This material is presented as an example of work I\'ve done. The information has been previously published and is presented here in a low detail format.
This document describes an experiment to evaluate the capillary suction time (CST) test for measuring sludge dewaterability. The objectives were to evaluate alternative test apparatus designs and procedures to improve precision and reduce costs. The CST test measures the time for filtrate to travel between electrodes using a filter paper under suction. Variables tested included funnel geometry, filter paper type, stirring, temperature, and sludge concentration. The results could help recommend improved CST test methods and better understand relationships between CST and other sludge dewaterability tests.
1) The document summarizes an experiment to measure the static filtration behavior of a water-based mud. Key measurements taken include the volume of mud filtrate collected after 30 minutes and the thickness of the resulting filter cake.
2) The experiment involves placing a mud sample in a filter press cell between two rubber gaskets and a filter paper. Pressure is applied and the volume of filtrate is measured over 30 minutes.
3) Results showed a mud cake thickness of 3mm and filtrate volume of 25ml. The document discusses factors like the purpose of rubber gaskets and screens, how mud cakes form in real wells, and advantages of mud cakes.
This document analyzes the effect of replacing sand with glass powder at ratios of 5%, 10%, and 20% on the compressive strength of concrete mixtures at water-cement ratios of 0.50, 0.55, and 0.58. Testing was conducted after 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that concrete with a 0.50 water-cement ratio maintained strength regardless of glass content, as did mixtures with 0.55 ratio and 20% glass. The study concludes that flat glass powder can be used to replace sand to produce structurally sound, environmentally-friendly concrete, though fluidity and void content require further study.
This experiment aimed to determine the filtration rate of mud under 90-100 psi pressure using a standard API filter press. Mud was prepared using water and bentonite and tested in the filter press, which applied pressure for 30 minutes. The mud formed a 4 mm thick cake and 18.7 cc of filtrate was collected. Temperature affects viscosity and filtration rate, so should be reported. The experiment showed how mud cake thickness and filtrate volume can be measured under controlled pressure and temperature using a filter press.
This document outlines various physical tests conducted on hydraulic cement, including normal consistency, setting time, fineness, soundness, compressive strength, and specific gravity. It describes the test methods, equipment, and precautions for each test according to Indian Standards. Maintaining proper temperature, humidity, and equipment calibration is important. All tests should be performed following the specified standards.
This experiment aims to determine porosity using a helium porosimeter. The student, Kamal Abdurahman, will conduct the experiment supervised by Mr. Ali Kamal. The helium porosimeter works by measuring the volume of helium gas that expands into sample pores based on Boyle's and Charles' laws. This allows direct measurement of grain volume and pore volume, from which porosity and grain density can be derived. The apparatus includes a helium porosimeter, pressure gauge, and various sample holders to accommodate different sized rock plugs and cores.
This document discusses mud filtration experiments. It aims to monitor the rate of fluid loss from a filter press under controlled conditions and measure the thickness of residue deposited on the filter paper. Filtration properties are important for understanding invasion into porous formations and filter cake buildup on wellbores. The experiment uses a standard filter press to test mud samples under static and dynamic filtration conditions at varying temperatures and pressures. Results like fluid loss volume and filter cake thickness indicate how much water/oil wetting and permeability damage may occur in formations. Formation damage can reduce productivity and is affected by factors like filter cake properties, filtrate invasion, and drilling/completion operations.
Lab 12 measurement of sand contents present in drilling, mud by using and sa...Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the sand content in drilling mud using a sand content kit. The objectives are to determine the volume percentage of sand-sized particles (>74 μm) in the mud. The procedure involves adding mud and water to the sand content tube, shaking, pouring onto a screen, and measuring the volume of sand collected. Periodically measuring sand content is important because high levels can cause issues like increased filtration or interference with downhole tools. The sand content kit provides a simple method compared to other analysis techniques. Safety precautions and maintenance of equipment are also outlined.
This document describes an experiment to evaluate the capillary suction time (CST) test for measuring sludge dewaterability. The objectives were to evaluate alternative test apparatus designs and procedures to improve precision and reduce costs. The CST test measures the time for filtrate to travel between electrodes using a filter paper under suction. Variables tested included funnel geometry, filter paper type, stirring, temperature, and sludge concentration. The results could help recommend improved CST test methods and better understand relationships between CST and other sludge dewaterability tests.
1) The document summarizes an experiment to measure the static filtration behavior of a water-based mud. Key measurements taken include the volume of mud filtrate collected after 30 minutes and the thickness of the resulting filter cake.
2) The experiment involves placing a mud sample in a filter press cell between two rubber gaskets and a filter paper. Pressure is applied and the volume of filtrate is measured over 30 minutes.
3) Results showed a mud cake thickness of 3mm and filtrate volume of 25ml. The document discusses factors like the purpose of rubber gaskets and screens, how mud cakes form in real wells, and advantages of mud cakes.
This document analyzes the effect of replacing sand with glass powder at ratios of 5%, 10%, and 20% on the compressive strength of concrete mixtures at water-cement ratios of 0.50, 0.55, and 0.58. Testing was conducted after 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that concrete with a 0.50 water-cement ratio maintained strength regardless of glass content, as did mixtures with 0.55 ratio and 20% glass. The study concludes that flat glass powder can be used to replace sand to produce structurally sound, environmentally-friendly concrete, though fluidity and void content require further study.
This experiment aimed to determine the filtration rate of mud under 90-100 psi pressure using a standard API filter press. Mud was prepared using water and bentonite and tested in the filter press, which applied pressure for 30 minutes. The mud formed a 4 mm thick cake and 18.7 cc of filtrate was collected. Temperature affects viscosity and filtration rate, so should be reported. The experiment showed how mud cake thickness and filtrate volume can be measured under controlled pressure and temperature using a filter press.
This document outlines various physical tests conducted on hydraulic cement, including normal consistency, setting time, fineness, soundness, compressive strength, and specific gravity. It describes the test methods, equipment, and precautions for each test according to Indian Standards. Maintaining proper temperature, humidity, and equipment calibration is important. All tests should be performed following the specified standards.
This experiment aims to determine porosity using a helium porosimeter. The student, Kamal Abdurahman, will conduct the experiment supervised by Mr. Ali Kamal. The helium porosimeter works by measuring the volume of helium gas that expands into sample pores based on Boyle's and Charles' laws. This allows direct measurement of grain volume and pore volume, from which porosity and grain density can be derived. The apparatus includes a helium porosimeter, pressure gauge, and various sample holders to accommodate different sized rock plugs and cores.
This document discusses mud filtration experiments. It aims to monitor the rate of fluid loss from a filter press under controlled conditions and measure the thickness of residue deposited on the filter paper. Filtration properties are important for understanding invasion into porous formations and filter cake buildup on wellbores. The experiment uses a standard filter press to test mud samples under static and dynamic filtration conditions at varying temperatures and pressures. Results like fluid loss volume and filter cake thickness indicate how much water/oil wetting and permeability damage may occur in formations. Formation damage can reduce productivity and is affected by factors like filter cake properties, filtrate invasion, and drilling/completion operations.
Lab 12 measurement of sand contents present in drilling, mud by using and sa...Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the sand content in drilling mud using a sand content kit. The objectives are to determine the volume percentage of sand-sized particles (>74 μm) in the mud. The procedure involves adding mud and water to the sand content tube, shaking, pouring onto a screen, and measuring the volume of sand collected. Periodically measuring sand content is important because high levels can cause issues like increased filtration or interference with downhole tools. The sand content kit provides a simple method compared to other analysis techniques. Safety precautions and maintenance of equipment are also outlined.
This laboratory report examines the properties of admixtures (super plasticizers) used in concrete, including solid content, rheological properties, and chloride content. Various tests were performed on the admixtures to determine these properties, such as marsh cone tests to evaluate rheological properties, ash content tests to determine solid content, and chloride content tests. The report summarizes the results of these tests, such as an average ash content of 4.95% and a chloride content of 0.0237% for the specific admixture tested. Compressive strength tests on concrete cubes yielded an average compressive strength of 205.2 kg/cm2.
1. This experiment aims to find the properties of plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and yield point of drilling mud using a Fann V-G viscometer.
2. A Fann viscometer measures the rheology of drilling mud by applying forces between a central bob and outer rotating sleeve to determine viscosity parameters.
3. The experiment involves preparing a bentonite mud sample, loading it into the Fann viscometer, and taking readings at different RPMs to calculate viscosity values.
The document outlines the chapters of a thesis on two-phase flow experiments in porous media. Chapter 1 introduces key concepts like porosity, permeability, and relative permeability diagrams. Chapter 2 discusses petroleum formation, traps, reservoir drive mechanisms, and recovery methods. Chapter 3 covers laboratory measurements of grain size, densities, porosity, and permeability. Chapter 4 details constructing and running a relative permeability test. Chapter 5 proposes simulating the experiment using Comsol Multiphysics to compare results.
Lab 3 measurement of the viscosity of drilling mud using marsh funnel.Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the viscosity of drilling mud using a Marsh funnel. It provides background on viscosity and how it is an important property of drilling fluids. The marsh funnel procedure involves pouring mud through a screen into the funnel and timing how long it takes for 1 quart to drain out. The measured time is used in a formula along with mud density to calculate viscosity in centipoise. Precautions for the experiment and sample questions for a viva voce discussion are also outlined.
The Soil Mechanics & Hydraulics Laboratory in Karachi was established in 1956 by USAID to conduct soil mechanics and geotechnical investigations. It has 54 employees including engineers and technicians. The laboratory performs various soil, concrete, aggregate, cement, and steel tests according to ASTM and AASHTO standards. It also conducts geophysical surveys and pile installation. The laboratory works with both public sector organizations like irrigation departments and private sector clients on projects including buildings, roads, towers, and barrages.
1. Sampling of minerals involves collecting portions of rocks or ores to determine their quality and composition. There are different types and methods of sampling depending on whether it is done above or below ground.
2. Common sampling methods include grab sampling, channel sampling, chip sampling, and drill hole sampling. Grab sampling involves collecting rock specimens while channel sampling cuts channels across rock faces.
3. Sampling seeks to provide a representative sample of the whole deposit but can be subject to random and systematic errors from factors like improper spacing, insufficient samples, or incorrect analysis. Proper sampling techniques aim to minimize these errors.
1. The aim of the experiment was to reduce the mud's density through dilution by adding water. This reduces the hydrostatic pressure.
2. Procedures involved mixing bentonite and water to create mud, then adding additional water to dilute the mud. Density measurements before and after dilution showed a reduction from 8.58 ppg to 8.45 ppg.
3. Mud dilution with fresh water is not effective for field drilling or acceptable for drilling shale formations, as fresh water can damage shale through swelling. Other methods like adding bentonite or barite are required to control mud density and pressures.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted by Muhammad Sulaimon Rasul to determine the percentage of sand-sized particles in a drilling fluid sample using sand content equipment. The experiment involved preparing a water-based mud using bentonite and barite, then measuring its density. The sand content equipment was used to separate sand-sized particles from the mud sample by filtering. The percentage of sand was then read directly from the graduated measuring tube of the equipment. The results showed a sand content of 5% for the tested water-based mud sample.
Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using...IJERA Editor
Stainlesssteel 403 is high-alloysteelwith good corrosion resistance and it’svery hard material. Abrasive water jet
is an effective method for machining, cutting and drilling of stainlesssteel 403. In thispaperweoptimize the
metalremoval rate of stainlesssteel 403 in abrasive water jet machining. The MRRisoptimize by
usingthreeparameters water pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off distance and L9 orthogonal array of
Taguchimethod use to analyse the result. 9 experimentalrunsbased on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchimethod.
Lab 10 measurement of the oil, water and solid contents of drilling mud samp...Awais Qureshi
1) This lab experiment aims to measure the oil, water, and solid contents of a drilling mud sample using a retort kit.
2) The retort kit provides a method for measuring the percentage of oil and water in a drilling mud sample. It works by heating the sample to separate out the oil and water, which are then collected and measured.
3) The procedure involves packing steel wool in the retort kit, placing the mud sample in the cup, heating it to separate out the oil and water, and then measuring the volumes collected to determine the percentages of oil, water, and solids.
This document describes a penetration test performed on bituminous materials to determine consistency. The test involves vertically penetrating samples of the material with a standard needle under controlled conditions and measuring the penetration distance. Bitumen is characterized based on penetration grades like 30/40 and 40/50, with higher values indicating softer consistency. The document outlines the test apparatus, sample preparation process, testing procedure, and results, noting a mean penetration value of 37.37mm for the tested sample.
This document describes an experiment to create drilling mud with different densities by diluting an initial mud sample. The experiment aims to lower the density of an initial mud sample from 8.8 ppg to 8.7 ppg by adding a calculated volume of water. The procedure involves creating an initial mud sample, measuring its density, adding a calculated volume of water, and measuring the density of the diluted mud. The results show errors in the final densities compared to the targets, likely due to inaccuracies in measuring or adding the water volumes. The document concludes that performing these types of experiments helps students learn how to create and dilute drilling muds as required for different well conditions.
This document summarizes a study that used particle image velocimetry (PIV) to analyze the velocity profiles of glass beads in a glass cell during withdrawal. Water and glass beads were filled in the cell and mixed with magnetite to facilitate PIV analysis. PIV analysis found that the particle velocity profile fit a Gaussian model over time. The standard deviation of the Gaussian was found to depend on both the withdrawal time and position in the glass cell. While the study provided interesting results, further work is needed to better reproduce the conditions proppants experience during hydraulic fracturing.
Dye penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method that uses dye penetrant and developer to locate surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials like metals and plastics. The process involves applying penetrant, removing excess penetrant, and applying developer to make any defects visible. Ultrasonic thickness inspection and radiographic testing are also common non-destructive testing methods. Non-destructive testing allows inspection without damaging the test object.
1. This document describes an experiment to test mud weight and density. The aim is to understand how to use a mud balance apparatus and how density changes when barite is added to water.
2. The procedure involves calibrating the mud balance with water, mixing bentonite mud, measuring its density, adding barite, and remeasuring density. Calculations are shown for determining mud component volumes and weights.
3. Results found the initial bentonite mud density was incorrect due to poor mixing. Adding barite increased density as expected to control hydrostatic pressure and prevent fluid influx from formations. Limitations like dirty equipment and inexperienced users could impact results.
Age Concern is launching a "Christmas Cracker" campaign to combat loneliness among elderly people over the holidays. They are urging families to invite lonely pensioners over for Christmas meals to help the hundreds of seniors aged over 70 who otherwise spend the holidays alone. The charity aims to address what they see as an increased focus on materialism over the true meaning of Christmas - love and happiness. They are providing transportation assistance and encouraging people to offer a seat at their table to help an elderly person and potentially change their life.
Chapter 5 reviews how the Internet can be used as a tool for communication, inquiry, and construction in the classroom. It describes how email, mailing lists, chat rooms, and videoconferencing allow for efficient information exchange and communication. The chapter also explains that teachers need to play technical, social, managerial, and pedagogical roles when facilitating online discussions to ensure students have positive interactions and fully participate in achieving the discussion goals.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This laboratory report examines the properties of admixtures (super plasticizers) used in concrete, including solid content, rheological properties, and chloride content. Various tests were performed on the admixtures to determine these properties, such as marsh cone tests to evaluate rheological properties, ash content tests to determine solid content, and chloride content tests. The report summarizes the results of these tests, such as an average ash content of 4.95% and a chloride content of 0.0237% for the specific admixture tested. Compressive strength tests on concrete cubes yielded an average compressive strength of 205.2 kg/cm2.
1. This experiment aims to find the properties of plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and yield point of drilling mud using a Fann V-G viscometer.
2. A Fann viscometer measures the rheology of drilling mud by applying forces between a central bob and outer rotating sleeve to determine viscosity parameters.
3. The experiment involves preparing a bentonite mud sample, loading it into the Fann viscometer, and taking readings at different RPMs to calculate viscosity values.
The document outlines the chapters of a thesis on two-phase flow experiments in porous media. Chapter 1 introduces key concepts like porosity, permeability, and relative permeability diagrams. Chapter 2 discusses petroleum formation, traps, reservoir drive mechanisms, and recovery methods. Chapter 3 covers laboratory measurements of grain size, densities, porosity, and permeability. Chapter 4 details constructing and running a relative permeability test. Chapter 5 proposes simulating the experiment using Comsol Multiphysics to compare results.
Lab 3 measurement of the viscosity of drilling mud using marsh funnel.Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the viscosity of drilling mud using a Marsh funnel. It provides background on viscosity and how it is an important property of drilling fluids. The marsh funnel procedure involves pouring mud through a screen into the funnel and timing how long it takes for 1 quart to drain out. The measured time is used in a formula along with mud density to calculate viscosity in centipoise. Precautions for the experiment and sample questions for a viva voce discussion are also outlined.
The Soil Mechanics & Hydraulics Laboratory in Karachi was established in 1956 by USAID to conduct soil mechanics and geotechnical investigations. It has 54 employees including engineers and technicians. The laboratory performs various soil, concrete, aggregate, cement, and steel tests according to ASTM and AASHTO standards. It also conducts geophysical surveys and pile installation. The laboratory works with both public sector organizations like irrigation departments and private sector clients on projects including buildings, roads, towers, and barrages.
1. Sampling of minerals involves collecting portions of rocks or ores to determine their quality and composition. There are different types and methods of sampling depending on whether it is done above or below ground.
2. Common sampling methods include grab sampling, channel sampling, chip sampling, and drill hole sampling. Grab sampling involves collecting rock specimens while channel sampling cuts channels across rock faces.
3. Sampling seeks to provide a representative sample of the whole deposit but can be subject to random and systematic errors from factors like improper spacing, insufficient samples, or incorrect analysis. Proper sampling techniques aim to minimize these errors.
1. The aim of the experiment was to reduce the mud's density through dilution by adding water. This reduces the hydrostatic pressure.
2. Procedures involved mixing bentonite and water to create mud, then adding additional water to dilute the mud. Density measurements before and after dilution showed a reduction from 8.58 ppg to 8.45 ppg.
3. Mud dilution with fresh water is not effective for field drilling or acceptable for drilling shale formations, as fresh water can damage shale through swelling. Other methods like adding bentonite or barite are required to control mud density and pressures.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted by Muhammad Sulaimon Rasul to determine the percentage of sand-sized particles in a drilling fluid sample using sand content equipment. The experiment involved preparing a water-based mud using bentonite and barite, then measuring its density. The sand content equipment was used to separate sand-sized particles from the mud sample by filtering. The percentage of sand was then read directly from the graduated measuring tube of the equipment. The results showed a sand content of 5% for the tested water-based mud sample.
Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using...IJERA Editor
Stainlesssteel 403 is high-alloysteelwith good corrosion resistance and it’svery hard material. Abrasive water jet
is an effective method for machining, cutting and drilling of stainlesssteel 403. In thispaperweoptimize the
metalremoval rate of stainlesssteel 403 in abrasive water jet machining. The MRRisoptimize by
usingthreeparameters water pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off distance and L9 orthogonal array of
Taguchimethod use to analyse the result. 9 experimentalrunsbased on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchimethod.
Lab 10 measurement of the oil, water and solid contents of drilling mud samp...Awais Qureshi
1) This lab experiment aims to measure the oil, water, and solid contents of a drilling mud sample using a retort kit.
2) The retort kit provides a method for measuring the percentage of oil and water in a drilling mud sample. It works by heating the sample to separate out the oil and water, which are then collected and measured.
3) The procedure involves packing steel wool in the retort kit, placing the mud sample in the cup, heating it to separate out the oil and water, and then measuring the volumes collected to determine the percentages of oil, water, and solids.
This document describes a penetration test performed on bituminous materials to determine consistency. The test involves vertically penetrating samples of the material with a standard needle under controlled conditions and measuring the penetration distance. Bitumen is characterized based on penetration grades like 30/40 and 40/50, with higher values indicating softer consistency. The document outlines the test apparatus, sample preparation process, testing procedure, and results, noting a mean penetration value of 37.37mm for the tested sample.
This document describes an experiment to create drilling mud with different densities by diluting an initial mud sample. The experiment aims to lower the density of an initial mud sample from 8.8 ppg to 8.7 ppg by adding a calculated volume of water. The procedure involves creating an initial mud sample, measuring its density, adding a calculated volume of water, and measuring the density of the diluted mud. The results show errors in the final densities compared to the targets, likely due to inaccuracies in measuring or adding the water volumes. The document concludes that performing these types of experiments helps students learn how to create and dilute drilling muds as required for different well conditions.
This document summarizes a study that used particle image velocimetry (PIV) to analyze the velocity profiles of glass beads in a glass cell during withdrawal. Water and glass beads were filled in the cell and mixed with magnetite to facilitate PIV analysis. PIV analysis found that the particle velocity profile fit a Gaussian model over time. The standard deviation of the Gaussian was found to depend on both the withdrawal time and position in the glass cell. While the study provided interesting results, further work is needed to better reproduce the conditions proppants experience during hydraulic fracturing.
Dye penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method that uses dye penetrant and developer to locate surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials like metals and plastics. The process involves applying penetrant, removing excess penetrant, and applying developer to make any defects visible. Ultrasonic thickness inspection and radiographic testing are also common non-destructive testing methods. Non-destructive testing allows inspection without damaging the test object.
1. This document describes an experiment to test mud weight and density. The aim is to understand how to use a mud balance apparatus and how density changes when barite is added to water.
2. The procedure involves calibrating the mud balance with water, mixing bentonite mud, measuring its density, adding barite, and remeasuring density. Calculations are shown for determining mud component volumes and weights.
3. Results found the initial bentonite mud density was incorrect due to poor mixing. Adding barite increased density as expected to control hydrostatic pressure and prevent fluid influx from formations. Limitations like dirty equipment and inexperienced users could impact results.
Age Concern is launching a "Christmas Cracker" campaign to combat loneliness among elderly people over the holidays. They are urging families to invite lonely pensioners over for Christmas meals to help the hundreds of seniors aged over 70 who otherwise spend the holidays alone. The charity aims to address what they see as an increased focus on materialism over the true meaning of Christmas - love and happiness. They are providing transportation assistance and encouraging people to offer a seat at their table to help an elderly person and potentially change their life.
Chapter 5 reviews how the Internet can be used as a tool for communication, inquiry, and construction in the classroom. It describes how email, mailing lists, chat rooms, and videoconferencing allow for efficient information exchange and communication. The chapter also explains that teachers need to play technical, social, managerial, and pedagogical roles when facilitating online discussions to ensure students have positive interactions and fully participate in achieving the discussion goals.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Oxfam Vintage in Preston is holding an exhibition called "The Antiques Clothes Show" to showcase vintage fashions from different eras and encourage University of Central Lancashire students to shop at their store. The event will be held during freshers' week at a local nightclub and feature fashion displays from 1940s-1990s, a celebrity appearance, and a competition to win gift vouchers. Students will also receive free entry to a club after the exhibition. The manager hopes the event introduces students to Oxfam's mission and the unique second-hand clothes it offers at affordable prices.
The document describes the stages of cell division: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. During prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and a spindle forms. In metaphase, chromosomes are aligned at the middle and attached to centrioles. Anaphase involves the chromosomes beginning to pull apart to opposite ends. Telophase ends with spindle fibers disappearing and nuclear membranes reforming. Cytokinesis concludes with two daughter cells being formed.
The document describes eMedicard, a service that helps manage daily healthcare, provides emergency medical assistance, and offers discounts. It aims to help patients better manage existing conditions through medication and test reminders, health tips, and monitoring. eMedicard claims this approach can reduce expenses, increase preventative care, and provide more convenient access to services. The service is offered through a network of partners and led by a team of healthcare professionals and technology experts.
Oxfam Vintage in Preston is holding an exhibition called "The Antiques Clothes Show" to showcase vintage fashions from different eras and encourage University of Central Lancashire students to shop at their store. The event will be held during freshers' week at a local nightclub and feature fashion displays from 1940s-1990s, a celebrity appearance, and a competition to win gift vouchers. Students will also receive free entry to a club after the exhibition. The manager hopes the event will inform students about Oxfam's mission and vintage fashion.
Wear testing machine by laser ablation has been considered as a new method of wear testing which overcome the problems of old machines and systems . In this case, wear rate has occurred due to ablation by laser beam and test sample transformed from solid state to gas state directly (sublimation) and avoid relative movement and loss of material between sample and disk or plate. The different operation conditions such as temperature, chemicals, environmental conditions and different types of stresses has been considered. The new machine consists of two main parts optical and mechanical parts. The optical parts which include ultraviolet laser source, optical filter, lenses to concentrate the beam and manhole of laser beam to the sample tested in the control room. The mechanical parts includes The insulated chamber , dead weight , variable speed motor, sample holder, temperature and pressure sensor and ph meter. Mechanism of operation depend mainly on Ablation process which is removal of material from the surface of an tested object by vaporization .Ultraviolet laser beam is used as source of energy required for ablation process to avoid thermal effects. The new technique is suitable for all kinds of materials such as metals, alloys polymers, ceramics and composites in any shapes and sizes. The main factors affecting the new techniques are divided into factors related to the laser beam characteristics and factors related to material properties, the material properties include the surface roughness, thermal conductivity, specific heat ,density and mainly latent heat of sublimation.
This document describes an experiment to evaluate the capillary suction time (CST) test for measuring sludge dewaterability. The objectives were to evaluate alternative test apparatus designs and procedures to improve precision and reduce costs. The CST test measures the time for filtrate to travel between electrodes using a filter paper under suction. Variables tested included funnel geometry, filter paper type, stirring, temperature, and sludge concentration. The results could help recommend improved CST test methods.
This document provides information on high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). It discusses the basic principles of TLC and how HPTLC enhances it with automation. The key steps of HPTLC are described, including sample preparation, application, development, detection, and documentation. Various instrumentation, plates, mobile phases, and detection methods used in HPTLC are also outlined. HPTLC is highlighted as a useful technique for pharmaceutical analysis, food testing, clinical applications, forensics, and industrial processes.
ujwal PPT is the best ppt i have seen pleaseyk3372013
This internship presentation summarizes Ujwal Uttarkar's work at the Centre of Ash Utilization Technology and Environment Conservation (CASHUTEC) in Shaktinagar. It includes:
1. A visit to CASHUTEC's production unit, which produces over 40 types of pre-cast, fly ash-based construction materials.
2. A workshop on geopolymer concrete, which is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete that uses an organic polymer instead of cement.
3. Tests conducted on aggregates used in construction, including sieve analysis, crushing tests, impact tests, and abrasion tests.
4. Plans for a regional training centre building to be constructed using
Testing equipments used in thermal spraying aluminium coatingAshwary Jain
This document discusses testing equipment used for thermal spraying aluminium coatings. It describes tests performed before blasting includes blotter tests and checking grit quality. After blasting, dust contamination, surface profile replica tape, salt contamination, and temperature/humidity tests are done. Additional tests after coating include dry film thickness measurement, adhesion testing using a pull-off tester, bend testing, and holiday detection by applying voltage to find defects. The tests help ensure proper surface preparation and coating quality.
This document provides an overview of analytical instruments used in research and their utilization and maintenance. It discusses various types of microscopes like fluorescence microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and dark field microscopy. It also summarizes some key laboratory equipment like incubators, autoclaves, hot air ovens, and tensiometers. Some examples of research areas discussed include environmental microbiology, food and industrial microbiology, and agricultural biotechnology. Analytical instruments like atomic absorption spectrophotometers are also summarized.
The document describes an ozone climatic test chamber that is used to test rubber products for resistance to ozone exposure. The chamber can simulate high ozone concentration levels along with temperature and humidity settings to replicate real-world conditions. It evaluates how rubber and other materials withstand ozone aging over time in order to improve product lifespan. The chamber features a controlled environment, temperature regulation, humidity control, and an ozone generation/capture system to safely test sample materials.
This document discusses soil testing equipment used for civil engineering projects. It provides descriptions of equipment for soil sampling, classification, consolidation testing, direct shear strength testing, triaxial strength testing, compaction testing, penetration testing, bearing capacity testing, permeability testing, density testing, and more. A range of equipment is presented, from basic models for teaching purposes to more advanced automated systems for laboratory use.
1. This experiment aims to determine the amount of filter loss and filter cake thickness using a standardized API test apparatus.
2. The student measured the filter loss over 30 minutes at room temperature and 100±5 psi using the API test apparatus, which has a fine screen to simulate the wellbore wall and allow measurement of deposited filter cake thickness.
3. Key factors that control mud loss include the volume of filtrate lost into the formation, thickness and strength of the filter cake, and differential pressure between the wellbore and formation. The ideal filtration results have minimal fluid loss and a thin, tough filter cake.
This document discusses the various applications of filter paper in laboratory testing based on standard test methods. It provides the recommended grade of filter paper for over 40 different environmental, materials, and wastewater tests covering areas like soils, sludge, water, and air emissions. The tests examine various parameters such as moisture content, strength, permeability, toxicity, solids, nutrients, oils, metals, radioactivity, bacteria, and particulate matter. The recommended grades depend on factors like the sample type, required porosity, absorption properties, and avoidance of contamination.
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
This document describes a test method for determining the shrinkage limit of soils. Key points:
- The test involves compacting a wet soil sample into a small dish, then slowly drying it to a constant mass to determine the moisture content at which no further volume change occurs upon drying.
- The dried soil pat is coated in wax to prevent water absorption, then its mass is measured both in air and submerged in water to calculate its volume.
- The shrinkage limit is the moisture content where the soil reaches its minimum volume, below which further drying does not cause shrinkage. It indicates the soil's shrinkage and cracking potential.
The document summarizes a case study on the implementation of Quality by Design (QbD) principles in developing a film-coated tablet with an active layer to protect an unstable drug. Key aspects included identifying critical quality attributes of content uniformity and potency. Design of experiments was used to establish a design space. In-line monitoring techniques like Raman spectroscopy were utilized to ensure consistent coating quality during scale-up.
Analysis for predicting the Input Interactions of HBF Performance at -10 μm P...journal ijrtem
This document summarizes an analysis of factors influencing the performance of a Hyper Baric Filter (HBF) used to treat iron ore fines. Experiments were conducted using a 3^3 full factorial design to examine the effects of vessel pressure, snap blow, and filter disk rotation on moisture reduction and material throughput. Linear regression models were developed for each response and validated. Vessel pressure had the greatest effect on moisture reduction, explaining over 80% of the variation, while vessel pressure, disk rotation, and their interaction most influenced throughput. The models can predict HBF performance within the required level of confidence.
This document provides instructions for conducting a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to determine the strength of a soil sample. The CBR test measures the resistance of a soil to penetration by a standard plunger and compares it to a standard material. Key steps include: 1) preparing a remolded or undisturbed soil specimen at optimum moisture content and density; 2) soaking the specimen for 4 days to measure swelling; 3) penetrating the specimen at 1.25mm/min while recording load values; and 4) calculating the CBR value by comparing load values to a standard curve. Proper specimen preparation, soaking, loading procedure, and calculations are necessary to obtain reproducible and valid CBR results for evaluating
This document describes FEC's filter testing equipment for testing cleanable air filter media. It summarizes the key features and capabilities of FEC's test rig models FEC-111A and FEC-221A. The models can test flat sheet cleanable filter media according to standards like ISO 11057 and VDI 3926. Key parameters that can be tested include pressure drop curves, residual pressure drop, gravimetric efficiency, and dust loading capacity. The document provides details on the test rig components and testing capabilities.
This document describes FEC's filter testing equipment for cleanable air filter media. It summarizes the key features and parameters that the FEC Model 111A and 221A test rigs can evaluate according to standards like VDI 3926 and ISO 11057, including pressure drop curves, residual pressure drop, gravimetric separation efficiency, and loading capacity. It provides details on components like the filter holder, dust feeder, and optional control software. Additional filtration testing equipment from FEC are also listed.
The document discusses the key technology requirements for HVAC system design in facilities, including area classifications, air handling systems, building management systems, and validation of HVAC systems. It covers components of air handling units and ducting, different types of filters and their testing, and describes validation tests for filter integrity, air changes, airflow patterns, and particle counts that should be performed on HVAC systems.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without causing damage. Common NDT methods include liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. Liquid penetrant testing uses a dye that is drawn into surface-breaking flaws by capillary action and visualized. Magnetic particle testing magnetizes a part and uses iron particles to indicate areas of magnetic flux leakage from subsurface flaws. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves that reflect off internal flaws and interfaces, with the reflections analyzed to detect and characterize imperfections.
The document discusses procedures for sampling suspended particulates using a high volume sampler (HVS). Some key points:
- The HVS uses vacuum to draw ambient air through a filter at a rate of 40-60 cubic feet per minute for 24 hours, collecting 0.5 grams of particulate matter.
- Common filters used are Whatman No. 41 glass fiber filters, which have a collection efficiency over 99% for particles over 0.3 microns.
- Sampling procedures involve conditioning the filter, recording start/stop times and flow rates, and calculating mass concentration based on initial/final filter weights and total air volume.
- Results are reported as milligrams or micrograms of particulate matter per
Similar to Development Of A Particle Sampling Roller (20)
1. Development of a Particle Sampling Roller’ Note, this information has been previously disclosed in papers presented at CleanRooms East and to the IEST. It is presented here in a low-detail format as an example of prior work performed by Jerry Ernst who developed the specifics of this tool and test methods.