape so that now the epithelial outgrowth assumes a more complex outline with a flattened internal portion along which the mesenchymal condensation densifies.
As the tooth bud grows larger, it drags along with it part of the dental lamina; thus from that point on, the developing tooth is tethered to the dental lamina by an extension called the lateral lamina.
At this early stage of tooth development, identifying the formative elements of the tooth and its supporting tissues is already possible.
The epithelial outgrowth, which superficially resembles a cap sitting on a ball of condensed ectomesenchyme , is still referred to widely as the dental organ but actually should be called the enamel organ, because it eventually will form the enamel of the tooth. Henceforth, the term enamel organ is used.
Condensation of the ectomesenchyme immediately subjacent to the tooth bud caused by lack of extracellular matrix secretion by the cells thus preventing separation.
1. Tooth development begins around the 6th week of gestation with the formation of the primary epithelial band, which divides into the dental lamina and vestibular lamina.
2. Teeth develop through a series of stages from bud to bell shaped to advanced bell stage when mineralization begins and root formation commences.
3. The dental lamina gives rise to the tooth buds and plays a role in shaping tooth development through later stages. The enamel organ and dental papilla are structures that form within the developing tooth bud.
JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
It is a highly specialized epithelial tissue which divides faster than any other normal epithelium.
The mean turnover time of junctional epithelium is 5–6 days.
The junctional epithelium is basically a stratified, squamous, non-keratinizing epithelium comprising two layers: basal & suprabasal layers.
The junctional epithelium differs from the gingival oral epithelium & sulcular epithelium in origin & structure.
This specialized epithelium ranges in thickness from few cells at its most apical portion to between 15 & 30 cells at its most coronal portion adjacent to the sulcular epithelium, & the cells align themselves in a plane parallel to the tooth surface.
The length of this epithelium is approximately 0.25–1.35 mm.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
The document discusses the complex process of tooth development from initiation to eruption. It begins with the formation of the primary epithelial bands and dental lamina between 6-7 weeks in utero, which give rise to the tooth buds. The buds progress through stages of proliferation, histodifferentiation, and morphodifferentiation to form the crown and root structures. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is responsible for root formation and shape before teeth erupt into the oral cavity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the development of deciduous and permanent teeth. It begins with an overview of tooth structure, including the crown, neck, root, and hard and soft tissues. Tooth development begins in the 6th week of gestation from two origins - the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. The processes of crown formation and root formation are described. Functional and morphological stages of tooth development are also outlined from initiation through root development. Key stages including the bud, cap, and bell stages are explained in detail.
The document provides an overview of tooth development and growth. It discusses the stages of tooth development from the bud stage to the bell stage. It describes the histology of tooth development including the differentiation of cells in the enamel organ and dental papilla. The formation of the dental lamina and vestibular lamina are also summarized. Tooth development involves a series of interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme leading to the differentiation of specialized cells that deposit the dental tissues.
The early development of tooth from six week of prenatal life. Description of different stages- bud,cap and bell stage and amelogenesis, dentinogenesis. Description of root development.
Development Of Dentition & Occlusionjinishnath
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from pre-natal development through post-natal development in humans. It covers:
- Pre-natal development of teeth including formation of the dental lamina and enamel organs.
- Stages of tooth development including bud, cap, and bell stages.
- Formation of the root and root sheath.
- Theories of tooth eruption.
- Post-natal development from birth through completion of primary dentition and the transitional periods involving eruption of permanent teeth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
2. 2/85
DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVAL TISSUES
• Gingival tissues are composed of a
Superficial epithelium An underlying
of ectodermal origin connective tissue
of mesodermal
origin
• Both these tissues have components which derive
from both the oral mucosa & the developing tooth
germ.
- Listgarten 1972,Mc Kenzie 1988
3. 3/85
• The epithelium of gingival tissues is composed of:
- non keratinized junctional epithelium
- non keratinized sulcular epithelium
- keratinized oral epithelium
4. 4/85
• Gingival connective tissue is largely a fibrous connective
tissue that has elements originating from the oral mucosa
connective tissue & dentogingival fibers originate from
developing dental follicle.
• The gingival tissues associate with tooth via separate
mechanisms.
• The epithelial tissues interface with the tooth
via an epithelial attachment known
as Junctional Epithelium which in
health, is usually located at,
or coronal to the CEJ.
5. 5/85
• The gingival tissues attach to the root surface at
or below the CEJ via fiber insertion into the
cementum.
6. 6/85
• It follows a well defined series of events.
• Prior to eruption of the tooth, Enamel of formed crown is
covered with a few layers of flattened cuboidal cells called
Reduced Enamel Epithelium (REE).
• The basal lamina (EAL) lies in
direct contact with Enamel.
• REE completely encapsulates the
newly formed crown & terminates
at CEJ.
Development of Junctional Epithelium
7. 7/85
• As tooth erupts ,the REE covering the tip of the
crown fuses with the oral epithelium.
• The migrating epithelium produces an epithelial mass
between the oral epithelium & REE so that the tooth
can erupt without bleeding.
• Former ameloblasts do
not divide.
8. 8/85
• Shortly, afterwards it degenerates to result in first
exposure of the crown to the oral cavity.
• First evidence of Junctional Epithelium is seen upon
crown exposure.
• As the tooth continues to
erupt, the conversion of REE into
to Junctional Epithelium
continues.
9. 9/85
• Once, Enamel formation is complete, reduced
ameloblasts attach via hemidesmosomes to a basal
lamina that covers the crown surface referred to as
internal basal lamina of REE.
• This basal lamina extends apically
to CEJ where it loops back to form
an interface between REE &
connective tissue of the mucosa that
surrounds the entire crown.
10. 10/85
Development of Gingival Sulcus
• The gingival sulcus is a shallow, V-shaped space
or groove between the tooth and gingiva.
• It begins to form as the tooth erupts & a
separation occurs between the attached
epithelium & tooth surface.
• Simultaneously, epithelial cells derived from
stratum intermedium also begin to transform into
cells with the appearance of Junctional
Epithelium.
11. 11/85
• Cells from stratum intermedium continue their mitotic
activity.
• Newly formed daughter cells migrate coronally
toward the base of the gingival sulcus
exfoliate
allowing JE to maintain its
structure via constant
renewal process.
12. 12/85
• Gingival sulcus is formed when the tooth erupts into
the oral cavity.
• At that time , JE and REE form a broad band
attached to tooth surface from near the tip of the
crown to the CEJ.
• Gingival sulcus is a shallow V- shaped groove
between the tooth & gingiva that encircles the newly
erupted tip of the crown.
• In newly erupted tooth only Junctional epithelium
persists.
13. 13/85
• Sulcus consists of a shallow space that is
coronal to the attachment of the Junctional
epithelium and bounded by tooth
on one side and sulcular
epithelium on the other.
• The coronal extent of gingival
sulcus is the gingival margin.
14. 14/85
• Junctional epithelium has a free surface at the
bottom of the gingival sulcus.
• Like oral sulcular epithelium and oral
epithelium, Junctional
epithelium is continuously
renewed through cell division
at the basal layer.
• The cells migrate to base
of gingival sulcus where they
are shed.
16. 16/85
DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENTUM
• It is a hard, avascular connective tissue that
covers the anatomic roots of the human teeth.
• It was first described microscopically in 1835 by
two pupils of purkinje.
• It begins at the cervical portion of
the tooth at the CEJ and continues
to the apex.
18. 18/85
Prefunctional stage :
• Cementum is formed during the root
development
• Human roots form over an extended period of
time ranging between 3.75 – 7.75 yrs for the
permanent tooth.
• Hence, Prefunctional development of Cementum
is a long lasting procedure.
20. 20/85
• Adaptive & reparative processes are carried out
by the biological responsiveness of Cementum
influences the alterations in the distribution &
appearance of Cementum varieties on the root
surface with time.
21. 21/85
CEMENTOGENESIS
• After completion of crown
formation the cells of the
inner and outer enamel
epithelium form the bilayer of
cells known as Hertwig’s
Epithelial Root Sheath.
23. 23/85
• Continuous cell mitotic activity at the apical
termination of HERS
coronoapical growth of this bilayer
24. 24/85
• Its most apical portion, which forms a
diaphragm separates the dental papilla from the
dental follicle.
• The inner & outer cell layer of HERS is
surrounded by basement membrane.
25. 25/85
• The epithelial mesenchymal interactions
occurring between the internal basement
membrane & the cells of peripheral dental
papilla
differentiate into odontoblasts.
• Once the first matrix of radicular dentin is
formed by the maturing odontoblats & before it
mineralizes, HERS becomes discontinuous.
26. 26/85
• Epithelial remnants of HERS persist in the
developing & aging PDL, at an approximate
distance of 30 – 60 µm far from the root surface,
where they are referred to as Epithelial Rests of
Malassez.
- Malassez M L 1884
27. 27/85
• ERM forms a continuous network ensheathing the
root at a certain distance.
• Cell clusters are surrounded
by a basement
membrane which
separates them from
the surrounding
connective tissues.
• Function presently
unknown.
28. 28/85
DEVELOPMENT OF DENTINO CEMENTAL JUNCTION
• Differentiation of cementoblasts occurs on mantle dentin.
Maturing cementoblasts extend cytoplasmic process
positioning of the cemental collagen fibers
interdigitation of two fibril population (Cementum & dentin)
calcification starts in dentin, spreads across Cementum
formation of DCJ
30. 30/85
DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENTO ENAMEL JUNCTION
• In 60% of teeth – Cementum overlaps the
cervical end of enamel for
a short distance.
• Occurs when enamel
epithelium degenerates at
its cervical termination
permitting connective tissue
to come in direct contact
with the enamel surface.
31. 31/85
DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENTO ENAMEL JUNCTION
• In 30% of teeth – Cementum
meets cervical end of enamel
in a relatively sharp line.
32. 32/85
DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENTO ENAMEL JUNCTION
• In 10% - Enamel & Cementum do not meet.
• Occurs when enamel
epithelium in the cervical
portion of the root is delayed
in its separation from dentin.
• In such cases no CEJ
• Zone of the root is devoid of
Cementum & is, for time
covered by REE.
33. 33/85
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMEDIATE CEMENTUM
• Just before the degeneration of the epithelial root
sheath, root dentin is deposited adjacent to it as a
thin, amorphous, structureless, highly mineralized
secretion which appears on the surface of root
dentin.
• Devoid of collagen but
contains tryptophan.
• More evident in apical
region.
• Thickness : 10 – 20 µm
34. 34/85
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMEDIATE CEMENTUM
• This Cementum is deposited on the root surface
& functions to attach secondary Cementum to its
surface.
• May contain epithelial cells.
• Root sheath cells have an
odontoblast stimulating
ability as well as possible
secretory functions in
producing the Intermediate
Cementum.
35. 35/85
CELLUAR AND ACELLULAR CEMENTUM
• The behavior of cementoblasts during matrix
formation determines the type of Cementum to be
formed.
• Cellular Cementum –
found on apical half (thicker)
• Acellular Cementum –
covers the cervical half of the
root dentin (thin)
37. 37/85
DEVELOPMENT OF ALVEOLAR PROCESS
• Alveolar bone develops as the tooth develops.
• Initially, this bone forms a
thin egg shell of support,
termed as the ‘tooth crypt’,
around each tooth germ.
38. 38/85
• As the root grows and lengthen
alveolar bone keeps pace with the
elongating and erupting
tooth and maintains a
relation with each tooth
root.
39. 39/85
• Development of alveolar process begins in 8th
week in utero.
• At that time, within maxilla & mandible the
forming alveolar bone develops a horse shoe
shaped groove.
• The bony groove or canal is formed by the growth
of facial & lingual plates of body of maxilla or
mandible & contains the
developing tooth germs
together with alveolar blood
vessels and nerves.
40. 40/85
• At first developing tooth germs lie free in the
groove.
• Then, bony septa develops between teeth and
eventually each tooth is contained in a separate
crypt.
• During uterine life, dental
alveolus like the rest of the
skeleton is formed from an
embryonic type of bone
composed of tiny, bony
spicules.
41. 41/85
• Embryonic bone is of 2 types :
Woven Bone Coarse Bundle Bone
bundles of collagen collagen bundles
run in various direction are thicker.
in the matrix
Follow a parallel
coarse in matrix.
42. 42/85
• The matrix of embryonic bone consists of more
glycosaminoglycans & glycoproteins than that of
mature bone.
• The embryonic bone, is of temporary existence
and is replaced by mature or lamellar bone of the
compact or spongy bone.
43. 43/85
MATURE BONE :
• Composed of lamellae arranged in an orderly
manner.
• Fine fiber arrangement.
• Few cells
44. 44/85
• The bone between the roots of the adjacent
single rooted or multirooted teeth is termed as
the interdental bone.
45. 45/85
• In its mature form, alveolar bone is composed
of two parts :
Alveolar Bone Proper
Supporting Bone
46. 46/85
ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER :
• It is a thin lamella of compact bone that lines
the root socket & periodontal fibers are
embedded in it.
• Also called as Lamina Dura.
47. 47/85
• Alveolar bone proper is a specialized type of
dense bone composed of bundle bone &
haversian bone that appears radio opaque on x-
ray and hence is called as Lamina Dura.
• Bundle bone is named as
it is penetrated by
bundles of periodontal
fibers.
ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER :
48. 48/85
SUPPORTING BONE :
• Consists of both spongy &
compact bone
• Functions in supporting the
alveolar bone proper.
49. 49/85
• It is formed by osteogenic cells in the outermost
layer of the dental follicle
differentiate into osteoblasts
bone matrix laid down
osteocytes formed
Matrix calcifies
formation of mature bone
DEVELOPMENT OF ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER
50. 50/85
• In all bony tissues a system of cell to cell
communication exists between adjacent bone cells
e.g. osteogenic cells, osteoblasts & osteocytes.
• This takes place by 3 means :
1)Presence of junctional complex (gap) between the
different cells.
2)Presence of cytoskeleton at opposing points of
adjacent cells
3)Presence of small nerve fibers in the periosteum
These may work together to produce effective cell
communication & co-ordination of cellular activity.
51. 51/85
• Relationship between
a deciduous tooth & its
accompanying
succedaneous tooth
detailing the formation
of the alveolar bone
- Scoh,Symonds 1974
AT BIRTH AT 7MONTHS
AT 2½ YRS 7 YRS
52. 52/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
• The periodontal ligament originates from the
dental follicle.
• It is a specialized, soft, connective tissue ligament
that provides the attachment for the teeth to the
adjacent alveolar bone.
• Its fibers are embedded in the
Cementum on the tooth’s
surface & in the alveolar bone
at the other end.
53. 53/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
• Delicate fiber bundles of the forming PDL fibers
first appear as root formation begins.
• Follicular cells show increased mitotic activity.
• Inner most cells near the forming root
differentiate into cementoblasts & lay down
cementum.
• Outer most cells
osteoblasts
54. 54/85
• Centrally located cells in the ligament
differentiate into fibroblasts.
• These produce collagen
fibers that becomes
embedded into both
cementum and bone.
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
55. 55/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
• At first, developing fibers of PDL run obliquely in
a coronal direction from tooth to bone.
• The apical fibroblasts are the
stem cells that proliferate &
migrate cervically to form the
first group of collagen fibers.
ACF
57. 57/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
• The position of CEJ which was apical to the crest
becomes level & then coronal to the alveolar crest.
• This change between CEJ & alveolar crest may
relate to their functional role during tooth
eruption.
• It also brings the final
arrangement of the
principal fiber groups
of the mature PDL.
58. 58/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPAL FIBERS
A) First small brush like fibrils arise from root
cementum & projects into the PDL space.
- surface of bone at this stage is covered by
osteoblasts.
- from the surface of bone only a small number of
radiating thin collagen fibrils can be seen.
59. 59/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPAL FIBERS
B) Number & thickness of fibers entering the
bone increases & radiates towards the
loose connective tissue in the mid portion
of the PDL area which contains more or
less randomly oriented collagen fibrils.
- Fibers from cementum are still short while that
of bone becomes longer.
- The terminal portions of these fibers carry
finger like projections.
60. 60/85
DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPAL FIBERS
C) Fibers originating from cementum increase in
length & thickness & fuse in the PDL space with
the fibers arising from alveolar bone.
- When the tooth following eruption reaches
contact in occlusion & starts to function the
periodontal fibers become organized in bundles
& run continuously from bone to cementum.
61. 61/85
• Periodontal fibers run continuously from
cementum to alveolar bone proper.
• Periodontal fibers embedded in cementum have
a smaller diameter but are more numerous in
number than those embedded in alveolar bone
proper.
62. 62/85
• Periodontal ligament is in a continuous state of
remodelling, both during development &
throughout life span of the tooth.
• The ligament persistently maintains support of
an erupting or functioning tooth.
63. 63/85
• Remodelling is achieved by fibroblasts that
rapidly synthesize & secrete collagen.
• Rapid turnover of collagen takes place
throughout the whole thickness of ligament from
bone to cementum.
• Turnover is not restricted to the metabolically
active middle zone, which is sometimes referred
to as intermediate plexus.
• Different rate of collagen turn over in the
ligament in an apico-cervical direction.
64. 64/85
• Highest turn over is in apical region
• Lowest in cervical region of the ligament.
65. 65/85
REFERENCES
• Tencate’s Oral histology – Antonio Nanci
• Orban’s Oral histology and embryology –
S. N. Bhaskar
• Biology of periodontal tissues –
Bartold and Sampathnarayan
• Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry –
Lindhe
• Oral development and histology – Avery
• Clinical Periodonology – Carranza 10th edition
• Biological structure of normal & diseased
periodontium – Perio 2000, vol 13, 1997